LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

I 



J/Ac^/. 



B-3.S- 



DNITED STATES OF AMEltlCA. t 



C'»'» 



■'*-<*''*t''^'^'*'** ■«'-^**Sfc.'«fe''%''«''* '«'*'^''H! 




Our National Emblem. — The American or Bald Eagle, a symbol of 
etrengtli and courage. The Coat of Arms of the U. S. is composed of the Eagle, 
with oxitsprcad wings, guarding a shield of Stars and Stripes, holding arrows in 
one talon and an oUve branch in the other, and in its beak the motto, "ii' FlVr- 
ribus UnumJ' 



r 



-^ 




< 



^ 



,,\1 still waves." 










>^ 



X m ^^^^-^-_^' —•'<_- f 



•• Forever float that standard sheet" 



^ 








0' 



THE 

NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

OP 

AMERICAN PROGRESS 

COMPRISING 

A READY REFERENCE MANUAL 

OF 

FACTS AND FIGURES, 

FROM THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA TO THE PRESENT TIME. 



HISTORICAL, DOCUMENTARY, 

BIOGRAPHICAL, FINANCIAL, 

STATISTICAL, POLITICAL. 

Edited by REV. E. a"" HAVEN, D.D., LL.D. 

Chancellor of Syracuse University, N. Y. ; late President of the North Western Universily 
HlinoiB. and formerly President of Michigan (Ann Arbor) State University. 



ILLUSTRATED, 



NEW YORK: 
E. B. TREAT, 805 BROADWAY. 

PALMER, AUGIR & CO., CHICAGO. | F. A. HUTCHINSON, ST. LOUIS. 

1876. 







COPrRIGHT. 

B. B. TREAT. 
1876. 



INTRODUCTION. 



We present in this volume a collection of 
the most important facts in American history — 
just the facts that every intelligent citizen de- 
sires to have at ready command. As a fitting 
introduction to it we give a brief memoir of the 
" Father of his Country," " first in war, first in 
peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen,*' 
the immortal Washington ; using that as a kind 
of thread on which to string some facts and 
thoughts that tend to show the magnitude and 
magnificence of the wondrous revolution in the 
politics of the world, of which, what we call the 
American Revolution was the centre, and George 
Washington the most conspicuous figure. 



CONTENTS 



HISTORICAL. 

PAGE. 

American Progress, by E. 0. Haven 11 

Chronology of important events from the discovery of America 

to 1776 41 

King Philip's War,— causes of 42 

Pequot War, — causes of 42 

Bacon's Rebellion, — causes of 42 

Queen Anne's War, — causes of 43 

King William's War, — causes of 43 

King George's War, — causes of 44 

French and Indian War,— causes of 44 

Revolutionary War, — causes of 47 

Continental Congress — Presidents and Sessions of 56 

History of the Confederation 57 

Articles of Confederation 58 

Important Events of each year, from the formation of the govern- 
ment t-: the present time, chronologically arranged, under each 

administration 144 

Whisky Rebellion in Pa., — causes of 156 

War with Tripoli, — causes of 156 

Second War with England, 1812— causes of 162 

Hartford Convention, — its object 163 

Anti-Masonic Excitement, — causes of 176 

The Black Hawk War on the frontier. 180 

The Seminole War in Florida 180 

Tl-ie Canadian Rebellion, — causes of 185 

Mexican War, — causes of 195 

Oar National Domain, and how acquired 276 

History of each State and Territory 280 

Civil War, 1861-65,— causes of 

History of our Flag, by Hon. J. T. Headley. 380 

Important Events of the Rebellion, exclusive of Battles 388 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

COMPRISING THE LIVES OP 

George Washington, 1st President 144 

John Adams, Vice-President, and 2nd President 150 

Thomas Jefferson, Vice-Pres., and 3d President 154 

Aaron Burr, Vice-President. ... ... 155 

James Madison, 4th President 159 

George Clinton, Vice-President 160 

James Monroe, 5th President 167 

Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President 169 

John Q. Adams, Vice-President, and 6th President 172 

John C. Calhoun, Vice-President. 174 

Andrew Jackson, 7th President 177 

Martin Van Buren, Vice-President, and 8th President 178, 182 

Richard M. Johnson, Vice-President 184 



8 CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Wm. H. Harrison, 9th President 187 

John Tyler, Vice-President, and 10th President 189 

James K. Polk, 11th President 193 

Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President 194 

Zachary Taylor, 12th President 198 

Millard Fillmore, Vice-President, and 18th President 199 

Franklin Pierce, 14th President 202 

Wm. R. King, Vice-President 203 

James Buchanan, 15th President 206 

John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President 208 

Abraham Lincoln, 16th President 212 

Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President 214 

Andrew Johnson, Vice-President, and 17th President 214 

Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President. 219 

Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President 221 

Henry Wilson, Vice-President 221 

DOCUMENTARY. 

The Declaration of Independence, and signers 47 

The Articles of Confederation of the United Colonies of America. . . 57 

The Constitution of the United States ,74 

Constitutional Amendments, — fifteen 95 

Washington's Inaugural Address 102 

Washington's Farewell Address 109 

The First Prayer in Congress 137 

Slave Ordinances of 1797, 1820, 1850, and 1854 142 

Dred Scott Decision of 1854 142 

Jackson's NulUfication Proclamation to S. C 227 

The Mouroe Doctrine 266 

The Neutrality Law of the U. S 268 

Hon. S. A. Douglas' great Union Speech 297 

Alien and Sedition Laws of the U. S 

Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address 304 

Lincoln's First Call for Troops 322 

War Resolution of N. Y. Chamber of Commerce 325 

The Blockade Proclamation 330 

The Emancipation Proclamation . . 333 

The Confiscation Act of the Rebellion 337 

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address 340 

The Amnesty Proclamation 344 

President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation 350 

The Peace Proclamation " 355 

The CivU Rights BiU 361 

STATISTICAL. 

Table of Battles of the Revolution, giving the dates and places of 
engagement, the commanding officer on each side, numbers en- 
gaged, and loss 139 

Our Navy during the Revolutionary War 140 

Slave Population of tlie Colonies, 1715 143 

Slave Population of the U. S. in 1860 143 

War of 1812 ; list of battles, with date and place of engagement, 

commanding officers on each side, number engaged, and loss 165 

Naval Battles of the War of 1812, with date, where fought, com- 
manding officers, loss, etc ; 166 

List of Battles of the Mexican War, with dates and places, com- 

mandiug officers, loss, etc 197 



CONTENTS. 9 

PAGE. 

PopnJation of U. S., Census at each decade ... 278 

1870 Census of 100 largest cities 279 

List of principal Treaties of the U.S 296 

Table showing the Number of Troops furnished by each State dur- 
ing the Rebellion 321 

Table showing the number of men called into service, 1861-65 324 

Provost Marshal General's Report of the Killed and Wounded dur- 
ing the Rebellion 357 

Statistics of Emigrants arriving in U. S 372 

Number of Patents issued each year since 1791, with the number of 
Patents granted to each mechanical device, for example : 2,295 
patents have been granted for Sewing Machines and Attach- 
ments, etc 374 

Post Offices and miles of Post Roads at each decade 376 

Table of Popular and Electoral Vote for each President 377 

A Ready Reference Perpetual Calendar 378 

List of 600 Battles of the Rebellion, with dates and place of engage- 
ment, commanding officers, and loss on each side 394 

List of 1,400 vessels captured in violation of the Blockade. 433 

List of 300 vessels destroyed by Confederate Privateers during the 

Civil War 466 

Congressional apportionment for each State 475 

The Vote, by States, for President, 1860, '64, '68, and '72 476 

FINANCIAL. 

The Expenses of the Government for each year, from 1791 to the 

present time 144 

The National Debt for each year since 1791 144 

The Exports and Imports of the U. S. for each year since 1791 144 

The Debts of twenty leading Foreign Nations as compared with that 

of the U. S 371 

Annual Receipts and Expenditures of the Patent Office 373 

The Postal Revenue and Expenses of the U. S. for each decade since 
1791 376 

POLITICAL. 

Electoral Vote for President and Vice-President, 1st and 2nd term of 
the first (Washington's) Administration 147 

The Party Candidates and Electoral Vote of each of the 2d (Adam's) 
Administration 152 

The same of the od (Jefferson's) Administration 156 

" " 4th (Madison's) " 161 

" " 5th (Monroe's) " 169 

The party Candidates, Popular and Electoral Vote of each for Presi- 
dent and Vice-President of the 6th (J. Q. Adams') Administration 175 

The same of the 7th (Jackson's) Administration 179 

" 8th (Van Buren's) " . 185 

" " 9th (Harrison and Tyler's) Administration 190 

" " 10th (Polk's) Administration 195 

" " 11th (Taylor and Fillmore's) Administration 200 

" " 12th (Pierce's) Administration 204 

" " 13th (Buchanan's) Administration 208 

" " 14th (Lincoln and Johnson's) Administration 214 

" " 15th (Grant's) Administration 122 

Appendix giving Political matter pertaining to the Campaign of 1876. 479 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



On the 2 2d of February, 1732, or, as it was then des- 
ignated, the 11th of February, in a small, 

Birth ofWash- but comfortable farm-house on the shore 
ington. 

of the Potomac, in the county of West- 
moreland, Virginia, was born the oldest child of 
Mary and Augustine Washington. 

Little did the parents imagine that the name 
which they should select for this boy would become 
celebrated in history, oratory, and poetry, and be a 
household word in many lands and in many lan- 
guages. There was nothing in the outward appear- 
ance to indicate such a glory. The Washingtons 
were, indeed, a respectable family of the English 
aristocracy. The great-grandfather of the little boy 
was an English knight, who, however, made no use 
of his title after coming to the wilds of Virginia. 
They possessed large estates and a plenty of servants, 
and commanded all the comforts that could well be 
secured in the new province so far away from the 



12 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

centres of civilized life. But there was no prospect 
that this little American infant would inherit a title 
of nobility, and the prophecy of his achieving a dis- 
tinction that should leap over national boundaries, 
and command the eulogies of the best minds in all 
countries, would have been regarded as the foolish 
fancying of a necromancer unworthy of a moment's 
hearing. 

But at this time there was a notable American who 

was soon to be regarded as the foremost 
Benjamin philosopher of his generation, Benjamin 

Franklin. Already he had struggled up 
through great difficulties and made himself an ac- 
complished scholar. His " Poor Richard's Almanac " 
was in thousands of homes. He was improving the 
fire department and the government of Philadelphia. 
He was planning for the foundation of a university. 
He was just about to enter upon some investigations 
of that mysterious force which attracts light bodies 
to amber and glass when rubbed, then repels them, 
and was soon to succeed in quietly drawing down 
Jove's thunderbolt from heaven, and thus write his 
name in the sky, to be read of all men. But the little 
infant, whom we have left, as yet unnamed, knew 
nothing of all that. Like other babies, he was pass- 
ing through the first of the Seven Ages of man : 
'* Mewling and puking in his nurse's arms.** 



AMERICAN FBOGBESS. 13 

We leave him there for the present, and will take 
^^ ^ a rapid survey, first of the shadowy un- 
xviiiuf organized land or lands subsequently to 
become the United States of America, and 
then glance at Europe, where the influence of this 
young Washington and his associates will yet be al- 
most as great as in their own land. North America 
at that time did exist. It had been lifted from the 
ocean, but for want of the woodman's axe and the 
shovel, directed by the engineer, a much larger part 
of it, than no^, was an unbroken wilderness. It was 
an almost impenetrable forest. Wild beasts roamed 
over the most of it, occasionally chased by a few 
straggling Indians, who divided their time between 
hunting the beasts and hunting each other. The 
French held what there was then of Canada and 
Michigan, and also Louisiana at the mouth of the 
Mississippi, and claimed the whole of that river, and 
all west of it, although no one knew how much or 
what was the nature of the territory claimed. Flor- 
ida was held by the Spaniards. South America had 
a larger population of European origin than North 
America. Mexico was stronger than New York. 

The English flag floated over thirteen surviving 
North-American colonies, several having already per- 
ished, and all of the thirteen having been more 
than once on the verge of extinction. All New Eng- 



14 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

land, embracing the four colonies, Massachusetts, 
New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut had 
about 375,000 inhabitants ; New York had only 
100,000, a majority of whom were Dutch ; Pennsyl- 
vania 250,000; all the rest about 300,000; all 
together had about one million, — less than the popu- 
lation now of New York city alone ; less than one 
twentieth of the population of the United States one 
hundred years later ; less than one fortieth of the 
population of the United States in the centennial 
year of their history, 1876. America, was then con- 
temptible in the eyes of the world. Glowing pic- 
tures of its future greatness were sometimes im- 
agined, but in present resources it was too feeble to 
tempt the robber or even the tax-gatherer. The col- 
lection of any revenue from America would have cost 
more than the income. Had it been a nation it would 
have held about the same rank among the nations as 
Greenland, Iceland or the Sandwich Islands to-day. 
The one million of people in the thirteen colonies 
Avere gathered into a few villages, or scat- 
the pioneer tered in rural settlements along the ocean 

Americans. 

shore, widely separated. The colonies 
were not even connected by passable roads. Glance at 
them ! There are no regular postal or mail arrange- 
ments. It were a voyage longer and more perilous 
to go from Massachusetts to Georgia, than now to 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 15 

circumnavigate the globe ! Wild beasts roam over 
most of the great region afterwards to be known as 
the State of New York. There are onl}^ three col- 
leges in America, and these not equal to a modern 
village high school. There is not a school in all the 
thirteen colonies where a girl can receive a good 
English education. There is not a machine factory 
in America superior to a country blacksmith's shop. 
Foreign commerce is almost unknown. Coasting 
commerce is trivial. There are no woollen mills. 
The cotton plant is not yet cultivated in America, 
and cotton cloth is almost as expensive as silk — and 
both are practically unknown. The little paper used 
is brought from England. There are only six news- 
papers published in all North America. The whole 
number of subscribers for the six is probably not 
more than twelve thousand. The men are mostly 
clad in linsey-woolsey, spun and woven by their 
wives and mothers, dyed with different colors ex- 
tracted from the leaves and roots of certain vegeta- 
bles found in the forest, and the women are largely 
clad in the same material ; and every family has a 
dye pot, as common as a water pail. Many families 
partake of their daily mush or Indian pudding out 
of one common dish in the centre of the table. What 
few dishes they have are wooden or pewter. The 
ploughs are wooden. Shovels and hoes, heavy and 



16 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

scanty, are all the other agricultural implements. 
The men have flint-lock muskets to hunt with, which 
act so slowly that a wild duck has time to dive and 
dodge the shot after hearing the click of the lock. 
Wheeled vehicles are scarce, and the wheels are 
solid, sawn from the end of logs. Log houses are the 
common habitations. The Indians are about as 
numerous as the whites. 

But if we look at this people more carefully, we 
shall find some gleams of light that startle 
peopie.^^' us with their flashing promise of brillian- 
cy, if only this diamond can be freed with- 
out breaking from the rough coating about it. " Of 
what use," inquired a blockhead, sometimes called a 
practical man, of Franklin, " is your new discovery ? " 
" Of what use," said Franklin in reply, " is a new 
born baby ? " The American colonies were then a 
babe. Born in the wilderness, to be strengthened by 
toil, if by a favoring Providence it survives the dan- 
gers of infancy. These Americans were then an an- 
omaly in the world. In all history there had never 
been a phenomenon like this. The world was never 
prepared before for such a growth. 

Rome was founded in like manner, but Romulus 
and Remus, fabled to have been suckled by a wolf, 
and their companions, were pagan fugitives from 
justice, and not Christians, desiring liberty to worship 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 17 

and obey God according to their own sense of right. 
Greece had been settled by adventurers, but both 
Greek and Roman pioneers hastened to declare them- 
selves masters and to reduce to slavery the large 
mass of the population around them. These early 
Americans were free simply because they were neg- 
lected. The mother country seldom interfered with 
them, usually for injury, never for protection or ben- 
efit. Some of the colonies chose their own governors 
and all their magistrates ; others were partially gov- 
erned or embarrassed by foreign officers. They reg- 
ulated their own churches. They made their own 
internal improvements. They established their own 
schools. They imposed taxes upon themselves. 
They were the outgrowth of the most advanced par- 
ties in Europe. They had inherited the thought and 
culture of ages. They were sifted out of England 
and other nations to try an experiment on a virgin 
soil. They had left the privileged classes, the aris- 
tocracy, behind. They were a band of workingmen, 
with well educated. Christian leaders. 

By consequence they were disciplined. They were 
educated. They were democratic republicans. They 
never had a real war with each other. Some little 
disputes arose, but the magistrates and ministers 
usually settled these without bloodshed. They were 
compelled to fight often with the wily savages around 

2 



18 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

them. The mother country forced them into a war 
with their sister French colonies, but they had no 
heart for it, and had the dispute been left to those 
who lived on this continent, it would have been set- 
tled without bloodshed. They were at that very 
time, though poor, yet the freest people in the 
world. 

Let us leave there the infant Washington to grow 
up amid the peculiar strifes and ambitions and toils 
of the little colony of less than a hundred thousand 
people a while longer, and now extend a glance over 
the continent of Europe. 

At this time, from 1732, Washington's birth year, 

to 1776, the great American Republic's 

in°Eu?op^!^^^ birth year, there was no great Republic 

on the soil of Europe, or nation, in 

which the whole people governed themselves. 

Switzerland had a population of about one million 
mountaineers, like the North American Indians, di- 
vided into about twenty tribes, partially confeder- 
ated, often at war with each other, consisting o± 
nobles and peasantry, the people not voters — and 
only a republic in the sense that it was not a mon- 
archy. It is now a republic, and some historians 
falsely say it was then a republic. 

The little republic of Andorra, now so-called, was 
about equal to an average American township, and 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 19 

was really an aristocracy ; while San Marino was 
another little township, governed by a self-elected 
council, who held office for life. 

All the rest of the continent of Europe — practi- 
cally all of Europe — was divided into hos- 
Em-opean ^j^^^ nations, over each of which presided 
a monarch. The nobles had some privi- 
leges ; the people were practically slaves. The great 
business of the men of Europe was to fight. They 
fought, and then rested long enough to take breath, 
and to let a new crop of boys grow up to be soldiers, 
and then fought again. Well might Hobbes, the ec- 
centric English philosopher, picture human society 
as a huge leviathan, and promulgate the theory that 
the natural state of man is war. The monarchs were 
contending with the nobles, and every nation with 
every other nation. Treaties broke like rotten 
withes. The promises of a prince were empty air. 
Diplomacy was synonymous with deception. Talley- 
rand's maxim was but an embodiment of actual prac- 
tice : " The great object of speech is to conceal 
thought." Macchiavelli was the most popular politi- 
cal authority, whose book, entitled " The Prince," is 
such an awful embodiment of diabolism that men 
of the XlXth century are inclined to regard it as 
ironical, but in that age princes subscribed to it as 
true. One of his maxims was : " Providence is 



20 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

always favorable to the powerful, who possess 
neither shame nor conscience, and withholds its 
protection from the weak" " Might makes right " 
was the law of European monarchs. Especially in 
the XVIIIth century despotism touched bottom in 
Europe. It was equally base with ancient Roman 
and later Oriental tyranny. 

The late invention of the art of printing, the 
gradual increase of the relative number of readers, 
the discussion of religious questions in which an ap- 
peal was made to the Bible, did, however, gradually 
put the despots on the defensive, and tended to 
arouse a growing active party, who were inclined, in 
the disputes between the monarchs and the nobles, 
to make the best terms possible with one or the 
other, and so a new and strange contest for liberty 
arose. In the meantime, in many nations the prisons 
were full, and the most of the prisoners died of jail 
fever. In Russia, nine-tenths of the people were 
slaves ; in Denmark and Germany, and Prussia and 
Austria, and Italy and Spain, and France, it was but 
little better. Nor were these slaves well cared for. 
Their food was coarse and scanty ; their comforts 
embraced but little above the common animal grati- 
fications ; and the average length of life was not two- 
thirds as great as it is now in England and the 
United States. 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 21 

To this dark picture England formed the greatest 
exception. Though corruption prevailed 
Eiu:ope.^ ^^ in her politics ; though she was then use- 
lessly laying the foundation of her great 
national debt ; though her Parliament was but an 
imperfect representation of the public opinion ; yet 
speech was more free, law was more impartial, reli- 
gion was less restrained, and the government was 
more sensitive to the wishes of all classes of the peo- 
ple, than in any other great nation. She was then, 
as always, the freest nation in Europe — ^but very far 
behind what she is to-day. Now, how many centu- 
ries will roll away before right shall triumph over 
wrong, the divine right of tyrants shall be denied, the 
serfs of Russia shall be emancipated, the monarchies 
shall be shaken, written constitutions shall be wrested 
from the monarchs, and some of the largest nations of 
Europe shall be republics ? But for America this could 
not have been accomplished in five hundred years, 
perhaps never. But under the leadership of America 
it was to be accomplished in one hundred years, and 
the greatest name in all this stupendous revolution 
was to be the name given to that infant born in a 
Virginia farm-house in 1732, Geokge Washingtoit. 

Once more, then, let us return to him, and see 
how wonderfully Providence prepared a man for 
so stupendous a work. Of the childhood and youth 



22 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of Washington little is known. Every American 
«^M.^ :. :, hoy has heard the story of the hatchet 

Childhood and «^ ^ 

WasMngtoif. ^^^ ^^"^^ cherry tree, which by some is 
supposed to be a lie told in the interest of 
truth, reminding us of Mark Twain's interesting re- 
mark that in one respect he was superior to George 
Washington. Washington could not tell a lie, — but, 
said Twain, " I can, but won't I " In that he half 
represents nearly all Americans. "They can," but 
we fear, like Twain, would tell the greatest lie when 
they say " I won't." 

Washington was, however, truthful, bold, modest, 
chaste, temperate. His whole life, after he became 
a conspicuous object to the people, was never stained 
by a known immorality. It has been said of him 
traditionally that in two instances he swore vigor- 
ously, both times on the battle field, and Wendell 
Phillips expresses his gratification that Washington 
showed the common frailty of human nature in this 
way. Edward Everett, however, examines all the 
evidences and circumstances of the traditions, and 
pronounces the traditions unreasonable and untrue. 
It would seem strange that a man not accustomed to 
profanity should begin to practise it under such dif- 
ficult circumstances, but even if he had cursed some, 
we agree with Phillips in excusing him, but do not 
regard it as a wrong. It would not detract from our 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. .23 

estimation of the man, for if ever a man could ever 
use properly strong Scriptural language in the full 
sense of the words, it would be when a battle was 
about to be lost by the cowardice or imbecility of an 
under officer. Still we doubt if Washington, even in 
such a temptation, swore. He was undoubtedly a 
man capable of wrath, and would have been a feeble 
man without it. But in a time of wrath he probably 
spoke as he was accustomed at other times to do. 
His education was accurate, but not extensive. He 
did not go to William and Mary College, the only 
one in the colony, probably because his father not 
living, he was needed at home, and he had good pri- 
vate tutors fully equal to the faculty of that young 
college. He had the advantage of the society of his 
uncle, a graduate of Oxford, and he gives evidence 
of having studied the English language carefully, 
and so much of mathematics as to make him an 
accomplished practical surveyor. 

At the early age of thirteen he had written out a 
series of rules on the conduct and character of a 
gentleman, and to this day it is not known whether 
they were original or compiled. In either case they 
show remarkable accuracy and forethought. Indeed, 
his system and adherence to strict propriety amounted 
to genius in that respect ; in that respect it was evi- 
dently supernormal. 



24 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Three of the years that he might have spent in 
college he spent under equally severe discipline in 
the fields as a surveyor, keeping accurate notes of his 
work, and writing a journal of his proceedings. As 
soon as he arrived at manhood he had some severe 
discipline as a military officer against the Indians 
and the French, all of which we pass by, supposing 
that Americans are familiar with the story. 

Who has not heard of the Indian chief who met 
him after he had become famous, but before he was 
President, and exclaiming : " The Great Spirit must 
have saved you ! Three times I and my men aimed 
directly at your heart and fired, but the balls were 
turned aside." 

Washington, after attaining his majority, was 
elected and several times reelected to the Leg^islature 
of Virginia, till the American revolution broke out, 
and thus enjoyed the advantages of legislative edu- 
cation, than which we know of nothing better 
calculated to drill and develope a man's mental 
powers, especially if he be studious and industrious. 
In this way Washington obtained a thorough educa- 
tion. 

The great story of the American revolution can- 

The American ^^°* ^® condensed into a paragraph. 
Revolution, j^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ colonies demurred at be- 
ing required to give up their ancient privileges •, 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 25 

how they remonstrated at paying taxes to the mother 
country without being represented in her councils ; 
how calmly they protested ; how they insisted upon 
it that they desired only their ancient liberties, 
nothing additional, nothing new, and not separation 
from the old country ; how, finally, they were driven 
to arms by the rebellion of England, not by their 
own rebellion ; how, then, hired soldiers from other 
lands were sent to drive them into submission ; how 
they called upon Washington to be their commander ; 
and how reluctantly he accepted the post ; but how 
wonderfully he persevered for seven long years, the 
very embodiment of cool and unflinching energy ; 
and how, finally, the British arms being humbled 
and the greater part of their forces being annihilated, 
the wishes of the most liberal minority of her people 
were regarded, and America was declared indepen- 
dent, we shall not further describe. 

America had by this time nearly three million of 
people, but at the close of the war their 

Condition of , , , i n i j^ 

America after movable property was nearly all destroy- 
the Revolution. r r j j j 

ed, nearly every family had lost a member 
in battle, in many families all the men had perished, 
the different colonies were loaded with debts that it 
seemed thej^ could never pay ; the soldiers went 
home half-clad and with only paper money in their 
pockets, which was soon not worth five cents on a 



26 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

dollar ; and to complete their sorrows, not yet con- 
solidated into a nation, but dissevered, and perhaps 
soon to be discordant states, without even a common 
dependence or a common government to hold them 
together. 

When the noble fifty-six signed the Declaration of 
Independence, one of them who sat next to Franklin 
turned to him and said : " Mr. Franklin, we must 
hang together now." " Yes, " said Franklin, we 
must hang together, or we will hang separately ! " 
It seemed after the Revolutionary war that the states 
who had so nobly hung together during the war, 
were doomed to hang separately in the time of peace. 
We doubt whether an eminent statesman in Europe 
then thought it possible that these struggling states, 
notwithstanding England had withdrawn its forces, 
would ever crystallize into a nation ; or if so it would 
be a monarchy. Indeed Washington was besought 
to declare himseltla dictator and assume the place of 
a king. The army was ready to obey him. The 
offer was deliberately and formerly made. 

Here was exhibited that trait of character in Wash- 
ington which has most astonished the 

"Washington ^ , i i • i i 

refused to worid, and which has seemed to some al- 
ba King. 

most supernatural and has placed the name 
of Washington highest on the roll of fame. Washing- 
ton refused to be a monarch! Not from fear of 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 27 

trouble ; not from a want of the appreciation of the 

luxury of power, but from pure principle. In this 

he was the highest and noblest embodiment of the 

true American idea. 

In perfect keeping with this same principle, he was 

reluctant to be President when the Con- 
Refused a third ,., ,. i j i i ^ na 
term of the stitution was adopted and such an omcer 

Presidency. 

was required. He was more reluctant 

to serve the second four years, and no amount 
of solicitation could induce him to serve a third term. 
This example is ten fold more sacred than any words 
in the written Constitution ! He was American 
enough to perceive that the nation that can select 
only one man for its chief officer, is not a true Repub- 
lic, and he gracefully retired to private life. So let 
it be forever with all our Presidents. At this time 
he was the most honored man in the world. But 
had he been President for life, his name would have 
sunk to a level with ordinary successful chiefs. His 
name is now known not only in America and Europe, 
but throughout the vast empires of the Orient and in 
the wilderness of Africa. The public opinion of the 
world has been well summed up by one of England's 
most eloquent orators. Lord Brougham, in these 
words : 

" This is the consummate glory of Washington ; 
a triumphant warrior, where the most sanguine had 



28 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

a right to despair; a successful ruler in all the diffi- 
culties of a course wholly untried : but 

Lord Broug- 

on^a^MiS ^ warrior whose sword only left its sheath 
°^* when the first law of our nature command- 

ed it to be drawn ; and a ruler who, having tasted 
of supreme power, gently and unostentatiously de- 
sired that the cup might pass from him, nor would 
suffer more to wet his lips than the most solemn and 
sacred duty to his country and his God required." 
" It will be the duty of the Historian and the Sage 
in all ages to let no occasion pass of commemorating 
this illustrious man ; and until time shall be no more, 
a test of the progress our race has made in wisdom 
and virtue will be derived from the veneration paid 
to the immortal name of Washington." 

What a tribute is this for one of England's most 
celebrated statesmen to pay to the leader of the na- 
tion that won its independence of England by arms ! 

If now it be asked what renders Washington so 
great, much discrimination is needed to frame a re- 

Intellectually he was not preeminent. He was care- 
ful, methodical, accurate in his observa- 
ciiaractS\°^ ^ tion of men and things, and familiarized 
himself with the sources of power in the 
kinds of employments to which he was called. He 
was a skilful farmer, perhaps the best at that time in 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 29 

America. He was a shrewd legislator, especially in 
the committee room. He was decided in his con- 
victions, but courteous in their enforcement. His 
letters and state papers show a correctness of expres- 
sion, characteristic of an accurate thinker. 

As a military officer, though sometimes defeated, 
and seldom winning decisive victories, he confessedly 
displayed wonderful power in organizing his forces, 
small or large, and in baffling the purposes of the 
enemy. 

But his chief excellences were rather moral than 
intellectual. His transparent integrity, his self-ab- 
negation, his unyielding firmness, his conciliatory 
manner, his power to select good advisers, and to re- 
pel the turbulent and ambitious, showed him fit- 
ted by Providence to fulfil the demands of America 
in the most momentous hour of her destiny. He 
stands alone, the most conspicuous and the most 
honored leader of the XVIHth century, and unsur- 
passed in any century or any nation of the world. 

And yet it is possible to regard Washington idola- 

trously and foolishly and most unworthily 

should not be for an American. Washing-ton's ffreat 
■worshipped. _ _ . 

mission was to lead a revolution which 

was to break down the foolish practice of man-wor- 
ship, which culminates in voluntary submission to 
despotism. We dishonor him most when we worship 



30 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

him or unduly clothe him with a splendor woven by 
our own fancy. Washington did not make this 
country, nor alone did he save it. He performed his 
part, a noble part, but others also did theirs. We 
are not the worthy citizens of a republic if we wor- 
ship Washington. 

It should be remembered that our Revolutionary 
War was not a rebellion on our part, but 

should wor- a war to maintain old privilep^es, and if a 
ship only God. ^ 

rebellion at all, it was on the part of Eng- 
land. England it was that broke the compact. 
Freedom was planted here in the early part of the 
XVIIth century. Washington was not the first to 
rise in defence of endangered liberties. Others arose 
and debated and pleaded and finally called upon him 
to be the military leader in defence of ancient rights. 
Others did the legislation and furnished the sinews 
of war and aided in the actual contest. Others 
framed the Constitution and organized the nation, 
he, indeed, giving them the aid of his counsel 
and influence. It was America that conquered and 
rose before the world in her majesty — not Washing- 
ton. He was too honest to claim more than belonged 
to him, and we honor him most when we accord to 
him all, and only all, of his high desert. 

A great modern statesman has said that we should 
do better to imitate the patriotic fathers than to 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 31 

eulogize them. Imitate their good qualities indeed 
we should, but the greatest incentive to imitation is 
healthy commendation ; indiscriminate eulogy and 
fulsome flattery are both characteristic of weakness 
and senility, but a clear admiration of the good 
stimulates to like goodness. There have been and 
are many Americans as pure and patriotic as Wash- 
ington, Franklin, and Otis, and Henry and Lee, the 
Adamses, Jeiferson, Jackson, Taylor and Lincoln, and 
many who have acted as judges and legislators, and 
thousands not permitted to make their names familiar 
as household words, have been as devoted to justice 
and liberty as he. His greatest glory is that he is the 
best and finest impersonation of the typical American 
idea of manhood ! 

His day was not free from contentions and party 
spirit, and corruption and selfishness and the neces- 
sary resistance to evil. Nor is our day free from 
these ; but now, as then, right is triumphing over 
wrong, and hope rather than despair takes the helm 
of State. 

Happy was it for the world that when this conti- 
nent was opened to civilized men, a people were 
ready to be organized out of the leading nations of 
Europe, not to respect the failures of the past, but to 
embody in concrete form the ripest results of States- 
manship and Christianity. Crudely it may be, feebly, 



32 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

and to some extent falsely, the experiment began ; 
but the good predominated over the evil, and the re- 
sult was a new growth. There was never a Republic 
in the modern sense before. Greece was an aristocracy 
or bundle of aristocracies, — the great mass of the 
people of the same color and race being slaves. Rome 
and the republics of mediaeval times were simply free 
cities governed by aristocracies. America is a con- 
federation of republics into one sovereign Republic. 
It could not have been born till Christianity had 
raised up a proper people. 

It has now completed the first century after its 
consolidation, actually it has had a history of more 
than two centuries and a half, for there has never 
been anything but a republican form of government 
among the whites of North America. During the 
whole of these two centuries and a half it has had 
but one foreign war for conquest, and then gracefully 
gave up the most it had won, and has never been 
overcome in any contest. 

In this century Great Britain has had eight for- 
eign wars, France nine, Russia thirteen, 
European q ^ 5 ? 

Sw^stnonePi'^ssia six, and all the great nations of 
^ ^^^" Europe about as many, the United States 
of America has had only two. The most of the 
States of Europe have been engaged in foreign war 
from twenty to fifty years in this century; the United 



AMERICAN PROGRKSS. S3 

States only six years. Every nation in Europe has 
been defeated at least once in this century and lost 
territory by war, the United States has never been 
defeated and never lost territory by war or in any 
other way. She has gained, mostly by purchase, far 
more than half of the territory over which her flag 
now floats. All the nations of Europe have had re- 
bellions during this last hundred years, some as 
many as eight or nine; — the United States has, 
indeed had one, — a stupendous rebellion, which per- 
haps could not have been avoided, but the result of 
which is to enlarge the domain of freedom and to 
demonstrate that the strongest of all governments is 
that which but expresses the will of the people. 

Riots are comparatively unknown, revolutions are 
not attempted ; there is nothing to flght for when all 
imaginary improvements may be tested constitution- 
ally so soon as a respectably large portion of the peo- 
ple desire the experiment. 

We do not deny that there are many evils among 
us, — but we do deny that the form of gov- 

vice Reform emment is responsible for them. They 
needed. 

are the evils of ignorance, of intemper- 
ance, of licentiousness, of a greed for wealth and 
honor, — all of which exist in all nations, whatever 
the form of government. Republicanism, resting on 

the choice of the people, tends to develop responsi- 

3 



34 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

bility and self-control and ability to contend against 
these evils. Americans have been nearly over-flooded 
with immigrants who have been attracted to the 
plenty and license of the land. Many of the evils of 
assimilation are temporary. Free speech and party 
spirit, as when some liquids are purified by boiling, 
bring all the corruption to the surface. Those who 
only look at the outside are appalled at the appear- 
ance. Some evils have so sweet a taste that it is 
hard to give them up — like our present system of ap- 
pointing the incumbents of many civil offices, but a 
Civil Service Reform will yet prevail. 

Education and art are not cultivated as rapidly 
and as thoroughly as their devotees desire, but where 
on the round earth to-day more than in America? 
Religious teachers are sometimes discouraged, but 
where are they more respectfully listened to than 
here ? And can they not see that compulsory reli- 
gion is not religion, compulsory morality is immor- 
ality? God himself seems to ask nothing higher and 
better than the impartial presentation of good and 
evil, and then let men choose and receive the conse- 
quences I This is the quintessence of freedom ! This 
is the central idea of Republicanism. 

Let then the celebration of this centennial of the 
great republic deepen our faith in liberty, and inten- 
sify our devotion to the common welfare of man. 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 35 

Julius Csesar, at the head of conquering hosts car- 
ried the Roman eagle to far off lands, 
w^iL^Napc?" writing a glowing history of his own ex- 

leon, and . i t t^ i . 

Washington ploits, and returning, crossed the Rubicon? 
compared. 

planted his victorious standards on their 

native soil, and debauched his country's liberty, and 
when the crown was offered him by his foolish flat- 
terers would not decidedly resist the temptation, and 
justly fell, stabbed by the desperate defenders of 
their country's rights. Cromwell relieved his country 
of despotism, but dispersed a Parliament, made him- 
self a perpetual Protector or despot, and sought to 
transmit his power to an imbecile son. Napoleon, in 
spite of the example of Washington, having astonished 
the world by supernatural military and executive 
genius, vainly endeavored to resist the envious com- 
bination of abler despotisms against his new empire, 
and justly fell, and ended his days in exile. But Wash- 
ington alone resisted the seductive temptation of ab- 
solutism, appreciating the rights of a people, carried 
out the teaching of the highest authority: "He that 
loseth his life for my sake " for the sake of truth and 
right, shall find it. 

He has found it. Highest on the pyramid of fame 
his name is chiselled, by his grateful countrymen, 
and confirmed by universal applause; and a century 
hence, yes, a thousand centuries hence, no name will 
be found above the name of Washington. 



36 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

A century's experiment of a free government, con- 
firms the wisdom of the founders of the Republic, 
and sets at naught the j)i^edictions of its founders ; 
having emerged from every struggle with a record 
untarnished, and won the confidence and respect of 
the civilized world. 

In growth, we may say unparalleled, its population 
at the organization of the government in 1789, was 
3,929,827. By the census of 1870, it had increased 
to 38,547,229. 

Our territorial area has increased since the nation's 
birth from thirteen original states, bordering on the 
Atlantic, embracing 815,615 square miles, until it 
has spanned the Continent, forming a mighty Re- 
public from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and now 
embraces thirty-eight states and ten territories, with 
an area of 3,678,392 square miles, and includes terri- 
tory formerly belonging to the dominions of England, 
France, Spain, Sweden, Holland, and Russia. 

Equally rapid strides have been made in extending 
our commercial relations at home and abroad. The 
first successful application of steam to navigation in 
1807, has so multiplied that palatial steamers may 
be seen upon every important river and bay. The 
first steamer to make the trans-Atlantic voyage was 
in 1819, and they are now numbered by hundreds. 

The commerce of the United States stands second 
among the nations of the world. Our imports in 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 37 

1870 reached upwards of $315,000,000, and exports for 
the same year amounted to more than 1^254,000,000. 

The first steam railway went into operation in 
1827, and have since extended their lines until they 
span the continent from shore to shore with a total 
length of 72,623 miles. The electric telegraph was 
first introduced in 1844, and there are now 75,187 
miles in use. 

The resources of the country in agricultural pro- 
ducts, and the mechanical arts, stimulated by the in- 
ventive talent and genius of its people, have wonder- 
fully developed. 

In referring to the inventive genius of America, 
Mr. Charles Reade, a writer of whom England may 
be justly proud, says : " Europe teems with the 
material products of American genius. American 
patents print English newspapers, and sew English- 
men's shirts. A Briton goes to his work by Ameri- 
can clocks, and is warmed by American stoves. . . . 
In a word, America is the leading nation in all 
matters of material invention and construction, and 
no other nation rivals or approaches her." 

In 1836, Congress authorized the appointment of 
a Commissioner of Patents, which with one assistant 
was all the help necessary to meet the requirements 
of the Patent Ofiice. Now a force of nearly 400 are 
employed, and issue nearly 20,000 patents annually, 
while the accumulation of models is so great as to 



38 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

demand for their accommodation one of the largest 
public buildings in the world. 

We may justly point with pride to our educational, 
religious, charitable, and humane institutions. It is 
not the design of this article to enter into details, 
and while we recapitulate some of these great 
triumphs in the past, we are not content much of the 
time to look backward. America is still one of the 
youngest nations of the world. We have no fellow- 
ship with those countries whose chief glory is ex- 
humed from the ruins of centuries and milleniums 
that are past. Our motto is Onward ! We welcome 
other nations that are rapidly adopting our principles 
of popular liberty, public education and political 
equality. We bid them welcome to the peaceful 
contest for the highest honors of the centuries to 
come. 

The past is secure. What shall be the future? 
In 1976 the custom of hereditary office holding will 
be obsolete, and all civilized nations will be practi- 
cally republics. All will be confederated, and wars 
will be infrequent. Temptations to crime will be 
lessened, but criminals will be more surely if less 
severely punished. The English language will pre- 
vail over all North America, as well as in other large 
portions of the world. Many new editions of this 
book, or of others of the same kind, will have been 
published; and there will even then, as now, be 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 39 

croakers complaining that the present days are not 
as good as the former, and also men of faith and hope 
and enthusiasm, looking for better days to come. 
Read, then, and be happy, for intelligence is an es- 
sential element of genuine American citizenship. 

E. O. H. 



40 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 41 

IMPORTANT EVENTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY 

PRIOR TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES 
GOVERNMENT. 

860 Iceland discovered by Noddod, an adventurous 

Northman, by accident, and called it Snowland. 
864 Flokko attempts to plant a colony on the island (Ice- 
land) : he returns to Norway, after spending the win- 
ter and spring, and pronounces it unfit for habitation. 
874 Iceland settled by a colony from Norway under Earl 
Ingloff, who sought refuge from tyranny at home. 
985 Greenland discovered by Bjarni Herjulf of Norway. 
1000 Newfoundland and Nova Scotia discovered by Leif. 
1002 The Northman, Thorvald, sails for America. 
1170 The Welsh claim the discovery of America by Madog. 
1380 Nicolo Zei-o, a Venetian, sails for America. 
1492 Oct. 12. Christopher Columbus discovered America. 

1497 July 3. Labrador discovered by John and Sebas- 

tian Cabot. 

1498 Coast of North America explored by Sebastian 

Cabot. 

1499 Amerigo Vespucci visited South America. 

1504 Amerigo Vespucci's narration of discovery published. 
1507 The Western Continent first named America. 
1512 April 6. Juan Ponce de Leon discovered Florida. 
1519 The Gulf of Mexico explored by Francis de Garay. 

1521 Fernando Cortez conquered Mexico. 

1522 Magellen makes the first voyage round the world. 
1534 June. Jaques Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence 

River. 
1541 De Soto discovered the Mississippi River. 
1365 Sept. 18. The Spaniards settled St. Augustine, 

Florida. 
1602 May 24. Bartholomew Gosnold discovered Cape Cod. 



42 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1605 The French settled Port Royal, Nova Scotia. 

1607 May 23. The English settled Jamestown, Virginia. 

1608 July 3. The French under Champlain settled Quebec. 

1609 Sept. 21. Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson 

River. 
1614 The Dutch settled New York. 
1616 Tobacco first cultivated in Virginia. 
1620 Aug. Negro slavery commenced in the English 

Colonies, at Jamestown, Va. 

Dec. 21. Massachusetts settled at Plymouth. 

1622 April 1. First Indian massacre in Virginia. 

1623 New Hampshire settled at Dover. 

1633 Oct. Connecticut settled at Windsor. 

1634 April 6. Maryland settled at St. Mary's. 

1636 Rhode Island settled at Providence by Roger 

Williams. 

Harvard College founded. 

1637 The Pequod War. — Caused by the murderous 

depredations of this tribe against the Colonists of 
Connecticut. They were totally defeated, and 
those not slain were sold into captivity or joined 
other tribes. 

1638 April. Delaware settled near Wilmington by Swedes. 
1664 Sept. 8. New York became an English Province. 
. New Jersey settled at Elizabethtown. 

1675 July 4. King Phillip's ^A/'ar commenced. — 

Caused by a combination of the New England 
tribes of Indians, with a view to exterminate the 
Whites. The most shocking barbarities were 
perpetrated until the death of their leader — 
Philip — by one of his own tribe in 1676. 

1676 Bacon's Rebellion. — Caused by the tyranny of 

Governor Berkeley, of Va., and his refusal to 
protect the lives and property of the Colonists 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 43 

from the Indian depredations. Public indignation 
was aroused, and, led by Nathaniel Bacon, were 
successful in securing the ends sought. 

1680 Charlestown settled. 

1682 Pennsylvania settled at Philadelphia. 

Aug. 31. Delaware granted to Wm. Penn by the 

Duke of York. 

1686- Dec. 30. Andros arrived at Boston as Governor of 
New England. 

1689 July 7. King William's War commenced. — 

Cause. — Upon the ascension of William and Mary 
to the throne of England, the Protestants of Mary- 
land demanded the Colonial management of the 
Territory. The Roman Catholics, after repeated 
struggles, were overthrown in the province which 
they had planted, and the Established Church of 
England became the religion of the province in 
1692. 

1690 Feb. 8. Schenectady burned by French and Indians. 
1692 " Salem Witchcraft." 

1697 Sept. 20. Close of King William's War, by the 
" Treaty of Eyswick." 

1702 Queen Anne's War commenced. — Cause — 
Spain was in alliance with France against Eng- 
land. The troubles between England and Spain 
induced hostilities between the English Colony of 
South Carolina and the Spanish Province of Flor- 
ida. The English were victorious and gained 
possession of the territory by the treaty of Utrecht 
in 1713. 

1710 Oct. 13. Port Royal, Nova Scotia, taken by the 
English. 

1732 Feb. 22. Washington born in Westmoreland Coun- 
ty, Virginia. 



44 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1741 " The Negro Plot " in New York. 

1744 King George's War commenced in America. — 

Cause — England under George II. was arrayed 
against France. In America, the struggle was 
carried on between the English and French Colon- 
ists for rights of territorial possession. Nothing 
definite was gained by the devastating land and 
naval warfare of four years. Peace was con- 
cluded by treaty at Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748. 

1745 June 28. The English captured Louisburg. 

1748 Oct. 18. Close of King George's War by the 
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 

1753 Oct. 31. Washington sent with a letter from Gov. 

Dinwiddle, of Va. 

1754 The French and Indian War commenced. 

— The alleged cause was the encroachments and 
hostile acts of the French, which resulted in the 
settlement of a long-disputed question between Eng- 
land and France for colonial supremacy in Amer- 
ica. England claimed the territory from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific by virtue of the discovery 
of the Atlantic Coast under Cabot. The French 
claimed the interior from the St. Lawrence, Ohio 
and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries to the 
Gulf of Mexico, from their discovery by La Salle 
and other navigators. The English were victorious. 

1755 June. The French expelled from Nova Scotia by 

Monckton. 

July 9. Braddock defeated at the battle of Monon- 

gahela. 

1756 May 17. War declared against France by Great 

Britain. 

Aug. 14. Oswego taken by the French under 

Montcalm. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 45 

1757 Aug. 9. Fort Wm. Henry surrendered to Montcalm. 

1758 July 6. Lord Howe kifled in a skirmish near Ti- 

conderoga. 

July 26. Amherst and Wolfe take Louisburg. 

1759 The French abandoned Ticonderoga and Crown 

Point. 

July 25. Niagara surrendered to the English under 

Johnson. 

Sept. 18. Quebec surrendered to the English. 

1760 April 28. The French attempted to recover Quebec. 

Sept. 8. Canada surrendered to the English. 

1763 Feb. 10. Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

1765 March 8. Parliament passed the Stamp Act. 

Oct. 7. A Colonial Congress met at New York. 

1766 March 18. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. 
1770 March 5. " The Boston Massacre." 

1773 Dec. 16. Tea thrown overboard at Boston. 

1774 March. Parliament passed the " Boston Port Bill." 

Sept. 5. " The First Continental Congress " met at 

Philadelphia. 

1775 April 19. The Revolutionary War. First 

battle at Lexington. Causes — See Declaration 
of Independence. 

1776 July 4. The Independence of the United States 

of America declared. For list of battles, see Ta- 
ble of Contents. 

1778 Feb. 6. France acknowledges the Lidependence of 

America. 

Treaty of Alliance of the United States with France. 

1779 Sept. 23. Paul Jones' naval battle off the coast of 

England. 
1781 July 10. French fleet arrived at Newport, R.L 

Oct. 2. Execution of Major Andre at Tappan, N.Y. 

1781 Oct. 19. Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. 



46 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1782 Nov. 30. Preliminary articles of peace signed at 

Paris. 

1783 April 19. Cessation of hostilities proclaimed Jn the 

American army. 

July 11. British evacuated Savannah, Georgia. 

Sept. 3. Definitive treaty of peace signed at Paris. 

Nov. 3. American army disbanded. 

Nov. 25. British evacuated New York. 

Dec. 23. Washington i esigns his commission. 

1784 The Tenth Continental Congress met at Trenton. 

1785 John Adams first Minister to England. 

1786 Shay's Rebellion in Massachusetts. 

1787 Sept. 11. Constitution of the United States adopt- 

ed by the Convention of Delegates at Philadel- 
phia. 

1788 Cotton first planted in Virginia. 

For the leading events of each succeeding year, see each 
administration. 



THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

A RESOLUTION of the Congress of the United 
Colonies was passed June 11, 1776, appointing a 
committee of five to draft a Decharation — consist- 
ing of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin 
Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston. 

Thursday, July 4, 1776. 
Agreeable to the order of the day. Congress 
resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole to 
consider the Declaration, President John Hancock 
of Mass., in the chair. The Secretary, Benj. Har- 
rison of Va., reported that the committee had 
agreed upon a Declaration ; which was read and 
adopted as follows : — 

When, in the coarse of human events, it becomes 
necessary for one people to dissolve the political 
bands which have connected them with another, and 
to assume among the powers of the earth the separate 
and equal station to which the laws of nature and of 
nature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the 
opinions of mankind requires that they should declare 
the causes which impel them to the separation. 
47 



^^ NATIONAL HAim-BOOK. 



We hold these truths to be self-evident : —that all 
men are created equal ; that they are endowed by 
their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that 
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- 
piness ; that to secure these rights, governments are 
instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any 
form of government becomes destructive of these 
ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish 
it, and to institute a new government, laying its 
foundation on such principles, and organizing its 
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most 
likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, 
indeed, will dictate that governments long estab- 
lished should not be changed for light and transient 
causes ; and accordingly all experience hath sliown 
that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils 
are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing 
the forms to which they are accustomed. But when 
a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing 
invariably the same object, evinces a design to 
reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their 
right, it is their duty, to throw off such government 
and to provide new guards for their future security 
Such has been the patient sufferance of these col- 
onies; and such is now the necessity which con 
Btrains them to alter their former system of govern- 



DEOLAEATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



49 



ment. The history of the present King of Great 
Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa- 
tions, all having in direct object the establishment of 
an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove 
this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- 
some and necessary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of 
immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended 
in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; 
and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to 
attend to them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- 
modation of large districts of people, unless those 
people would relinquish the right of representation 
in the legislature — a right inestimable to them, and 
formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places 
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi- 
tory of their public records, for the sole purpose of 
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, 
for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on 
the right of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such disso- 
lutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the 
legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 



50 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

returned to the people at large for their exercise ; 
the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to 
all the danger of invasion from without and convul- 
sions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of 
these States ; for that purpose obstructing the laws 
for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass 
others to encourage their migration hither, and 
raising the conditions of new appropriations of 
lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, 
by refusing his assent to laws for establishing 
judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone 
for the tenure of their offices and the amount and 
payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and 
sent hither swarms of officers, to harrass our people 
and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, stand- 
ing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military indepen- 
dent of and superior to the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a 
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unac- 
knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their 
acts of pretended legislation, — 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



51 



For quartering large bodies of armed troops 
among us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pun- 
ishment for any murders which they should commit 
on the inhabitants of these States : 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the 
world : 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits 
of trial by jury : 

For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for 
pretended offences : 

For abolishing the free system of English law in 
a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- 
trary government, and enlarging its boundaries so 
as to render it at once an example and fit instrument 
for introducing the same absolute rule into these 
colonies : 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our 
most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the 
forms of our government : 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declar- 
iug themselves invested with power to legislate for 
us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here by declaring 
us out of his protection, and waging war against us 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 



62 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our 
people. 

He is at this time transporting large armies of 
foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death, 
desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum- 
stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in 
the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the 
head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken 
captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their 
country, to become the executioners of their friends 
and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst 
us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants 
of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose 
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc- 
tion of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have peti- 
tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our 
petitions have been answered only by repeated 
injury. A prince whose character is thus marked 
by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to 
be the ruler of a free people. 

!N^or have we been wanting in attention to our 
British brethren. We have warned them, from time 
to time, of attempts made by their legislature to 
exfpnd an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We 



DECLAEATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



53 



have reminded them of the circumstances of our 
emigration and settlement here. We have appealed 
to their native justice and magnanimity, and we 
have conjured them, by the ties of our common kin- 
dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would 
inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon- 
dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of 
justice and consanguinity. We must therefore 
acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our sep- 
aration, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man- 
kind, enemies in war — in peace, friends. 

We, therefore, the representatives of the United 
States of America, in General Congress assembled, 
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for 
the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and 
by the authority of the good people of these colonies, 
solemnly publish and declare that these United Col- 
onies are, and of good right ought to be, free and 
independent States ; that they are absolved from all 
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political 
connection between them and the State of Great 
Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and 
that, as free and independent States, they have full 
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli- 
ances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts 
and things which independent States may of right 
do. And for the support of this declaration, with a 



54 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, 
we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our 
fortunes, and our sacred honor. 

Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress, 

JOKN" HANCOCK, President 

Attested, Chaeles Thompson, Secretary, 



NEW HAMPSHIEB. 

Josiah Bartlett, 
William Whipple, 
Matthew Tnornton. 

MASSAOHUSETTS BAT. 

Samuel Adams, 
John Adams, 
Robert Treat Paine, 
Eldridge Gerry. 

EHODE ISLAND, ETC. 

Stephen Hopkins, 
William EUery. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger Sherman, 
Samuel Huntington, 
William Williams, 
Oliver Wolcott. 

NEW YOEK. 

William Floyd, 
Philip Livingston, 
Francis Lewis, 
Lewis Morris. 

NEW ji:esey. 

Richard Stockton, 
John Witherspoon, 
Francis Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 
Abraham Clark. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert Morris, 
Benjamin Rush, 
Benjamin Franklin, 
John Morton, 
George Clymer, 
James Smith, 
George Taylor, 
James Wilson, 
George Ross. 

DELAWAEK. 

Caesar Rodney, 
George Read, 
Thomas M'Kean. 

MAEYLAND. 

Samuel Chase, 
William Paca, 
Thomas Stone, 
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 

VIEGINIA. 

George Wythe, 
Richard Henry Lee, 
Thomas Jeflerson, 
Benjamin Harrison, 
Thomas Nelson, jr., 
Francis Lightfoot Lee, 
Carter BraxtOD. 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 55 



NORTH OAEOLINA. ThoDias Hey Ward, jr., 

William Hooper, T^r^\J^^i'5?^; J""*' 

Joseph Hew^, ^^^^ Middleton. 
John Penn. geoegia. 

BOITTH OAllOLINA. ?^*^^^ GwiDIiett, 

Lyman Hall, 

Edward Rutlcdge, George Walton, 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 67 



HISTORY OF THE CONFEDERATION OF 
THE COLONIES. 

The first steps toward the organization of the 
United States of America dates back to an assembly 
of Delegates from the several North American Colo- 
nies, which met at Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, 
Sept. 5th, 1774, and styled themselves a Congress. 
Its object was to discuss the grievances of Great 
Britain, and to enact measures for self-protection. 
Each Colony was entitled to one vote. The Confed- 
eration constantly gained in strength and in public 
confidence. British aggressions became intolerable ; 
and, July 2d, 1774, the Continental Congress re- 
solved " That these United Colonies are and of right 
ought to he Free and Independeyit States^^' &c. ; and 
on Thursday, July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of In- 
dependence was agreed upon, and read to the public 
July 8th. On the 9th of Sept., 1776, by resolution 
of Congress, the words " United Colonies " was 
changed to '' The United States of America.'' 

The Articles of Confederation and perpetual un- 
ion of the United States of America was agreed to 
November 15th, 1777, subject to the ratification of 
the several State Legislatures, the last of which rat- 
ified the same March 1st, 1781, 



58 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND PER- 
PETUAL UNION OF THE STATES. 

To all loJiom these Presents shall come, We, the undersigned 
Delegates of the States affixed to our names, send greet'mg : — 
Whereas, the Delegates of the United States of America, in 
Congress assembled, did, on the 15th day of November, in the 
Year of our Lord, 1777, and in the Second Year of the Inde- 
pendence of America, agree to certain Articles of Confedera- 
tion and Perpetual Union between the States of New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantar 
tions, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
and Georgia, in the words following, viz. : 

" Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the 
States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island 
and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New 
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North 
Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 

Article 1. The style of this Confederacy shall 
be " The United States of America." 

Article 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, 
freedom and independence, and every power, juris- 
diction and right, which is not by this confederation 
expressly delegated to the United States in Congress 
assembled. 

Article 3. The said States hereby severally 
enter into a firm league of friendship with each 
other, for their common defence, the security of their 
liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, bind- 
ing themselves to assist each other against all force 
offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 59 

them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or 
any other pretense whatever. 

Article 4. The better to secure and perpetuate 
mutual friendship and intercourse among the people 
of the different States in this Union, the free inhab- 
itants of each of these States — paupers, vagabonds, 
and fugitives from justice excepted — shall be entitled 
to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in 
the several States ; and the people of each State shall 
have free ingress and regress to and from any other 
State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of 
trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, im- 
positions and restrictions, as the inhabitants thereof 
respectively, provided that such restriction shall not 
extend so far as to prevent the removal of property, 
imported into any State, to any other State of which 
the owner is an inhabitant ; provided, also, that no 
imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any 
State on the property of the United States, or either 
of them. 

If any person guilty of, or charged with treason, 
felony, or other high misdemeanor in any State, shall 
flee from justice, and be found in any of the United 
States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor, or 
executive power of the State from which he fled, 
be delivered up and removed to the State having jur- 
isdiction of his offense. 



60 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each 
of these States, to the records, acts, and judicial pro- 
ceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other 
State. 

Article 5. For the more convenient manage- 
ment of the general interest of the United States, 
Delegates shall be annually appointed, in such man- 
ner as the Legislature of each State shall direct, to 
meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, 
in every year, with a power reserved to each State 
to recall its Delegates, or any of them, at any time 
within the year, and to send others in their stead, 
for the remainder of the year. 

No State shall be represented in Congress by less 
than two, nor by more than seven, members ; and no 
person shall be capable of being a Delegate for more 
than three years in any term of six years ; nor shall 
any person, being a Delegate, be capable of holding 
any office under the United States, for which he, or 
another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or 
emolument of any kind. 

Each State shall maintain its own Delegates in 
any meeting of the States, and while they act as 
members of the Committee of the States. 

In determining questions in the United States 
in Congress assembled, each State shall have one 
vote. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 61 

Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall 
not he impeached or questioned in any court or place 
out of Congress, and the members of Congress shall 
be protected in their persons from arrests and im- 
prisonments, during the time of their going to and 
from, and attendance on Congress, except for trea- 
son, felony, or breach of the peace. 

Article 6. No State, without the consent of 
the United States in Congress assembled, shall send 
an embassy to, or receive an embassy from, or enter 
into any conference, agreement, alliance or treaty 
with any King, Prince or State ; nor shall any per- 
son holding any office of profit or trust under the 
United States, or any of them, accept of any present, 
emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from 
any King, Prince, or Foreign State ; nor shall the 
United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, 
grant any title of nobility. 

No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, 
confederation, or alliance whatever between them, 
without the consent of the United States in Congress 
assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for 
which the same is to be entered into, and how long 
it shall continue. 

No State shall Iq>j any imposts or duties which 
may interfere with any stipulations in treaties en- 
tered into by the United States in Congress assem- 



62 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

bled, with any King, Prince or State, in pursuance 
of any treaties already proposed by Congress, to the 
Courts of France and Spain. 

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of 
peace by any State, except such number only, as 
shall be deemed necessary by the United States in 
Congress assembled, for the defence of such State, or 
its trade ; nor shall any body of forces be kept up 
by any State, in time of peace, except such number 
only, as in the judgment of the United States in Con- 
gress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison 
the forts necessary for the defence of such State ; but 
every State shall always keep up a well regulated 
and disci j)lined militia, sufficiently armed and accou- 
tered, and shall provide and have constantly ready 
for use, in public stores, a due number of field 23ieces 
and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, 
and camp equipage. 

No State shall engage in any war without the 
consent of the United States in Congress assembled, 
unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or 
shall have received certain advice of a resolution be- 
ing formed by some nation of Indians to invade such 
a State, and the danger is so imminent as not to ad- 
mit of a delay till the United States in Congress as- 
sembled can be consulted : nor shall any State grant 
commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 63 

of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration 
of war by the United States in Congress assembled, 
and then only against the Kingdom or State, and the 
subjects thereof, against which war has been so de- 
clared, and under such regulations as shall be estab- 
lished by the United States in Congress assembled, 
unless such State be infested by pirates; in which case 
vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, 
and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or un- 
til the United States in Congress assembled shall de- 
termine otherwise. 

Article 7. When land forces are raised by any 
State for the common defence, allofQcers of, or under 
the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the Legisla- 
tures of each State respectively, by whom such forces 
shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall 
direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the 
State which first made the appointment. 

Article 8. All charges of war, and all other 
expenses that shall be incurred for the common de- 
fence or general warfare, and allowed by the United 
States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out 
of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the 
several States, in proportion to the value of all land 
within each State, granted to or surveyed for any per- 
son, as such land and the buildings and improvements 
thereon shall be estimated according to such mode 



64 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

as the United States in Congress assembled shall, 
from time to time, direct and appoint. The taxes 
for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by 
the authority and direction of the Legislatures of the 
several States within the time agreed upon by the 
United States in Congress assembled. 

Article 9. The United States in Congress 
assembled shall have the sole and exclusive right and 
power of determining on peace and wai, except m the 
cases mentioned in the 6th article — of sending and 
receiving ambassadors — entering into treaties and alli- 
ances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be 
made whereby the Legislative power of the respective 
States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts 
and duties on foreigners as their own people are 
subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or 
importation of any species of ^oods or commodities 
whatsoever — of establishing rules for deciding in all 
cases what captures on land or water shall be legal, 
and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval 
forces in the service of the United States shall be 
divided or appropriated — of granting letters of 
marque and reprisal in times of peace — appointing 
courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed 
on the high seas and establishing courts for receiving 
and determining finally, appeals in all cases of cap- 
tures, provided that no member of Congress shall be 
appointed a judge of any of the said courts. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 65 

The United States in Congress assembled shall 
also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and 
differences now subsisting, or that hereafter may 
arise, between two or more States concerning boun- 
dary, jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever ; 
which authority shall always be exercised in the 
manner following : — Whenever the legislative or ex- 
ecutive authority or lawful agent of any State in 
controversy with another shall present a petition to 
Congress, stating the matter in question and praying 
for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by 
order of Congress, to the Legislative or Executive 
authority of the other State in controversy, and a day 
assigned for the appearance of the parties by their 
lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint, 
by joint consent, commissioners or judges to con- 
stitute a court for hearing and determining the mat- 
ter in question ; but if they cannot agree. Congress 
shall name three persons out of each of the United 
States, and from the list of such persons each party 
shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners be- 
ginning, until the number shall be reduced to thir- 
teen ; and from that number not less than seven, nor 
more than nine names, as Congress shall direct, shall 
in the presence of Congress be drawn out by lot; and 
the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any 
five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to 

hear and finally determine the controversy, so always 

5 



66 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

as a major part of the judges who shall hear the 
cause shall agree in the determination : and if either 
party shall neglect to attend at tlie day appointed, 
without showing reasons which Congress shall judge 
sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike, the 
Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out 
of each State, and the Secretary of Congress shall 
strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and 
the judgment and sentence of the court to be ap- 
pointed, in the manner above prescribed, shall be 
final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall 
refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to 
appear or defend their claim or cause, the court shall 
nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence or judg- 
ment, which shall in like manner be final and deci- 
sive, the judgment or sentence and other proceed- 
ings being in either case transmitted to Congress, 
and lodged among the acts of Congress for the secu- 
rity of the parties concerned : provided that every 
commissioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take 
an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of 
the Supreme or Superior Court of the State where 
the cause shall be tried, *' well and truly to hear and 
determine the matter in question, according to the 
best of his judgment, without favor, affection, or 
hope of reward : " provided, also, that no State shall 
be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United 
States. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 67 

All controversies concerning the private right of 
soil claimed under different grants of two or more 
States, whose jurisdictions, as they may respect such 
lands, and the States which passed such grants, are 
adjusted; the said grants or either of them being at 
the'same time claimed to have originated antecedent 
to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the peti- 
tion of either party to the Congress of the United 
States, be finally determined as near as may be in 
the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding 
disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between 
different States. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall 
also have the sole exclusive right and power of regu- 
lating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own 
authority, or by that of the respective States— fixing 
the standard of weights and measures throughout the 
United States— regulating the trade and managing 
all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the 
States ; provided that the Legislative right of any 
State within its own limits be not infringed or violat- 
ed — establishing or regulating post-offices from one 
State to another, throughout all the United States, 
and exacting such postage on the papers passing 
through the same as may be requisite to defray the 
expenses of the said office— appointing all officers of 
the land forces, in the service of the United States, 



68 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

excepting regimental officers — appointing all the 
officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all 
officers whatever in the service of the United States — 
making rules for the government and regulation of 
the said land and naval forces, and directing their 
operations. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall 
have authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the 
recess of Congress, to be denominated " A Commit- 
tee of the States," and to consist of one Delegate 
from each State ; and to appoint such other commit- 
tees and civil officers as may be necessary for manag- 
ing the general affairs of the United States under 
their direction — to appoint one of their number to 
preside ; provided, that no person be allowed to serve 
in the office of President more than one year in any 
term of three years — to ascertain the necessary sums 
of money to be raised for the service of the United 
States, and to appropriate and apply the same for de- 
fraying the public expenses — to borrow money, or 
emit bills on the credit of the United States, trans- 
mitting every half year to the respective States an 
account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted 
— to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the num- 
ber of land forces, and to make requisitions from each 
State fot- its quota, in proportion to the number of 
white inhabitants in such State ; which requisition 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 69 

shall be binding, and thereupon the Legislatures of 
each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise 
the men, and clothe, arm and equip them in a soldier- 
like manner, at the expense of the United States ; 
and the officers and men so clothed, armed and equip- 
ped shall march to the place appointed, and within 
the time agreed on by the United States in Congress 
assembled; but if the United States in Congress as- 
sembled shall, on consideration of circumstances, 
judge proper that any State should not raise men, or 
should raise a smaller number than its quota, and 
that any other State should raise a greater number 
of men than the quota thereof, such extra number 
shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed and equip- 
ped in the same manner as the quota of such State, 
unless the Legislature of such State shall judge that 
such extra number can not be safely spared out of 
the same ; in which case they shall raise, officer, 
clothe, arm and equip as many of such extra number 
as they judge can be safely spared. And the officers 
and men so clothed, armed and equipped shall march 
to the place appointed, and within the time agreed 
on by the United States in Congress assembled. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall 
never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque 
and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treat- 
ies or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value 



70 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses neces- 
sary for the defence and welfare of the United States, 
or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on 
the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, 
nor agree upon the number of vessels of war to be 
built or purchased, or the number of land or sea 
forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander-in-chief 
of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the 
same : nor shall a question on any other point, except 
for adjourning from day to day, be determined, unless 
by the votes of a majority of the United States in 
Congress assembled. 

The Congress of the United States shall have power 
to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place 
within the United States, so that no period of adjourn- 
ment be for a longer duration than the space of six 
months, and shall publish the Journal of their pro- 
ceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating 
to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their 
judgment require secresy ; and the yeas and nays of 
the Delegates of each State on any question shall be 
entered on the Journal, when it is desired by any 
delegate ; and the Delegates of a State, or any of them, 
at his or their request, shall be furnished with a tran- 
script of the said journal, except such parts as are 
above excepted, to lay before the Legislature of the 
several States. 



01^' AMERICAN PROGRESS. 71 

Article 10. The Committee of the States, or 
any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in 
the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress, 
as the United States in Congress assembled, by the 
consent of nine States, shall from time to time think 
expedient to vest them with ; provided, that no power 
be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise 
of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice 
of nine States in the Congress of the United States 
assem])led is requisite. 

Article 11. Canada, acceding to this Confeder- 
ation, and joining in the measures of the United States, 
shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advant- 
ages of this Union ; but no other Colony shall be 
admitted into the same, unless such admission be 
agreed to by nine States. 

Article 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys 
borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the au- 
thority of Congress, before the assembling of the 
United States, in pursuance of the present Confeder- 
ation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge 
against the United States, for payment and satisfac- 
tion whereof the said United States and the public 
faith are hereby solemnly pledged. 

Article 13. Every State shall abide by the 
determinations of the United States in Congress as- 
sembled, on all questions which by this Confederation 



72 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

are submitted to them. And the Articles of this Con- 
federation shall be inviolably observed by every 
State, and the union shall be perpetual ; nor shall 
any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any 
of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Con- 
gress of the United States, and be afterward con- 
firmed by the Legislatures of every State. 

And Whereas, It hath pleased the Great Governor 
of the World to incline the hearts of the Legislatures 
we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, 
and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of 
Confederation and perpetual union. Know ye that 
we, " the undersigned Delegates, by virtue of the 
power and authority to us given for that purpose, do 
by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our 
respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and 
confirm each and every one of the said Articles of Con- 
federation and perpetual union, and all and singular 
the matters and things therein contained. And we 
do further solemnly plight and engage the faith of 
our respective constituents, that they shall abide by 
the determinations of the United States in Congress 
assembled, on all questions, which by the said Con- 
federation are submitted to them. And that the Ar- 
ticles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the 
States we respectively represent, and that the union 
shall be perpetual, hi witness whereof we have 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 73 

hereunto set our hands in Congress. Done at Phila- 
delphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the 9th day of 
July, in the Year of our Lord, 1778, and in the 3d 
year of the Independence of America. 



74 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more 
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, 
provide for the common defence, promote the general wel- 
fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our 
posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the 
United States of America. 

ARTICLE I. 

§ I. — All legislative powers herein granted shall 
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which 
shall consist of a Senate and House of Kepresenta- 
tives. 

§ II. — 1. The House of Representatives shall be 
composed of members chosen every second year by 
the people of the several States ; and the electors in 
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for 
electors of the most numerous branch of the State 
legislature. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 75 

2. No person shall be a representative who shall 
wot have attained the age of twenty-five years, and 
been seven years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the 
State in which he shall be chosen. 

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor- 
tioned among the several States which may be 
included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by 
adding to the whole number of free persons, includ- 
ing those bonnd to service for a term of years, and 
excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other 
persons. The actual enumeration shall be made 
within three years after the first meeting of the Con- 
gress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall 
by law direct. The number of representatives shall 
not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each 
State shall have at least one representative; and 
until such enumeration shall be made, the State of 
New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three ; 
Massachusetts^ eight ; Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations^ one ; Connecticut^ five ; New Yorh^ 
six ; New Jersey^ four ; Pennsylvania^ eight ; Dela- 
ware^ one ; Maryland^ six ; Virginia, ten ; North 
Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; Georgia, three 
4. When vacancies happen in the representation 



76 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



of any State, the executive authority thereof shall 
issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

5. The House of Representatives shall choose 
their speaker and other oificers, and shall have the 
sole power of impeachment. 

§ III.— 1. The Senate of the United States shall 
be composed of two senators from each State, chosen 
by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each 
senator shall have one vote. 

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in 
consequence of the first election, they shall be divi- 
ded, as equally as may be, into three classes. The 
seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year, of the second 
class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the 
third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one third may be chosen every second year ; and if 
vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during 
the recess of the legislature of any State, the execu- 
tive thereof may make temporary appointments until 
the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then 
fill such vacancies. 

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not 
have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine 
years a citizen of the United States, and who shall 
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for 
which he shall be chosen. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. H 

4. The Yice-President of the United States shall 
be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, 
unless they be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, 
and also a president pro tempore in the absence of 
the Yice-President, or when he shall exercise the 
office of President of the United States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try 
all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, 
they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried, the chief 
justice shall preside ; and no person shall be con- 
victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the 
members present. 

7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not 
extefld further than to removal from office, and dis- 
qualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, 
trust, or profit under the United States; but the 
party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and 
subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punisli- 
ment, according to law. 

§ lY. — 1. The times, places, and manner of hold- 
ing elections for Senators and representatives shall 
be prescribed in each State by the legislature 
thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, 
make or alter such regulations, except as to the 
places of choosing senators. 



78 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in 
every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first 
Monday in December, unless they shall by law ap- 
jioint a different day. 

§ Y. — 1. Each house shall be judge of the elec- 
tions, returns, and qualifications of its own members; 
and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to 
do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn 
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel 
the attendance of absent members, in such manner 
and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

2. Each house may determine the rules of its 
proceedings, punish its members for disorderly be- 
havior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel 
a member. 

3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- 
ings, and from time to time publish the same, 
excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the mem- 
bers of either house on any question shall, at the 
desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the 
journal. 

4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for 
more than three days, nor to any other place than 
that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

§ YT. — 1. The senators and representatives shall 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 79 

receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- 
tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the 
United States. They shall, in all cases except 
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- 
leged from arrest during their attendance at the' 
session of their respective houses, and in going to or 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or 
debate in either house they shall not be questioned 
in any other place. 

2. No senator or representative shall, during the 
time for which he was elected, be appointed to any 
civil office under the authority of the United States 
which shall have been created, or the emoluments 
whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; 
and no person holding any office under the United 
States shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

§ yil._l. All bills for raising revenue shall 
originate in the House of Kepresentatives ; but the 
Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as 
on other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House 
of Kepresentatives and the Senate shall, before i-t 
becomes a law, be presented to the President of the 
United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it; but 
if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that 
house in which it shall have originated, who shall 



80 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



enter the objections at large on tlieir journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- 
ation, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the 
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, t<i 
the other house ; and if approved bj two-thirds of 
that house it shall become a law. But in all such 
cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by 
yeas and nays; and the name of the persons voting 
for and against the bill shall be entered on the jour- 
nals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not 
be returned by the President within ten days (Sun- 
days excepted) after it shall have been presented to 
him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless Congress, by their adjournment, 
prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a 
law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the 
concurrence of the Senate and House of Kepresenta- 
tives may be necessary (except on a question of 
adjournment) shall be presented to the President of 
the United States, and before the same shall take 
effect shall be approved by him, or, being disap- 
proved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the 
Senate and House of Eepresentatives, according t(. 
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a 
hill. 

§ YIII. — The Congress shall have power — 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 81 

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and 
excises ; to pay the debts and provide for the com- 
mon defence and general welfare of the United 
States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be 
uniform throughout the United States : 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United 
States : 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, 
and among the several States, and with the Indian 
tribes : 

i. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, 
and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, 
throughout the United States : 

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and 
of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and 
measures : 

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeit- 
ing the securities and current coin of the United 
States : 

Y. To establish post offices and post roads : 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful 
arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and 
inventors the exclusive right to their respective writ- 
ings and discoveries : 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supremo 
Court : 

10. To define and punish piracies and felonies 

6 



82 K-ATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

committed on the high seas, and offences against the 
law of nations : 

11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and 
reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land 
and water : 

12. To raise and support armies ; but no appro- 
priation of money to that use shall be for a longer 
term than two years : 

13. To provide and maintain a navy : 

14. To make rules for the government and reg 
ulation of the land and naval forces : 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to 
execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, 
and repel invasions 

16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disci- 
plining the militia, and for governing such part of 
them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the States respectively the 
appointment of the officers, and the authority of 
training the militia, according to the discipline pre- 
scribed by Congress : 

17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases 
whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten 
miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, 
and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
government of the United States, and to exercise like 
authority over all places purchased by the consent of 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 83 

the legislature of the State in which the same shall 
be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock 
yards, and other needful building: And, 

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary 
and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing 
powers, and all other powers vested by tliis Consti- 
tution in the government of the United States, or in 
any department or ofiicer thereof. 

§ IX. — 1. The migration or importation of such 
persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think 
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con- 
gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred 
and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on 
Buch importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each 
person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus 
shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of re- 
bellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 

3. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall 
be passed. 

4. 'No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, 
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration 
herein before directed to be taken. 

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex- 
ported from any States. No preference shall be 
given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to 
the ports of one State over those of another ; nor 



84 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged 
to enter, clear, cr pay duties in another. 

6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury 
but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; 
and a regular statement and account of the receipts 
and expenditurss of all public money shall be pub- 
lished from time to time. 

7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the 
United States ; and no person holding any office of 
profit or trust under them shall, without the consent 
of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, 
office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, 
prince, or foreign State. 

§ X. — 1. No state shall enter into any treat}% 
alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque 
and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; 
make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in 
payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post 
facto law, or impairing the obligation of contracts ; 
or grant any title of nobility. 

2. No State shall, without the consent of Con- 
gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or 
exports, except w^hat may be absolutely necessary for 
executing its inspection laws ; and the net produce 
of all duties and im])osts laid by any State on im- 
ports or exports shall be for tlie use of the treasury 
of the United States ; and all such laws shall be 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 85 

subject to the revision and control of the Congress. 
No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay 
any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in 
time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact 
with another State or with a foreign power, oi 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE n. 

§ I. — 1. The executive power shall be vested in a 
President of the United States of America. He 
shall hold his office during the term of four years, 
and, together with the Yice-President, chosen for the 
same term, be elected as follows : 

2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as 
the legislature thereof may direct, a number of elec- 
tors, equal to the whole number of senators and 
representatives to which the State may be entitled in 
the Congress ; but no senator or representative, or 
person holding an office of trust or profit under the 
United States, shall be appointed an elector. 

3. [Annulled. See Amendments, Art. 12.] 

4. The Congress may determine the time of 
choosing the electors, and the day on which they 
shall give their votes, which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 



86 » NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

6. Kg person except a natural-born citizen, or a 
citizen of the United States at the time of the adop- 
tion of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the ofiice 
of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to 
that office who shall not have attained the age of 
thirty five years, and been fourteen years a resident 
within the United States. 

6. In case of the removal of the President from 
office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis- 
charge the powers and duties of said office, the same 
shall devolve on the Yice-President ; and the Con- 
gress may by law provide for the case of removal, 
death, resignation, or inability both of the President 
and Yice-President, declaring what officer shall then 
act as President, and such officer shall act accord- 
ingly, until the disability be removed, or a President 
shall be elected. 

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive 
for his services a compensation which shall neither 
be increased nor diminished during the period for 
which he shall have been elected ; and he shall not 
receive, within that period, any other emolument 
from the United States, or any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, 
he shall take the following oath or affirmation : — 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will 
faithfully execute the office of President of the 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 87 

United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the 
United States." 

§ II. — 1. The President shall be commander-in- 
chief of the army and navy of the United States, and 
of the militia of the several States, when called into 
the actual service of the United States : he may 
require tlie opinion, in writing, of the principal 
officer in each of the executive departments upon 
any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves 
and pardons for offences against the United States, 
except in cases of impeachment. 

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided 
two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he 
shall nominate, and by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate shall appoint, ambassadors, 
other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the 
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United 
States whose appointments are not herein otherwise 
provided for, and which shall be established by law. 
But the Congress may, by law, vest the a[)pointment 
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the 
President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads 
of departments. 

3. The President shall have power to fill up all 



88 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

vacancies that may happen during the recess of the 
Senate, bj granting commissions, which shall expire 
at the end of the next session. 

§ III. — He shall, from time to time, give to the 
Congress information of the state of the Union, and 
recommend to their consideration such measures as 
he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on 
extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or 
either of them, and in case of disagreement between 
them with respect to the time of adjournment, he 
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think 
proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public 
ministers ; he shall take care that the laws are faith- 
fully executed ; and shall commission all the officers 
of the United States. 

§ lY. — The President, Vice-President, and all 
civil officers of the United States, shall be removed 
from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, 
treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde- 
meanors. 

ARTICLE in. 

§ I. — The judicial power of the United States 
shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such 
inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to 
time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the 
Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices 



CONSTITTTTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 89 

duiing good behavior, and shall, at stated times, 
receive for their servicss a compensation which shall 
not be diminished during their continuance in office. 
§ II. — 1. The judicial power shall extend to all 
cases in law and equity arising under this Constitu- 
tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties 
made, or which shall be made under their authority; 
to all cases affecting ambassadors, and other pubhc 
ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the 
United States shall be a party ; to controversies be- 
tween two or more States; between a State and 
citizens of another State ; between citizens of differ- 
ent States; between citizens of the same State, 
claiming lands under grants of different States, and 
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
States, citizens, or subjects. 

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public 
ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State 
shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig- 
inal jurisdiction. In all other cases before men- 
tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate 
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex- 
ceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress 
shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im- 
peachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall bo 



90 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

held in the State where such crimes shall have been 
committed ; but when not committed within any 
State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the 
Congress may by law have directed. 

§ III. — 1. Treason against the United Stata 
shall consist only in levying war against them, or in 
adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and com- 
fort 1^0 person shall be convicted of treason, unless 
on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt 
act, or confessions in open court. 

2. The Congress shall have power to declare the 
punishment of treason ; but no attainder of treason 
shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except 
during the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE TV. 

§ I. — Full faith and credit shall be given in each 
State to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- 
ceedings of every other State. And the Congress 
may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which 
such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, 
and the effect thereof. 

§ II. — 1. The citizens of each State shall be en 
titled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in 
the several States. 

2. A person charged in any State with treason, 



CONSTmjTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 91 

felony, or other crime, wlio shall flee from justice, 
and be found in another State, shall, on demand of 
the executive authority of the State from which he 
fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State 
having jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one 
State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, 
shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but 
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom 
Buch service or labor may be due. 

§ III. — 1. 'New States may be admitted by the 
Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall 
shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of 
any other State; nor any State be formed by the 
junction of two or more States, or parts of States, 
without the consent of the legislature of the States 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of 
and make all needful rules and regulations respecting 
the territory or other property belonging to the 
United States; and nothing in this Constitution 
shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of 
the United States, or of any particular State. 

§ IV. — The United States shall guaranty to every 
State of this Union a republican form of government, 
and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, 



92 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



on application of the legislature, or of the executive, 
(when the legislature caunot be convened,) against 
domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

The Congress, whenever J^o-thirds of both 
houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- 
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of 
the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, 
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, 
which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and 
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified 
by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several 
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as 
the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- 
posed by the Congress ; provided that no amend- 
ment which may be made prior to the year one 
thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any 
manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no State, with- 
out its consent, shall be deprived of its equal 
suffrage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered 
into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall 
be as valid against the United States under thia 
Constitution as under the confederation. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNTIED STATES. 93 

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United 
States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and 
all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the 
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme 
law of the land; and the judges in every State shall 
be bound thereby ; any thing in the Constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

3. The senators and representatives before men- 
tioned, and the members of the several State legisla- 
tures, and all executive and all judicial officers, both 
of the United States and of the several States, shall 
be bound by oath or afhrmation to 'support this 
Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be 
required as a qualification to any office or public 
trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE vn. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine States 
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con- 
stitution between the States so ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States 
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of 
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and 
of the Independence of the United States of America the 
twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed 
our names. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 
President, and Deputy from Virginia, 



94 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



NEW HAMPSUIEE. 

John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel Gorham, 
Rufus King. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Wm. Samuel Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

NEW YORK. 

Alexander Hamilton, 

NEW JERSEY. 

William Livingston, 
David Brearley, 
William Patterson, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA, 

Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 
Robert Morris, 
George Clymer, 
Thomas F.tzsimons, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
James Wilson, 
Gouverneur Morris. 



DELAWAEB. 

George Read, 
Gunning Bedford, jr., 
John Dickinson, 
Richard Bassett, 
Jacob Broom. 

MARYLAND. 

James McHenrv, 

Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, 

Daniel Carroll. 

VIRGINIA, 

John Blair, 
James Madison, jr. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

William Blount, 
Rich. Dobbs Spaight, 
Hugh Williamson. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

John Rutledge, 
Charles C. Pinckney, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William Few, 
Abraham Baldwin. 



Attest, William Jackson, Secretary, 



AMENDMKNTB TO THE CONSTTIDTION 95 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 



Art. I. — Congress shall make no law respecting 
an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free 
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, 
or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably 
to assemble and to petition the government for a 
redress of grievances. 

Art. II. — A well-regulated militia being neces- 
sary to the security of a free State, the right of the 
people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Art. III.— !No soldier shall, in time of peace, be 
quartered in any house without the consent of the 
owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be 
prescribed by law. 

Art. IY. — The right of the people to be secure 
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against 
xmreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be 
violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon 



96 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, 
and particularly describing the place to be searched, 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Art. Y. — No person shall be held to answer for 
a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a 
presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the 
militia when in actual service, in time of war or 
public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for 
the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life 
or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal 
case, to be witness against himself, nor be deprived 
of life, liberty, or property, without due process of 
law ; nor shall private property be taken for public 
use without just compensation. 

Art. YI. — In all criminal prosecutions, the ac- 
cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public 
trial by an impartial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which 
district shall have been previously ascertained by 
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of 
the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses 
against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain- 
ing witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance 
of counsel for his detence. 

Art. YII. — In suits of common law, where the 
value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 97 

right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact. 
tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in 
any court of the United States than according to the 
rules of the common law. 

Art. YIII. — Excessive bail shall not be required, 
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual 
punishments inflicted. 

Akt. IX. — The enumeration in the Constitution 
of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or 
disparage others retained by the people. 

Art. X. — The powers not delegated to the United 
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to 
the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or 
to the people. 

Art. XL — The judicial power of the United 
States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in 
law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another State, or 
by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. 

Art. XII. — The electors shall meet in their 
respective States, and vote by ballot for President 
and Yice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not 
be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; 
they shall name in their ballots the person voted for 
as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted 
for as Yice-President ; and they shall make distinct 
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all 



98 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the 
number of votes for each ; which lists they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of gov- 
ernment of the United States, directed to the presi- 
dent of the Senate. The president of the Senate 
shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of 
Eepresentatives, open all the certificates, and the 
votes shall then be counted ; the person having the 
greatest number of votes for President shall be 
President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
number of electors appointed ; and if no person have 
Buch a majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number, not exceeding three, on the list of 
those voted for as President, the House of Pepresen 
tatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the 
President. But, in choosing the President, the votes 
shall be taken by States, the representation from 
each State having one vote ; a quorum for this pur- 
pose shall consist of a member or members from two 
thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States 
shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of 
Eepresentatives shall not choose a President, when- 
ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them 
before the fourth day of March next following, ther 
the Yice-President shall act as President, as in the 
case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 99 

2. The person having the greatest number ot 
votes as Yice-President shall be the Yice-President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number 
of electors appointed; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the two highest numbers on the 
list the Senate shall choose the Yice-President; a 
quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of 
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the 
whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 

3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to 
the oflSce of President shall be eligible to that of 
Yice-President of the United States. 



Art. XIII. Sec. 1. Neither slavery nor involun- 
tary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, 
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place 
subject to their jurisdiction. 



Art. XIV. Sec. 1. All persons born or 
naturalized in the United States, and sub- 
ject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
of the United States and the States where- 
in they reside. No State shall make or 



100 PROPOSED AMENDMENTS. 

enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or 
immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor 
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or 
happiness, without due process of law, nor deny to 
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protec- 
tion of the laws. 

§ 2. Eepresentatives shall be apportioned among 
the several States according to their respective num- 
bers, counting tlie whole number of persons, exclud- 
ing Indians not taxed. But whenever the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of electors for 
President and Yice-President, representatives in 
Congress, executive and judicial officers, or members 
of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the 
male inhabitants of such State, being 21 years of 
age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged, except for participation in rebellion or 
other crime, the basis of representation therein shall 
be reduced in the proportion which the number of 
such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of 
male citizens 21 years of age in such State. 

§ 3. That no person shall be a Senator or Kepre- 
sentative in Congress, or elector of President and 
Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, 
under the United States, or under any State, who, 
having previously taken an oath as a member of 
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or aa 
8 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. lOl 

a member of any State Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the 
Constitution of the United States, shall have 
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
Bame, or given aid and comfort to the enemies there- 
of. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of 
each House, remove such disabilities. 

§ 4. The validity of the public debt of the 
United States authorized by law, including debts 
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for 
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, 
shall not be questioned. But neither the United 
States or any State shall assume or pay any debt or 
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss 
or emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and 
void. 

§ 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, 
by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this 
article. 

Art. XV. Sec. 1. The right of citizens of the 
United States to vote shall not be denied or 
abridged by the United States or by any State on 
account of race, color, or previous condition of 
servitude. 

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to en- 
force this article by appropriate legislation. 



102 NATtONAL HAHB-BOOK. 



INAUaURAL ADDEESS OF GEOEGE 
WASHINGTON. 

FIB8T PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, DELIVERED APBU 
30, 1789. 

Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of 
Representatives — Among the vicissitudes incident 
to life, no event could have filled me with greater 
anxieties than that of which the notification was 
transmitted by your order, and received on the four- 
teenth day of the present month. On the one hand 
I was summoned bj my country, whose voice I can 
never hear but with veneration and love, from a 
retreat which I had chosen jwith the fondest predi- 
lection, and in my flattering hopes with an immuta- 
ble decision as the asylum of my declining years ; a 
retreat which was rendered every day more necessary 
as well as more dear to me, by the addition of habit 
to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my 
health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. 



tNAtTGUEAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. l03 

On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of 
the trust to which the voice of my country called me 
being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most 
experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into 
Lis qualifications, could not but overwhelm with de- 
spondence one who, inheriting inferior endowments 
from nature, and unpracttced in the duties of civil 
administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of 
his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions, all 
I dare aver is, that it has been my faithful study to 
collect my duty from a just appreciation of every 
circumstance by which it might be afifected. All I 
dare hope is, that if, in executing this task, I have 
been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance 
of former instances, or by any afifectionate sensibility 
to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my 
fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted 
my incapacity as well as disinclination, for the 
weighty and untried cares before me, my error will 
be palliated by the motives which misled me, and its 
consequences be judged by my country with some 
share of the partiality with which they originated. 

Such being the impressions under which I have, 
in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the 
present station, it would be peculiarly improper to 
omit in this first official act, my fervent supplica- 
tions to that Almighty Being who rules over the 



104 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and 
whose providential aids can supply every human 
defect that his benediction may consecrate to the 
liberties and happiness of the people of the United 
States, a government instituted by themselves for 
these essential purposes, and may enable every in- 
strniient employed in its administration to execute 
\v 11 success the functions allotted to his char^^e. In 
tendering this homage to the great author of every 
public and private good, I assure myself that it ex- 
presses your sentiments, not less than my own, nor 
those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. 
No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore 
the invisible hand which conducts the affairs of men 
more than the people of the United States. Every 
step by which they have advanced to the character 
of an independent nation seems to have been distin- 
guished by some token of providential agency, and 
in the important revolution just accomplished in the 
system of their united government the tranquil de- 
liberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct 
communities from which the event has resulted can- 
not be compared with the means by which most gov- 
ernments have been established without some return 
of pious gratitude along with a humble anticipation 
of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. 
These reflections arising out of the present crisis 



iNAtTGtmAL ADDRESS OT GKOEGE WASHINGTON. 105 

have forced themselves too strongly on mj mind to 
be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in 
thinking that there are none under the influence of 
which the proceedings of anew and free government 
can more auspiciously commence. 

By the article establishing the executive depart- 
ment it is made the duty of the President " to re- 
commend to your consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient." The circum- 
stances under which I now meet you will acquit me 
from entering into that subject farther than to refer 
to the great constitutional charter under which you 
are assembled, and which in defining your powers 
designates the objects to which your attention is to 
be given. It will be more consistent witli those cir- 
cumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings 
which actuate me to substitute in place of a recom- 
mendation of particular measures, the tribute that 
is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriot- 
ism which adorn the characters selected to devise 
and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications, I 
behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local 
prejudices or attachments, no separate views, no 
party animosities will misdirect the comprehensive 
and equal eye which ought to watch over this 
great assemblage of communities and interests, so on 
another, that the foundations of our national policy 



106 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of 
private morality, and the pre-eminence of free gov- 
ernment be exemplified by all the attributes which 
can win the affections of its citizens and command 
the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect 
with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my 
country can inspire, since there is no truth more thor- 
oughly established than that there exists in the econ- 
omy and course of nature, an indissoluble union be- 
tween virtue and happiness, between duty and 
advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honest 
and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of 
the public prosperity and felicity. Since we ought 
to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of 
heaven can never be expected on a nation that dis- 
regards the eternal rules of order and right which 
heaven itself has ordained, and since the preserva- 
tion of the sacred fire of Liberty, and the destiny of 
the republican model of government are justly con- 
sidered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked on the 
experiment entrusted to the hands of the American 
people. Besides the ordmary objects submitted to 
your care, it will remain with your judgment to 
decide how far an exercise of the occasional power 
delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is ren- 
dered expedient at the present juncture by the nature 
of the objections which have been urged against 



INATTGTnRAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 107 

the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has 
given birth to them. Instead of undertaking partic- 
ular recommendations on this subject in which 1 
could be guided by no lights derived from official 
opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire 
confidence in your discernment aud pursuit of the 
public good, for I assure myself that while you care- 
fully avoid every alteration which might endanger 
the benefits of an united and effective government, 
or which ought to await the future lessons of experi- 
ence, a reverence for the characteristic rights of 
freemen, and a regard for the public harmony will 
sufiiciently influence your deliberations on the ques- 
tion, how far the former can be more impregnably 
fortified, or the latter be safely and advantageously 
promoted. 

To the preceding observations I have one to add, 
which will be most properly addressed to the House 
of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will, 
therefore, be as brief as possible. When I was first 
honored with a call into the service of my country, 
then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liber- 
ties, the light in which I comtemplated my duty 
required that I should renounce every pecuniary 
compensation. From this resolution I have in no 
instance departed, and being still under the impres- 
sions which produced it, I must decline as inapplica 



108 KATIONAT. HAND-BOOK. 

ble to myself any share in the personal emoluments 
which may be indispensably included in a perma- 
nent provision for the executive department, and 
must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates 
for the station in which I am placed, may, during 
my continuance in it, be limited to such actual ex- 
penditures as the public good may be thought to 
require. 

Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as 
as they have been awakened by the occasion which 
brings us together, I shall take my present leave, 
but not without resorting once more to the benign 
parent of the human race in humble supplication, 
that since he has been pleased to favor the American 
people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect 
tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with un- 
paralleled unanimity on a form of government for 
the security of their union and the advancement ot 
their happiness, so His divine blessing may be 
equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, tlie tem- 
perate consultations, and the wise measures on which 
the success of this government must depend. 



WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDEEBB. 109 



WASHINGTON'S FAEEWELL ADDRESS. 



Friends and Fellow-Citizens — The period for a 
new election of a citizen to administer the executive 
government of the United States not being far dis- 
tant, and the time actually arrived when youi 
thoughts must be employed in designating the person 
who is to be clothed with that important trust, it 
appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce 
to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that 
I should now apprise you of the resolution I have 
formed, to decline being considered among the num- 
ber of those out of whom a choice is to be made. 

I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice 
to be assured that this resolution has not been taken 
without a strict regard to all the considerations ap- 
pertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citi- 
zen to his country ; and that, in withdrawing the 
tender of service which silence, in my situation, 



110 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of 
zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of gratefu] 
respect for your past kindness, but am supported by 
a full conviction that the step is compatible with 
both. 

The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, 
the office to which your suffrages have twice called 
me, have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the 
opinion of duty, and to a deference for what appeared 
to be your desire. I constantly hoped that it would, 
have been much earlier in my power, consistently 
with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard, 
to return to that retirement from which I had been 
reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination 
to do this, previous to the last election, had been led 
to the preparation of an address to declare it to you ; 
but mature reflection on the then perplexed and 
critical posture of our aft airs with foreign nations, 
and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my 
confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea. 

I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external 
as well as internal, no longer renders the pm^suit of 
inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty 
or propriety; and am persuaded, whatever partiality 
may be retained for my services, that, in the present 
circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove 
my determination to retii'e. 



WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDKESS. HI 

The impressions with which I first undertook the 
arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. 
In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that I 
have with good intentions contributed toward the 
organization and administration of the government 
the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment 
was capable. Not unconscious in the outset of the 
inferiority of my qualifications, experience, in my 
own eyes — perhaps still more in the eyes of others — 
has strengthened the motives to difiidence of myself; 
and every day the increasing weight of years admon- 
ishes me, more and more, that the shade of retire- 
ment is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. 
Satisfied that, if any circumstances have given pecu- 
liar value to my services, they were temporary, I have 
the consolation to believe that, while choice and pru- 
dence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism 
does not forbid it. 

In looking forward to the moment which is in- 
tended to terminate the career of my public life, my 
feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep ac- 
knowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I owe 
to my beloved country for the many honors it has 
conferred upon me ; still more for the steadfast confi- 
dence with which it has supported me, and for the 
opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting 
my inviolable attachment, by services faithful and 



112 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

persevering, though in usefulness unequal to ray zeal 
If benefits have resulted to our country from these 
services, let it always be remembered to your praise, 
and as an instructive example in our annals, that, 
under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in 
every direction, were liable to mislead ; amid appear- 
ances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often 
discouraging; in situations in which, not unfre- 
quently, want of success has countenanced the spirit 
of criticism — the constancy of your support was the 
essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the 
plans by which they were effected. Profoundly pen- 
etrated with this idea, I shall carry it with me to my 
grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that 
Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of 
its beneficence ; that your union and brotherly affec- 
tion may be perpetual ; that the free constitution, 
which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly 
maintained; that its administration, in every depart- 
ment, may be stamped with wisdom and virtue; 
that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these 
States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made 
complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent 
a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the 
glory of recommending it to the applause, the afiec- 
tion, and the adoption of every nation which is yet 
a stranger to it. 



113 



Here, perhaps, I ought to stop ; but a solicitude 
for your welfare, which can not end but with my 
life, and the apprehension of danger natural to 
that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the 
present to offer to your solenm contemplation, and to 
recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments, 
which are the result of much reflection, of no incon- 
siderable observation, and which appear to me all- 
important to the permanency of your felicity as a 
people. These will be afforded to you with the 
more freedom, as you can only see them in the disin- 
terested warnings of a parting friend, who can possi- 
bly have no personal motive to bias his counsel ; nor 
can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indul- 
gent reception of my sentiments on a former and not 
dissimilar occasion. 

Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every 
ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine 
is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment. 

The unity of government, which constitutes you 
one people, is also now dear to you. It is justly so ; 
for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real inde- 
pendence, the support of your tranquillity at home, 
your peace abroad, of your safety, of your prosperity, 
of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But 
as it is easy to forsee that from different causes and 
from different quarters much pains will be taken, 



114 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

many artifices employed, to weaken in your niirida 
the conviction of this truth — as this is the point in 
your pohtical fortress against which the batteries of 
internal and external enemies will be most constantly 
and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) 
directed — it is of infinite moment that you should 
properly estimate the immense value of your national 
union to your collective and individual happiness ; 
that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and im- 
movable attachment to it, accustoming yourselves to 
think and speak of it as of the palladium of your 
political safety and prosperity; watching for its 
preservation with jealous anxiety ; discountenancing 
whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can, 
in any event, be abandoned ; and indignantly frown- 
ing upon the first dawning of every attempt to 
alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or 
to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together 
the various parts. 

For this you have every inducement of sympathy 
and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice of a com- 
mon country, that country has a right to concentrate 
your afiections. The n^ime of American, which be- 
longs to you in your national capacity, must always 
exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any 
appellation derived from local discriminations. With 
Blight shades of difference, you have the same 



115 

religion, manners, habits, and political principles. 
You have, in a common cause, fought and tri- 
umphed together ; the independence and liberty 
you possess are the work of joint counsels and 
joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and 
successes. 

But these considerations, however powerfully 
they address themselves to your sensibility, are 
greatly outweighed by those which apply more 
immediately to your interest ; here every portion of 
our country finds the most commanding motives for 
carefully guarding and preserving the union of the 
v^hole. 

The Korth, in an unrestrained intercourse with 
the South, protected by the equal laws of a common 
government, finds, in the productions of the latter, 
great additional resources of maritime and commer- 
cial enterprise, and precious materials of manufactur- 
ing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, 
benefiting by the agency of the North, sees its 
agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning 
partly into its own channels the seamen of the 
North, it finds its particular navigation invigorated ; 
and while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish 
and increase the general mass of the national naviga- 
tion, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime 
strength to which itself is unequally adapted. The 



116 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

East, in like intercourse with the West, already 
finds, and, in the progressive improvement of inte- 
rior communication, by land and water, will more 
and more find, a valuable vent for the commodities 
which it brings from abroad or manufactures at 
home. The West derives from the East supplies 
requisite for its growth and comfort, and, what is 
perhaps of still greater consequence, it must, of 
necessity, owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable 
outlets for its own productions to the weight, influ- 
ence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic 
side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble com- 
munity of interest as one nation. Any other tei:ure 
by which the West can hold this essential advan- 
tage, whether derived from its own separate strength 
or from an apostate and unnatural connection with 
any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious. 

While, then, every part of our country thus feels 
an immediate and particular interest in union, all 
the parts combined can not fail to find, in the united 
mass of means and efforts, greater strength, greater 
resource, proportion ably greater security from exter- 
nal danger, a less frequent interruption of their 
peace by foreign nations, and, what is of inestimable 
value, they must derive from union an exemption 
from those broils and wars between themselves, 
which so frequently afflict neighboring countries, not 



Washington's faeewell address. 117 

tied together bj the same goverDment, which thoir 
own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, 
but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, 
and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence^ 
likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those over- 
grown military establishments, which, under any 
form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and 
which are to bo regarded as particularly hostile to 
republican liberty ; in this sense it is that your union 
ought to be considered as the main prop of your lib- 
erty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to 
you the preservation of the other. 

These considerations speak a persuasive language 
to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit a 
continuance of the Union as a primary object of 
patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common 
government can embrace so large a sphere? Let 
experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation, 
in such a case, were criminal. We are authorized to 
hope that a proper organization of the whole, with 
the auxiliary agency of governments for the respec- 
tive subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the 
experiment. It is well worth a full and fair experi- 
ment. With such powerful and obvious motives to 
union, affecting all parts of our country, while expe- 
rience shall not have demonstrated its impractica- 
bility, there will always be reason to distrust the 



118 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor 
to weaken its bands. 

In contemphiting the causes which may disturb 
our Union, it occurs, as a matter of serious concern, 
that any ground should have been furnished for char- 
acterizing parties by geographical discriminations — 
Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western — 
whence designing men may endeavor to excite a 
belief that there is real diiference of local interests 
and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire 
influence within particular districts is to misrepresent 
the opinions and aims of other districts. You can 
not shield yourselves too much against the jealousies 
and heart-burnings which spring from these misrep- 
resentations ; they tend to render alien to each other 
those who ought to be bound together by fraternal 
affection. The inhabitants of our Western country 
have lately had a useful lesson on this head ; they 
have seen in the negotiation by the Executive, and 
in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the 
treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction 
at that event throughout the United States, a decisive 
proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated 
among them, of a policy in the general government, 
and in the Atlantic States, unfriendly to their inter- 
ests in regard to the Mississippi ; they have been wit- 
nesses to the formation of two treaties — that with 



119 



Great Britain and that with Spain — which secure to 
them everything thej could desire in respect to our 
foreign relations, toward confirming their prosperity. 
Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preserva- 
tion of these advantages on the Union by which they 
were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf 
to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever 
them from their brethren and connect them with 
aliens ? 

To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a 
government for the whole is indispensable. No alli- 
ance, however strict, between the parts, can be an 
adequate substitute ; they must inevitably experience 
the infractions and interruptions which all alliances, 
m all time, have experienced. Sensible of this mo- 
mentous truth, you have improved upon your first 
essay, by the adoption of a constitution of govern- 
ment better calculated than your former for an inti- 
mate Union, and for the efficacious management of 
your common concerns. This government, the off- 
spring of your own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, 
adopted upon full investigation and mature delibera- 
tion, completely free in its principles, in the distribu 
tion of its powers, uniting security with energy, and 
containing within itself a provision for its own 
amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and 
your support. Respect for its authority j compliance 



120 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties 
enjoined by the fundamental maxims of liberty. The 
basis of our political systems is the right of the people 
to make and to alter their constitutions of govern- 
ment ; but the constitution which at any time exists, 
till changed by an explicit and and authentic act of 
the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. 
The very idea of the power and tlie right of the peo- 
ple to establish government presupposes the duty 
of every individual to obey the established govern- 
ment. 

All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all 
combinations and associations, under whatever plausi- 
ble character, with the real design to direct, control, 
counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action 
of the constituted authorities, are destructive to this 
fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They 
serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and 
extraordinary force, to put in the place of the dele- 
gated will of the nation the will of a party — often a 
small but artful and enterprising minority of the 
community — and, according to the alternate triumphs 
of difierent parties, to make the public administration 
the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous 
projects of faction rather than the organ of consistent 
and wholesome plans, digested by common counsels, 
and modified by mutual interests. 



121 



Hc^wever combinations or associations of the 
above description may now and then answer popular 
ends, thej ai-e likely, in the course of time and 
things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, 
ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to 
subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for 
themselves the reins of government; destroying, 
afterward, the very engine wliich had lifted them to 
unjust dominion. 

Toward the preservation of your government, and 
the permanency of your present happy state, it is 
requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance 
irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, 
but also that you resist with care the spirit of inno- 
vation upon its principles, however specious the pre- 
texts. One method of assault may be to effect, in 
the forms of the constitution, alterations which will 
impair the energy of the system, and thus to under- 
mine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all 
the changes to which you may be invited, remember 
that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix 
the true character of governments as of other human 
institutions; that experience is the surest standard 
by which to test the real tendency of the existing 
constitution of a country ; that facility in changes, 
upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, ex- 
poses to perpetual change, from the endless variety 



122 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of hypothesis and opinion ; and remember, especially 
that for the efficient management of your common 
interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a govern- 
ment of as much vigor as is consistent with the per- 
fect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty 
itself will find in such a government, with powers 
properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. 
It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the gov- 
ernment is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of 
faction, to confine each member of the society within 
the limits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all 
in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of 
person and property. 

I have already intimated to you the danger of 
parties in the state, with particular reference to the 
founding of them on geographical discriminations. 
Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and 
warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the 
baneful eiFects of the spirit of party generally. 

This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our 
nature, having its root in the strongest passions of 
the human mind. It exists, under different shapes, 
in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or 
repressed ; but in those ot the popular form it is seeu 
in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. 

The alternate domination of one fiiction over an- 
other, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to 



WASHINGTON S FAKEWELL ADDRESS. 123 

party dissension, which, in different ages and coun- 
tries, has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is 
itself a frightful despotism. But this leads, at length, 
to a more formal and permanent despotism. Tlie 
disorders and miseries. which result gradually incline 
the minds of men to seek security and repose in tlie 
absolute power of an individual ; and, sooner or 
later, the chief of some prevailing faction, more able 
or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this 
disposition to the purposes of his own elevation on 
the ruins of public liberty. 

"Without looking forward to an extremity of this 
kind (which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely 
out of sight), the common and continued mischiefs of 
the spirit of party are suthcient to make it the inter- 
est and duty of a wise people to discourage and 
restrain it. 

It serves always to distract the public councils 
and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates 
the community with ill-founded jealousies and false 
alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against an- 
other; foments, occasionally, riot and insurrection. 
It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, 
which find a facilitated access to the government 
itself through the channels of party passions. Thus 
the policy and the will of one country are subjected 
U) the policy and will of another. 



124 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

There is an opinion that parties, in free countries, 
are useful checks upon the administration of the gov- 
ernment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. 
This, within certain limits, is probably true ; and in 
.governments of a monarchial cast, patriotism may 
look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the 
spirit of party. But in those of the popular charac- 
ter, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not 
to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it 
is certain there will always be enough of that spirit 
for every salutatory purpose. And there being con- 
stant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force 
of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A lire 
not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance 
to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of 
warming, it should consume. 

It is important, likewise, that the habits of think- 
ing, in a free country, should inspire caution in those 
intrusted with its administration, to confine them- 
selves within their respective constitutional spheres, 
avoiding, in the exercise of the powers of one depart- 
ment, to encroach upon another. The spirit of 
encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all 
the departments into one, and thus to create, what- 
ever the form of government, a real despotism. A 
just estimate of that love of power and proneness to 
abuse it which predominate in the human heart is 



Washington's farewell addeess. 125 

sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position. 
The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of 
political power, bj dividing and distributing it into 
different depositories, and constituting each the 
guardian of the public weal, against invasion bj the 
others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient 
and modern — some of them in our own country and 
under our own eyes. To preserve them must be as 
necessary as to institute them. If, in the opinion of 
the people, the distribution or modification of the 
constitutional powers be, in any particular, wrong, 
let it be corrected by an amendment in the way 
which the constitution designates. But let there be 
no change by usurpation ; for though this, in one 
instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the 
customary weapon by which free governments are 
destroyed. The precedent must always greatly 
overbalance, in permanent evil, any partial or 
transient benefit which the use can, at any time, 
yield. 

Of all the disposition? and habits which lead to 
political prosperity, religion and morality are indis- 
pensable supports. In vain would that man claim 
the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert 
these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest 
props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere 
politician, equally with the pious man, ought to 



126 NATION^AIi HAim-BOOK. 

respect and to cherish them. A vohime could not 
trace all their connections with private and public 
felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the 
security for property, for reputation, for life, if the 
sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which 
are the instruments of investigation in courts of 
justice ? And let us with caution indulge the sup- 
position that morality can be maintained without 
religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influ- 
ence of refined education on minds of peculiar 
structure, reason and experience both forbid us to 
expect that national morality can prevail in exclu- 
sion of religious principles. 

It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is 
a necessary spring of popular government. The 
rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every 
species of free government. Who that is a sincere 
friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts 
to shake the foundation of the fabric ? 

Promote, then, as an object of primary impor- 
tance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowl- 
edge. In proportion as a structure of a government 
gives force to public opinion, it is essential that 
public opinion should be enlightened. 

As a very important source of strength and 
security, cherish public credit. One method of pre- 
serving it is to use it as sparingly as possible ; 



127 



avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, 
but remembering, also, that timely disbursements to 
prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater 
disbursements to repel it ; avoiding, likewise, the 
accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions 
of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of 
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars 
may have occasioned ; not ungenerously throwing 
upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought 
to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs to 
your representatives, but it is necessary that public 
opinion should cooperate. To facilitate to them the 
performance of their duty, it is essential that, you 
should practically bear in mind that toward the pay- 
ment of debts there must be revenue ; that to have 
revenue there must be taxes ; that no taxes can be 
devised which are not more or less inconvenient and 
unpleasant ; that the intrinsic embarrassment insepa- 
rable from the selection of the proper objects (which 
is always a choice of difficulties), ought to be a deci- 
sive motive for a candid construction of the conduct 
of the government in making it, and for a spirit of 
acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue 
which the public exigencies may at any time dictate. 
Observe good faith and justice toward all nations ; 
cultivate peace and harmony with all ; religion and 
morality enjoin this conduct, and can it be that 



128 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

good polic}' does not really enjoin it? It uill be 
worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant 
period, a great nation, to give to mankind the mag- 
nanimous and too novel example of a people always 
guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. 
Who can doubt that, in the course of time and 
things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay 
any temporary advantages which might be lost by a 
steady adherence to it ? Can it be that Providence 
has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation 
with its virtue ? The experiment, at least, is recom- 
mended by every sentiment which ennobles human 
nature. Alas ! it is rendered impossible by its 
vices ? 

In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more 
essential than that permanent inveterate antipathies 
against particular nations, and passionate attach- 
ments for others, should be excluded, and that, in 
place of them, just and amicable feelings toward all 
should be cultivated. The nation which indulges 
toward another an habitual hatred, or an habitual 
fondness, is, in some degree, a slave. It is a slave to 
its animosity or its affection, either of which is suffi 
cient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. 
Antipathy in one nation against another disposes 
each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay 
hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty 



129 



anv^ntractable when accidental or trifling occasions 
of dispute occur. Hence, frequent collisions, obsti- 
nate, envenomed, and bloody contests. The nation, 
prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes 
impels to war the government, contrary to the best 
calculations of policy. The government sometimes 
participates in the national propensity, and adopts, 
through passion, what reason would reject ; at other 
times it makes the animosity of the nation subservi- 
ent to projects of hostility, instigated by pride, 
ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives. 
The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty of 
nations, has been the victim. 

So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one 
nation to another produces a variety of evils. Sym- 
pathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion 
of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no 
real common interest exists, and infusing into one 
the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a 
participation into the quarrels and wars of the latter, 
without adequate inducement or justification. It 
leads also to concessions to the favorite nation of 
privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to 
injure the nation making the concessions, by unnec- 
essarily parting with what ought to have been 
retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a 

disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom 
9 



130 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

equal privileges are withheld ; and it gives to ambi 
tious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote 
themselves to the favorite nation), facility to betray 
or sacrifice the interest of their own country, with- 
out odium, sometimes even witli popularity ; gilding 
with the appearance of a virtuous sense of obligation, 
a commendable deference for public opinion, or a 
laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish 
compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation. 

As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable 
ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to 
the truly enlightened and independent patriot. 
How many opportunities do they afford to tamper 
with domestic factions, to practice the art of seduc- 
tion, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe 
the public councils ! Such an attachment of a small 
or weak toward a great and powerful nation dooms 
the former to be the satellite of the latter. 

Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I 
conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jeal- 
ousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, 
since history and experience prove that foreign 
influence is one of the most baneful foes of repub- 
lican government. But that jealousy, to be useful, 
must be impartial, else it becomes the instrument of 
the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defense 
against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign 



131 



nation, and excessive dislike for another, cause those 
whom they actuate to see danger only on one 
side, and serve to vail, and even second, the arts of 
influence on the other. Eeal patriots, who may 
resist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to 
become suspected and odious, while its tools and 
dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the peo- 
ple, to surrender their interests. 

The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to 
foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial rela- 
tions, to have with them as little political connection 
as possible. So far as we have already formed 
engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good 
faith. Here let us stop. 

Europe has a set of primary interests, which to 
us have none or a very remote relation. Hence she 
must be engaged in frequent controversies, the 
causes of which are essentially foreign to our con- 
cerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us 
to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the or- 
dinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary 
combinations and collisions of her friendships or 
enmities. 

Our detached and distant situation invites and 
enables us to pursue a difierent course. If we 
remain one people, under an efiicient government, 
the period is not far off when we may defy material 



132 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

injury from external annoyance, when we may take 
such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may 
at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected 
— when belligerent nations, under the impossibility 
of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightl;y 
hazard the giving us provocation — when we may 
choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by jus- 
tice, shall counsel. 

Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a 
situation ? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign 
ground ? Why, by interweaving our destiny with 
that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and 
prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rival- 
ship, interest, humor, or caprice ? 

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent 
alliances with any portion of the foreign world ; so 
far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it ; for 
let me not be understood as capable of patronizing 
infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the 
maxim no less applicable to public than to private 
affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I 
repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be 
observed in their genuine sense. But, in mj 
opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, to 
extend them. 

Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable 
establishments, on a respectable defensive posture, 



Washington's fakewell address. 133 

we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extra- 
ordinary emergencies. 

Harmony, and a liberal intercourse with all 
nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and 
interest. But even our commercial policy should 
hold an equal and impartial hand ; neither seeking 
nor granting exclusive favors or preferences ; con- 
sulting the natural course of things ; diffusing and 
diversifying, by gentle means, the streams of com- 
merce, but forcing nothing ; establishing, with 
powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable 
course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to 
enable the government to support them, conven- 
tional rules of intercourse, the best that present 
circumstances and mutual opinions will permit, but 
temporary, and liable to be, from time to time, 
abandoned or varied, as experience and circum- 
stances shall dictate ; constantly keeping in view 
that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested 
favors from another ; that it must pay, with a por- 
tion of its independence, for whatever it may accept 
under that character ; that by such acceptance it 
may place itself in the condition of having given 
equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being 
reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. 
There can be no greater error than to expect, or 
calculate upon, real favors from nation to nation 



134 NATTOKAL HAND-BOOlS. 

It is an illusion which experience must cure, which a 
just pride ought to discard. 

In offering to you, mj countrymen, these counsels 
of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope 
they will make the strong and lasting impression I 
could wish — that they will control the usual current 
of the passions, or prevent our nation from running 
the course which has hitherto marked the destiny of 
nations ; but if I may even flatter myself that they 
may be productive of some partial benefit, some 
occasional good, that they may now and then recur 
to moderate the fury of party spirit, to warn against 
the mischiefs of foreign intrigues, to guard against 
the impostures of pretended patriotism — this hope 
will be a full recompense for the solicitude for your 
welfare by which they have been dictated. 

How far, in the discharge of my ofiicial duties, I 
have been guided by the principles which have been 
delineated, the public records, and other evidences 
of my conduct, must witness to you and the world. 
To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is, 
that I have at least believed myself to be guided by 
them. 

In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, 
my proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the 
index to my plan. Sanctioned by your approving 
voice, and by that of your representatives in both 



WASHIKGIUN'S FAEEWELL ALDEESS. 135 

Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has 
continually governed me, uninfluenced by any 
attempts to deter or divert me from it. 

After deliberate examination, with the aid of the 
best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that 
our country, under all the circumstances of the case, 
had a right to take, and was bound in duty and in- 
terest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I 
determined, as far as should depend upon me, to main- 
tain it with moderation, perseverance, and firmness. 

The considerations which respect the right to 
hold this conduct, it is not necessary on this occasion 
to detail. I will only observe that, according to my 
understanding of the matter, that right, so far from 
being denied by any of the belligerent powers, has 
been virtually admitted by all. 

The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be 
inferred, without anything more, from the obligation 
which justice and humanity impose on every nation, 
in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate 
the relations of peace and amity toward other nations. 

The inducements of interest, for observing that 
conduct, will be best referred to your own reflections 
and experience. With me, a predominant motive has 
been to endeavor to gain time to our country to 
settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to 
progress, without interruption, to that degree of 



136 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Btrength and consistency whicli is necessary to give it, 
humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes 
Though, in reviewing the incidents of my admin- 
istration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I 
am, nevertheless, too sensible of my defects not to 
think it probable that I may have committed many 
errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech 
the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which 
they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope 
that my country will never cease to view them with 
indulgence, and that, after forty-five years of my life 
dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults 
of incompetent abilities will be consigned to oblivion, 
as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest. 

Eelying on its kindness in this, as in other things, 
and actuated by that fervent love toward it which is 
so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of 
himself and his progenitors for several generations 
I anticipate, with pleasing expectation, that retreat 
in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, 
the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of 
my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws 
under a free government — the ever favorite object of 
my heart — and the happy reward, as I trust, of our 
mutual cares, labors, and dangers. 

George Washington". 
tjNiTBD States, 17th September^ 1796. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 137 

THE FIRST PRAYER IN CONGRESS, 

BY THE REV. DAVID DUCHE, D.D. 

Rector of Christ Churchy Philadelphia. 

O Lord, our Heavenly Father, high and mighty 
King of kings and Lord of lords, who dost from Thy 
throne behold all the dwellers of the earth, and 
reign est with power supreme and uncontrollable over 
the kingdoms, empires, and governments, look down 
in mercy, we beseech Thee, on these American States, 
who have fled to Thee from the rod of the oppressor 
and thrown themselves on Thy gracious protection. 
Desiring to be henceforth only dependent on Thee, to 
Thee have they appealed for the righteousness of 
their cause : to Thee do they now look up for that 
countenance and support which Thou alone canst 
give. Take them, therefore. Heavenly Father, under 
Thy nurturing care : give them wisdom in council 
and valor in the field. Defeat the malicious designs 
of our adversaries, convince them of the unrighteous- 
ness of their cause ; and, if they still persist in their 
sanguinar}^ purpose, O ! let the voice of Thy unerring 
justice, sounding in their hearts, constrain them to 
drop the weapons of war in their unnerved hands in 
the day of battle. Be Thou present, O God of wis- 
dom, and direct the councils of this honorable assem- 
bly ; enable them to settle things on the best and 
surest foundation, that the scene of blood may be 
speedily closed ; that order, harmony, and peace may 
be restored, and truth and justice, religion and piety 
prevail and flourish among the people. Preserve the 
health of their bodies and the vigor of their minds ; 
shower down on them and the millions they represent, 
such temporal blessings as Thou seest expedient for 
them in this world, and crown them with everlasting 
glory in the world to come. All this we ask in the 
name and through the merits of Jesus Christ, Thy 
Son, our Saviour. Amen. — TJiatcher's Military JouV" 
ml, Dec, 1777. 



13S 



National aAND-BooK 



o 






^ ? fe 



;3; & ^' 



o o o o o 



;<M in rl -r^ 7-1 



CO >o 






o o 



CM • P. .^c^ 



-> • ^ O 



O Ofl I 



tN ^ 



CO — 



o o o o o 



o o o 



E -2 



c w 



Si 5 
iJ5 o 



c* 






S 2 



(M ^ (M 



b - ® 

c Si-^ 



cj in ^ c3 



■oo o o 



. . * • 

• 2 • 

: a '. 

® . ;=; a) 



iU gig 
i- s S 
X MP 






Q i 






CO 

:1^^« 1 



:■!« = § ^ 



52§ 

fcl be S-O 



2 s o ^ 

s s > "a 



01 ;J t- O 



:^5 ^ ^: 



: c o 
:0^ 



&: a ^ 



o) mc5 

'-5 OO 



HMO' fe^sa o 



: -/^ 



^^. 



^^2 

c ' -0 „ ^ - 

-T- — -p G c JO iJ 



■ o< 



cj a 1^ [V, ^ ti 
2 o 1) *^ so 

M C9 O — V— y:CM 



ci cTrH o» 



iS S "^ts 



to -^^ 






^ c^ -^^ 

4- « J 

OQ cfi O 



o o o 
O OO 



BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION. 



139 






.o 



O ? o-l 

CO 2j_ 

o o 



& (i 









o ooo o ooooo 
o coo o ooooo 

O 00<» O «00»OC5 



ooo o ooo 

0> O O O O O lO 
ooo C<l 



o o>yD -^^j t- 



lO O O • O' O lO 
■^ -^ 1-1 • -q- C5lO 



^ CO " O, 

P .OO 

>> Jd I- o 

-< — o 



^ ^ 

S 2 


:|st 




: :Sc.S 


i5* 


— ' -t 


■^4^ 




: :^S^ 


• M 


J- '-' 


s => 









• : o o ^ ^ . 



o 000- 



•^ O' CO CO o> 



05 O O ( 



1^0 • r-t 



•- n t^ 



-H 0/ c^ 



a 






Plill.lllfl^lllHm^^ 

-~ir».n. r> r"i5Mri.,'~i c_i rhc_i'-~i r^ t-. fk. & C-i '-> n ri 55 r- r -. 



:^ : : 

Mi 






= ^ :d *• &c - .Si - 
■■- ^ ^ = " - S o 



C5C-' 2 22ts3 



^ • CO 

'< 

C ci I) 



3 ^-i = a 5 
OJ <D c ^ .5 .5 o 



OSS O 

c S 5 c 

0-3 3 0) 

Or/;-/) O 



S S = S 



fcD 

S300 
= -.: c c 

o5oo 



Ofxf 



O^s :;) O 






15 A^ 



02 IZJ »• 



O 

.£ ;5 ^-^ "S t a *S .' - C ^ 

" HH ~ . - ?> S So ^Cjd o . - 

3 i3 c bo f^ ^ .S 5 2 ^ 5 



d^ : 



•2 -zn 






■5 . 5 -^ 5 "H 



;^ a 



S i > 3 c3 



2 5 „<" ^ rt -M > 
CAD ^T>~c>-/}a > 






i^sl 



'^''jt'-^ca 



H.Ji-31^ 

O cj SO 



. _.':r fcD 



Q 




o 


^ 


Ott 




g' 


1^ 


6 


■tj 


fcn^ 


r. 










-^2 


'-^ 



^ t— ^ 
- t- - 



0)2; Hj 



(M «) O^ <M of^ 

s^ >> tb ij - -fl 



3 3 = - u i2 l2 



c^ib to 

3 3 3 3 



00 (^f o", 



r- (N " O] :_, ' 



140 



NATIOKAL fiA]!?D-B00K 



THE NAVY OF THE EEVOLUTION. 

In December, 1775, Congress passed an Act order- 
ing the building of thirteen vessels, three of 24 guns, 
five of 28, five of 32, with Ezekiel Hopkins as Com- 
mander-in-Chief, as follows : — 



Name. 


No. of guns. 


History. 


Hancock . . 


32 


Captured by the British in 
1777. 


Congress . . 


28 


Destroyed in the Hudson 
River to avoid capture 
in 1777, never having 
been to sea. 


Montgomery. 
Delaware . . 


28 
24 


Do do do. 
Captured in the Delaware 
River 1777. 


Randolph. . 


32 


Blown up in action with 
the British ship Yar- 
moath, 64 guns, in 1778. 


Washington . 


32 


Destroyed in the Delaware 
by the British, before 
getting to sea in 1778. 


Effingham . 


28 


Do do do. 


Raleigh . . 


32 


Captured by the British in 

1778. 


Virginia . . 


28 


Captured by the British in 
1778, off the capes of the 
Delaware, before getting 
to sea. 


Warren . . 


32 


Burned in the Penobscot 
River in 1779, to prevent 
falling into the enemy's 
hands. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



141 



Name. 


No 


of guns. 


History. 


Providence . 




28 


Seized by the British at 
the capture of Charles- 
ton, S. C, in 1780. 


Boston . . 




24 


Do do do. 


Trumbull. . 




28 


Captured by the British 
ship Watt, in 1781. 



Such is the story in brief of the " original thir- 
teen " vessels. Not one survived in the possession 
of the Colonies to the close of the war. About ten 
vessels of a force ranging from 24 guns down to 10, 
and two even smaller, were purchased and fitted out 
as cruisers, while the " thirteen " were building. 

The navy of the Revolution was disbanded at the 
close of the war ; the officers gave up their commis- 
sions; the few public vessels that remained were 
sold. Several of the States maintained small cruisers, 
with the consent of Congress. During the last year 
or two of the war, it had dwindled almost to nothing. 
This was in part due to the fact that its place was 
taken by the French. The assertion of sovereignty 
on the seas was not yet thought of, while indepen- 
dence on the land was not secured. 

The most remarkable naval engagement of the 
Revolution was fought off the coast of Scotland on 
the evening of Sept. 23d, 1779, between the Bon 
Homme Richard, of 40 guns, commanded by Paul 
Jones, and the Serapis, a British frigate of 44 guns, 
under Capt. Pearson. The Serapis surrendered with 
a loss of 150. The Richard lost 300 in killed and 
wounded, and while sinking the crew was transferred 
to the Serapis. — Cooper s Naval History of U. S. 



142 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

SYNOPSIS OF LAWS PEETAINING TO SLAVEKY. 

Ordinances of 1787; pertained to the government 
of the teri'itoiy of the U. S., northwest of the Ohio 
River and prohibited shivery in said territory, and 
provided for the return of fugitives, to those claim- 
ing their service. 

Fugitive Slave Bill of 1793; provided for the 
return of fugitives from justice and persons escaping 
from the service of their masters, by requisition of the 
Governor of the State from whence they escaped, 
on the Governor of the State in which they may be 
found; and inflicts a penalty of a flne and imprison- 
ment for harboring, concealing or aiding in their 
escape. 

The Missouri Compromise Act of 1820; author- 
ized the people of the Missouri Territory to organize 
a State Government, on an equal footing with the 
original States, and prohibited slavery in certain ter- 
ritories. 

Fugitive Slave Bill of 1850 ; was amendatory of 
the law of 1793, and made it obligatory upon any 
justice of the peace, magistrate, marshal or deputy 
marshal, when called upon to enforce the law of 
1793, under a penalty of ^1000, and commanded all 
good citizens to aid and assist in the prompt execu- 
tion of this law, whenever their services were re- 
quired. 

The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1857 ; upon the 
organization of those two territories, left it free for 
tlie people of every territory on becoming a State-^to 
adopt or reject slavery. 

The Dred Scott Decision. — See page 142. 

Emancipation Proclamation. — See page 333. 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



143 



SLAVE POPULATION IN THE U. S. IN 1860. 



States. 1860. 

Alabama 435,132 

Arkansas 111,104 

Delaware 1,798 

Florida 61,753 

Georgia 462,230 

Kentucky 225,490 

Louisiana 332,520 

Maryland 87,188 

Mississippi 436,696 

Missouri 114,965 



States. ISOO, 

North Carolina 331,081 

South Carolina 402,r)41 

Tennessee 275,784 

Texas 180,388 

Virginia 490,887 

Nebraska (Territory). 10 

Utah " 29 

New Mexico " 24 

District of Columbia. 3,181 

Total 3,952.801 



STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE 
REVOLUTION. 

AMEBIC AN 8LAVEEY IN 1715. 



In the reign of George I., the ascertained popula- 
tion of the Continental Colonies was as follows : 

White Men. Negro Slave* 

New Hampshire 9,500 150 

Massachusetts 94,000 2,000 

Rhode Island 7,500 500 

Connecticut 46,000 1,500 

New York 27,000 4,000 

Pennsylvania 43,800 2,500 

New Jersey 21,000 1,500 

Maryland 40,700 9,400 

Virginia 72,000 28,000 

North Carolina 7,500 3,700 

South Carolina 6,250 10,500 

Total 375,000 58,550 



lU 



NA'ilO.NAL IlA^'i>-B•OOK 

FIRST ADMINISTRATION. 




George Washington. — The ancestors of George Wash- 
ington emigrated from England to Virginia, in 1657, and 
settled in Westmoreland County, on the banks of the Po- 
tomac. His father's name was Augustine, and he is said to 
have been a wealthy planter in the Old Dominion. He died 
April, 1743, leaving large possessions to be distributed among 
liis children. 

The maiden name of Washington's mother was Mary Ball, 
a lady of refined taste and noble character. 

Washington was born on the 2 2d of February, 1732. 
His early education was acquired under the immediate in- 
spection of his devoted mother, and such instructors as she 
saw fit to employ. At the age of sixteen he had completed 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 145 

his studies, and was eager to enter upon a career of activity 
and usefulness. 

He would probably have been sent to England to com- 
plete his education, had his father lived ; for it was custom- 
ary among wealthy planters of the South to send their sons 
to Europe for this purpose. 

Had this been done, it might possibly have changed Wash- 
ington's whole career, and even seriously affected the destiny 
of the American nation. 

In his boyhood he was distinguished for his ardent love of 
military life ; and when only nineteen years of age, he was 
placed over a militia district, with the rank of major. His 
subsequent military career was eventful and thrilling in its 
character. In 1759 he was united in marriage to Mrs. 
Martha Custis, an accomplished lady of Welsh descent. At 
about this time, he was elected a member of the House of 
Burgesses, and evinced rare judgment and fidelity in the dis- 
charge of his duties. The second Continental Congress 
elected him Commander-in-Chief of the American Army, 
and he accepted the solemn trust with all the modesty and 
dignity of his great nature. 

Congress had already fixed the pay of the Commander-in- 
Chief at $6000 a year ; but, in accepting the position, Wash- 
ington showed that he was uninfluenced by mercenary mo- 
tives. He scorned the idea of making the position minister 
to his personal emolument. He distinctly assured the Con- 
gress that he would accept no remuneration, and would only 
ask that the expenses actually incurred in the service should 

be paid. " I do not wish," said he, " to make any profit out 

10 



146 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

of it." And when, in 1797, President Adams, anticipating 
war with France, called him once more to the command of 
the American Army, he reiterated the same sentiment. " I 
must decline," said he, " having my acceptance considered as 
drawing after it any immediate charge upon the public; or 
that I can receive any emolument annexed to the appoint- 
ment, before entering into a situation to incur expense." 
How generous and self-sacrificing the conduct of this great 
chieftain appears, especially when contrasted with the grasp- 
ing, self-seeking spirit of the present age ! On the 3d of 
July, 1775, he assumed command of the army at Cambridge, 
Mass. The evacuation of Boston by the British ; the trans- 
fer of the war to New York ; the masterly retreat through 
the Jerseys ; and the subsequent brilliant career of Washing- 
ton as a military leader, are familiar to all readers of history. 

In 1789 he was unanimously elected to the Presidency, 
and inaugurated amid great demonstrations of popular favor, 
on the 30th of April, 1789. 

In 1794 he was re-elected, and served the nation with the 
same fidelity and success that had so pre-eminently distin- 
guished his previous career. 

He died on the 14th of December, 1799, at Mount Ver- 
non. Distant nations were smitten with sorrow when he 
died, and wept with his own beloved nation, as her tears fell 
upon the grave of the citizen and soldier. " First in war, 
first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." 



John Adams, Vice-President. — For biographical sketch, 
see Second Administration. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 147 

Electoral Vote. — First Administration, \st Term. — • 
Under the Constitution as it then existed, each elector voted 
for two candidates ; the one receiving the highest number of 
votes was declared President, and the next highest Vice-Pres- 
ident. Ten States voting — Va., N. H., Mass., Conn., N. J., 
Pa., Del., Md., S. Ca., and Ga. Whole number of Electors, 
69. N. Ca. and R. I. had not ratified the Constitution, and 
N. Y. had failed to make provisions for electors. 

George Washington, of Va., irrespective of party, received 
the unanimous vote, 69. 

John Adams, of Mass., 34, and was declared Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

John Jay, N. Y., 9. R. H. Harrison, Md., 6. 

John Rutledge, S. Ca., 6. John Hancock, Mass., 4. 
Geo. Clinton, N. Y., 3. Sam'l Huntington, Ct., 2. 
John Milton, Ga., 2. Jas. Armstrong, Ga., 1. 

Edw'd Telfair, Ga., 1. Benj. Lincoln, Mass., 1. 

Electoral Vote. — ^st Administration, 2d Term. — Fif- 
teen States voting — R. I. and N. Ca. having ratified the Con- 
stitution, and two new States had been admitted, Vt. and Ky. 
Whole number of Electors, 132. 

George Washington, of Va., for President, received 132 
votes, and was declared unanimously elected. 

John Adams, of Mass., for Vice-President, received 77 
votes. 

Geo. Clinton, N. Y., 50 ; Thos. Jefferson, Va., 4 ; Aaron 
Burr, N. Y., 1. 



148 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Important Events of First Administration. 

1789 March 4. The first Congress under the Constitu- 

tion met in Federal Hall, Wall St., New York 
City ; James Langdon, N. H., Pres. pro tern, 

April 30. Geo. Washington took the oath of office 

as President, administered by Chancellor Liv- 
ingston. 

1790 First census of U. S. taken— 3,929,326. 

The Register of the Treasury reported the estimated 

cost of the seven years' war at $135,000,000. 

April 17. Benjamin Franklin died, aged 84. 

1791 United States Bank established, Philadelphia. 

March 4. Vermont admitted into the Union. 

1792 June 1. Kentucky admitted into the Union. 

United States Mint established. 

1793 Congress adopts the Fugitive Slave Bill. 

Coal mines discovered at Lehigh, Pa. 

1794 Gen. Wayne defeats the Indians on the frontier. 

1795 Jay's Treaty with Great Britain ratified. 

The Cotton-gin invented by Eli Whitney. 

1796 June 1. Tennessee admitted into the Union. 

Sept. 17. Washington issues his Farewell Address. 

Cabinet Officers, 1st Administration — 1789 to 1797. 

Secretaries of State — Thomas Jefferson, Va. ; Edmund 
Randolph, Va. ; T. Pickering, Mass. 

Secretaries of Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, N. Y. ; 
Oliver Wolcott, Conn. 

Secretaries of War and N'aiy — Henry Knox, Mass. ; T. 
Pickering, Mass. ; James McHenry, Md. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 149 

Postmasters General — Sam'l Osgood, Mass. ; T. Picker- 
ing, Mass. ; Jos. Habersham, Ga. 

Attorneys- General — Edmund Randolph, Ya. ; Wm. Brad- 
ford, Pa. ; Charles Lee, Va. 

National Expenses and Debt, 1st Administration. 

Tear. Expenses. Debt. 

1791 $ 7,207,539 $75,463,476 

1792 9,141,569 77,227,924 

1793 7,529,575 80,352,634 

1794 9,302,124 78,427,404 

1795 10,405,069 80,747,587 

1796 8,367,776 83,762,172 

Imports and Exports, 1st Administration. 

Year, Imports. Exports. 

1790 $23,000,000 $20,205,156 

1791 29,200,000 19,012,041 

1792 31,500,000 20,753,098 

1793 31,000,000 26,109,572 

1794 34,600,000 33,026.233 

1795 - - - - 69,756,268 47,989,472 

1796 81,436,164 67,064,097 



150 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



SECOND ADMINISTRATION. 




John Adams. — Second President of the United States, 
was born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19th, 1735. His an- 
cestry may be traced back to Henry Adams, who settled at 
Braintree, in 1640. His early educational advantaijes were 
of a very superior order. He was a good student and grad- 
uated at Harvard, 1755. He devoted himself for a time 
to teaching and to the study of law. and in Oct. 1758, was 
admitted to the bar as Attorney at Law. In 1764, he mar- 
ried Abigail Smith, whose ancestors were of Colonial fame. 
He became a prominent actor in the stirring events and 
scenes of the times. His first political step of any special 
significance was taken by the delivery of an address in op- 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 151 

position to the Stamp Act of Great Britain. When the first 
outbreak at Lexington occurred, he joined the patriot forces 
in defending their liberties and lives. In 1774, he was 
chosen a member of the Continental Congress and honor- 
ably represented his constituents in that body. He had the 
honor of proposing George Washington as Commander-in- 
Chief of the American Army, and the proposal reflects 
great credit upon his judgment. He assisted in preparing 
the Declaration of Independence and bore an active part in 
the debate it occasioned. In Nov., 1777, he was appointed 
Minister to France. He was the first American Minister to 
Great Britain, being appointed in 1785. In 1788, he was 
elected to the office of Vice-President, and performed its 
duties with zeal and success. He was elected President in 
1797, defeating Jefferson in the contest for that position. 
His administration was active and at first popular with the 
people, but was environed with difficulties of a perplexing 
character and closed amid the unscrupulous upbraidings of 
his political foes. Leaving Washington, he returned to the 
retirement of his quiet home, and there, with the grand 
sentiment of " Independence forever ! " breaking from his 
lips, he passed away, on the 4th day of July, 1826. 



Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. — For biographical 
sketch, see Third Administration. 



152 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Electoral Vote, Second Administration. 

Sixteen States voting, Tennessee having been admitted 
during the First Adm. Whole number of Electors, 140. 

John Adams, of Mass., Federal, received 71 Electoral 
votes, and was declared President. 

Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, received 68 Elec- 
toral votes, and was declared Vice-President. 

Thomas Pinckney, S. Ca., 58 ; Aaron Burr, N. Y., 36. 

Samuel Adams, Mass., 15 ; Oliver Ellsworth, Conn., 11. 

George Clinton, of N. Y., 7 ; John Jay, of N. Y., 5. 

James Iredell, N. Ca., 3 ; Samuel Johnston, N. Ca., 2. 

George Washington, of Va., 2 ; John Henry, of Md., 2. 

Charles C. Pinckney, of S. Ca., 1. 

Important events of the 2d Administration. 

1797 March 4. John Adams inaugurated President. 

Difficulties arise with France. Congress convened 

preparatory for war. 

1798 George Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief 

of the American Armies, with the rank and title 
of Lieut.-General. 

— Alien and sedition laws passed Congress. The first 

gave power to the President to expel from the 
country aliens suspected of conspiring against the 
government. The sedition law was designed to 
suppress publications that were disloyal to the 
Republic. 
1799 Dec. 14. Death of Washington, in his 68th year. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 153 

1799 Feb. Naval combat between the U. S. Frigate Con- 

stitution and the French frigate L'Insurgente, the 
latter captured. 

Feb. 26. Three Commissioners sent to negotiate 

peace with France. 

1800 The Capital located at Washington. 

Sept. 30. Treaty of Peace concluded with France. 

Cabinet Officers, 2d Administration — 1797-1801. 

Secretaries of State — Timothy Pickering, Mass. ; John 
Marshall, Ya. 

Secretarifs of the Treaswy — Oliver Wolcott, Conn. ; Sam- 
uel Dexter, Mass. 

Secretaries of War — James McHenry, Md. ; Samuel Dex- 
ter, Mass. ; Roger Griswold, Conn. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, Mass. ; Benjamin 
Stoddert, Md. 

Postmaster- General — Joseph Habersham, Ga. 

Attorney- General — Charles Lee, Va. 

National Expenses and Debt, 2d Administration. 
Year. Expenses. Debt. 

1797 $ 8,626,012 $82,064,479 

1798 8,613,507 79,228,529 

1799 - - 11,077,043 78,408,669 

1800 11,989,739 82,976,291 

Imports and Exports, 2d Administration. 
Tear. Imports. Exports. 

1797 $75,379,406 $56,850,206 

1798 68,551,700 61,527,097 

1799 - . - 79,089,148 78,665,522 

1800 91,252,768 70,970,780 



154 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

THIRD ADMINISTRATION. 




Thomas Jefferson. — Not least renowned among the 
historic characters of the American Republic, is Thomas Jef- 
erson, third President of the United States. 

He was born at Shadwell, Virginia, April 2d, 1743. 
His ancestors were of Welsh extraction. His father de- 
cided to give him a classical education, and sent him, as a 
student to William and Mary College. 

He was very studious and made rapid advancement ; at 
the end of two years left College and began the study of law. 

He pursued his legal studies for five years, and thus laid 
the foundation for that great skill and ability that distin- 
guished him as a counsellor and logician. 

In 1769, he was elected to the House of Burgesses, and 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 155 

at once became an active and prominent member. In 1772, 
he was united in wedlock to Mrs. Martha Skelton, a lady of 
great personal worth and beauty. At about this time he 
was elected a member of Congress, and proved himself in 
every way worthy of the honor. 

He was chosen to prepare the immortal Declaration of 
Independence, which, after a stirring debate of three days, 
was adopted on the Fourth of July, 1776. He was elected 
Governor of Virginia, in 1779, and held the office for two 
years. In 1784, he was selected to negotiate with European 
Statesmen, upon the subject of commercial treaties. 

He was elected to the office of Vice-President, in 1797, and 
at the next election was chosen President. In his inauo-ural 

o 

address, he used the following memorable expression : " We 
are called by different names, brethren of the same princi- 
ple. We are all republicans : we are all federalists. If 
there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this 
Union, or to change its republican form, let them stand, un- 
disturbed, as monuments of the safety with which error op 

OPINION MAY BE TOLERATED, WHERE REASON IS LEFT FREE 

TO COMBAT IT." His administration was so popular that, 
at its close, he was elected for a second term, by a very 
large electoral vote. His second administration was active 
and aggressive in its policy, and contributed to the growth 
and stability of the nation. He died at the age of eighty- 
three, on the 4th day of July, 1826. 

Aaron Burr, Vice-President, was born at Newark, N. J., 
Feb. 6, 1756. Died on Staten Island Sept. 14, 1836. He 
graduated at Princeton, 1772, admitted to the bar at Albany, 



156 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1782, elected to tlie Legislature in 1784, to the United States 
Senate in 1791, and to the Vice-Presidency in 1800. 

Electoral Vote. — Third Administration^ \st Term, — 
Sixteen States voting. Whole number of Electors, 188. 

Thomas Jefferson^ Va., Democrat, and Aaron Burr, N. 
Y., Democrat, each having received 73 ; John Adams, 
Mass., Federal 65 ; Charles C. Pinckney, S. C, 64 ; John 
Jay, N. Y., 1. No choice was made by the people, and con- 
sequently the House of Representatives proceeded to the 
choice ot President according to tiie provisions of the Con- 
stitution, and upon the 36th ballot — 

Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, was elected Pres. 

Aaron Burr, of N. Y., Democrat, was elected Vice-Pres. 

Electoral Vote. — Third Administration, '2d Term. — 
Seventeen States voting, Ohio having been admitted during 
the previous term. Whole number of Electors, 176. 

Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, for President, re- 
ceived 1 62 votes, and was declared elected. 

George Clinton, of N. Y., Democrat, for Vice-President, 
received 4 62 votes, and was declared elected. 

Charles C. Pinckney, S. C, Federal, for President, 14; 
Rufus King, N. Y., Federal, for Vice-Pres., 14. 

Important Events of the 3d Administration. 

1801 March 4. Thomas Jefferson inaugurated President. 
The internal revenue law repealed ; its enforcement 

led to the "Whiskey Rebellion" in Pa. in 1794. 
— ^ June 10. Tripoli declares war against the United 

States, by demanding of Capt. Bainbridge the use 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 157 

of U. S. frigate Geo. Washington to convey an 
ambassador to Constantinople, he was obliged to 
comply or submit to destruction from the Castle 
guns of the harbor. 

1802 Nov. 29. Ohio admitted as a State. 

West Point Military Academy founded. 

1803 April 30. Louisiana purchased of France for $15,- 

000,000. 
— Com. Preble and his fleet sent to demand restitution 
from Algiers and Tripoli for piracies. 

1804 July 1 1. Hamilton killed in a duel with Burr. The 

difficulty grew out of a political quarrel. 

1805 June 3. Peace declared between Tripoli and U. S. 

1806 Aaron Burr charged with treason in attempting to 

set up an Empire west of the Alleghanies. He 
was tried and acquitted of conspiracy. 

England persists in searching American vessels for 

suspected deserters from the British navy, and 
thus impressing American seamen. These repeat- 
ed outrages led to the second war with Endand. 

1807 Robert Fulton makes first trip to Albany in the 

steamboat " Clermont." 
" Dec. 22. Congress decrees an embargo on all ves- 

sels in American ports, and orders home all Amer- 
ican vessels to prepare for war. 

1808 The African Slave-trade abolished by Congress, 

prohibiting the importation of slaves into the U. S. 
Cabinet Officers, 3d Administration — 1801-1809. 
Secretary of State. James Madison, Va. 



158 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Secretaries of the Treasury. Samuel Dexter, Mass. ; Albert 
Gallatine, Penn. 

Secretary of War. Henry Dearborn, Mass. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Benjamin Stoddert, Md. ; Robert 
Smith, Md. ; Jacob Crowninshield, Mass. 

Postmasters- General. Joseph Habersham, Ga. ; Gideon 
Granger, Conn. 

Attorneys- General. Theophilus Parsons, Mass. ; Levi 
Lincoln, Mass. ; Robert Smith, Md. ; John Breckenridge, 
Ky. ; Caesar A. Rodney, Del. 

National Expenses and Debt, 3d Adm. 



Year. 






Expenses. 


Debt. 


1801. . . . $12,273,376 


$83,038,050 


1802. 






13,276,084 


80,712,632 


1803. 






13,258,983 


77,054,686 


1804. 






12,624,646 


86,427,120 


1805. 






13,727,124 


82,312,150 


1806. 






15,070,093 


75,723,270 


1807. 






11,292,292 


69,218,398 


1808. 






16,764,584 


65,196,317 


Imports and Exports, 3d Administration. 


Year. Imports. 


Exports. 


1801. . . . $111,363,511 


$94,115,925 


1802. 






. 76,333,333 


72,483,160 


1803. 






. ^i,QQ%Qm 


55,800,038 


1804. 






. 185,000,000 


77,699,074 


1805. 






. 120,600,000 


95,566,021 


1806. 






. 129,410,000 


101,536,963 


1807. 






. 138,500,000 


108,343,151 


1808. 






56,990,000 


22,430,960 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



159 



FOURTH ADMINISTRATION. 




James Madison, Fourth President of the United States, 
was born at King George, Virginia, on the 16th of March, 
1751. He entered Princeton College, New Jersey, 1769, 
and graduated, in advance of his class, in 1771. Having 
impaired his health by too close application to study, he re- 
mained in Princeton for a time to recruit his shattered 
health, and also still further to enrich his mind. 

He was one of the first to comprehend the peril of the 
Colonists, and gave his cheerful co-operation to the patriots 
in resisting the encroachments of Great Britain. 

He was a member of the first Legislative Assembly, and 
would doubtless have been a member of the next, it is said, 



160 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

had it not been for his conscientious refusal to follow the 
prevalent custom of treating the electors. In 1780, he be- 
came a member of the National Congress, and greatly assisted 
its deliberations by his sagacious counsels. 

He represented his State in the Legislature from 1784 to 
1786, and was very active in promoting the financial and com- 
mercial interests of the State. 

In 1794, he married Mrs. Todd, of Philadelphia, a lady 
possessing great amiability and vivacity of mind. 

Having finished his Congressional career, he retired from 
public life, to enjoy the companionship of his books and 
home, but was soon called to share the conflicts of the hour. 

He discharged the duties of the office of Secretary of 
State, promptly and acceptably, under the administration of 
Jefferson. He was elected to the office of President in 1809. 
Exciting discussions, complications with foreign powers, and 
war with England, were the distinguishing events of his ad- 
ministration. 

He died at his home, in Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the 
age of eighty-five years. 



George Clinton, Vice-President, was born in Ulster Co., 
N. Y., July 26, 1739. Died at Washington, April 20, 1812. 
He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1775, voted 
for the Declaration of Independence, was Brigadier-General 
in 1777 ; Governor of N. Y. in 1801, and Vice-President in 
1804, and a prominent candidate for President in the cam- 
paign of 1808. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



161 



Candidates for President and Yice-Pres. 4th Adm. 
For President. I From. I Vice-Pres. I From. I Politics. 



James Madison, 
C. C. Pinckney, 
Second Term. 
James Madison, 
DeWitt Clinton, 



Va. 

S. Ca. 

Va. 
N. Y. 



Geo. Clinton, 
Rufus King, 



N. Y. 
N. Y. 



Democrat. 
Federal. 



Elbridge Gerry, Mass. Democrat. 



J. Inffersoll, Pa. 



Federal. 



Electoral Vote for Pres. and Vice-Pres. 4th Adm. 

Seventeen States voting. Whole number of electors, 175. 

In 1804 an amendment to tlie Constitution was adopted, 
which provided that in voting for President and Vice-Presi- 
dent each candidate should be voted for separately by the 
electors. 

For President, 1st Term. For Vice-President. 

James Madison ... 122 Geo. Clinton , . 113 
C. C. Pinckney ... 47 Rufus King ... 47 

James Madison was declared elected President, and Geo. 
Clinton Vice-President. 

For President, 2d Term. For Vice-President. 

Eighteen States voting. — Louisiana admitted during pre- 
vious term. Whole number of electors, 217. 
James Madison . . . 128 Elbridge Gerry . 131 
DeWitt Clinton ... 49 J. Ingersoll ... 86 

James Madison was declared elected President, and El- 
bridge Gerry Vice-President. 

11 



162 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Important Events of the 4th Administration. 

1809 March 4. James Madison inaugurated President. 

1810 American Board of Christian and Foreign Missions 

organized. 

1811 Nov. 7. General Harrison wins at Tippecanoe the 

most desperate battle ever fought with the Indians. 

1812 April 8. Louisiana admitted as a State. 
'. First house in Rochester, N. Y., erected. 

Second War with England.— C'awse— The 

impressment of American seamen by the British, 
and the blockade of her enemies' ports. Congress 
authorized the President to call for 25,000 enlisted 
men, 50,000 volunteers, and 100,000 militia, with 
Henry Dearborn as Commander-in-Chief. See 
Contents for list of Land and Naval Battles of 
the War of 1812. 

1813 March 4. James Madison began a second Presi- 

dential term, with Elbridge Gerry as Vice-Pres. 

June 1. Capt. Lawrence, of the U. S. frigate Ches- 

apeake, fought the British frigate Shannon, 30 
miles from Boston, and in dying said, " DonH give 
up the ship," 

Sept. 10. Perry's victory on Lake Erie. 

1814 August 24. City of Washington taken by the 

British, and public buildings burned. 

- Capt. Porter of U. S. frigate Essex, when captured 

by the British frigate Phoehe, after a desperate 
battle and losing 154 men, in his report to the 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 163 

Secretary of the Navy said, " We have been 
unfortunate but not disgraced.'' 

Dec. 15. Hartford Convention in opposition to the 

war, threaten secession of the New England States. 

Dec. 24. Hull, for the surrender of Detroit, was 

tried for cowardice and treason, found guilty, and 
senten'ced to be shot. Pardoned by the President. 

Dec. 24. Peace declared by Treaty at Ghent. 

1815 Jan. 8. Battle of New Orleans, 40 days after 

peace was declared. Gen. Jackson lost 13 killed 
and wounded; the British 1700. 

Jan. 15. A British squadron capture the U. S. 

frigate President. 

March. Congress declares war against Algiers. 

1816 Apr. 10. U. S. Bank re-chartered for twenty 

years, with a capital of $35,000,000. 

Dec. 11. Indiana admitted as a State. 

Cabinet Officers, 4th Administration— 1809-1817. 

Secretaries of State. Robt. Smith, Md. ; Jas. Monroe, Va. 

Secretaries of the Treasury. Albert Gallatin, Pa. ; George 
W. Campbell, Tenn. ; Alex. J. Dallas, Pa. 

Secretaries of War. William Eustis, Mass. ; John Arm- 
strong, N. Y. ; James Monroe, Va. ; Wm. H. Crawford, Ga. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Paul Hamilton, S. C. ; William 
Jones, Pa. ; Benjamin W. Crownin shield, Mass. 

Postmasters- General Gideon Granger, Conn.; Return J. 
Meigs, Jr., Ohio. 

Attorneys- General Caesar A. Rodney, Del.; William 
Pinckney, Md. ; Richard Rush, Pa. 



164 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



National Expenses and Debt, 4th Admln. 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1809. . 


. $13,867,226 


$57,023,192 


1810. . 


. 13,319,986 


53,178,217 


1811. . 


. 13,601,808 


48,005,587 


National Expenses, &c.- 


— Continued, 


Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1812. . 


. $22,279,121 


$45,209,737 


1813. . 


. 39,190,520 


55,962,827 


1814. . 


. 38,028,230 


81,487,846 


1815. . 


. 39,582,493 


99,833,660 


1816. . 


. 48,244,495 


127,334,938 



Imports and Exports, Fourth Adm. 



Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1809. . . 


$59,400,000 


$52,203,333 


1810. . 


85,406,000 


66,657,970 


1811. . 


53,400,000 


61,316,883 


1812. . 


77,030,000 


38,527,236 


1813. . 


. 22,005,000 


27,855,927 


1814. . 


12,965,000 


6,927,441 


1815. . 


. 113,041,274 


52,557,753 


1816. . 


. 147,103,000 


81,920,452 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



165 



to g U:=i a— <B-;3 

O-^ fH O Cl K» 2 ^ 

4) O o o S . ra^ 



a'll'S 3 9 

a> S 2 o o 

^ ^„ ^ > 2 M 33 

- ■ <V . - - 



^ ^r S f^ 3 fl 
oj pO 53 o oi t^ ® 2f i3 ,2 

^;5: Qh^j fi,^ 3q_pH 12; p^ li^ p:^ pm 05 !25 




166 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



o 

w 

O 

CO 



<1 

p-i 

o 



CO „ „ 






*^ o 






^1 

P ^ 



g PL, „ '^ j:^ 

J! ^-^ § s ^ 

ss o ;:: ^ '=1^ 






p; 3 ^^^ 



g .fci) .bi _bc 



S * 'M- . fl 

^ '^^ S S 9 

?„ •^. o~ u <^ 

■^ ^ S S .3 

* ^ a, ^ a 

^ be O '00 o' 

> 'Zl o -^ o 



.2 o 

^ o 






>^g 



bJD si 



C c3 be 
ri > p 

Oh-l PW 
aa bJO 



TtH Th 02 C/2CZ2 M 



tn o g 

P-. ^ ^ 



M O ^ 



bX) be O 

"S -2 Q 



* 


bC 
3 






-4-9 


'S 


cS 


^ 




.a 


Q 


iS 




pq 


ryT 




^ 


a 


il 


.2 


C/2 


^ 


-d 


4-> 


CD 


+3 


-S 


2S 










^ 


6 



% 2 

I- 

cs © 5 

-w CD -^ 



P £? 



CD •+^ rt oi ^ fH "f 
+2 22 ^ oj :i oj lO 



S a c I* 



_bc _bc 
^ i^ ^ ^ ^ 



«8 

Oh . 
O be 

CO P^ W pq o 



1=1 , 
be be 



t— I 'd 






.^ 5« ^ 



Q 



I 



5« 10 

oo;z;ooSpqOK5 



J3 

m" 8 
l5 s 



* * 

3 S 



CD Qi 



^9^"^ 



m m 

a ft 

o o 

o o 



be Is! 

1^ CO CD 

^ 1^ 9. 

CD ^ 



.- a 



a P-I 

bO be 



-5^ Fc^o 



O -M -15 .H 



pq < 



^ ^ 






be '-;> 



o 


^ 


pq 


<t> 


2 


^ 


-^ 


?a 


k:; 


o 





* 






-jj 








S I 


• ^ > 






•' 5 i^ * 



1-^ 

pq o 
o 5 

* 



be bo 
<5 <1 






^ fl dad, 

^ H-, CO CO CO 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



167 



FIFTH ADMINISTRATION. 




James Mot^roe, Fifth President of the United States, 
was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758. Com- 
paratively little is known of his ancestors. His father's 
name was Spence, and the maiden name of his mother was 
Elizabeth Jones. 

He received his education at the College of William and 
Mary, and immediately after leaving College, identified him- 
self with the Colonists in their struggle for freedom. He 
took an active part in some of the earlier actions of the war, 
and was severely wounded at the battle of Trenton. 

His services were properly recognized, and he was pro- 
moted to a Captaincy. 

He acquitted himself with distinguished honor as a StafE 



168 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

officer of Lord Sterling, and in 1780 served as a military 
commissioner under Governor Jefferson. 

He was chosen a member of the Legislature of Virginia, 
in 1782, and, in 1783, became a member of Congress. His 
eminent abilities were at once recognized ; and his sound 
views upon the various questions discussed in Congress, 
exerted a potent influence upon that body in its measures for 
the promotion of State and National interests. 

Li 1786, he married Miss Kortright, a lady of great per- 
sonal merit, upon whom John Quincy Adams pronounced a 
very high eulogy. He held the office of Senator for about 
five years, and was twice elected as Governor of Virginia. Li 
1803, he was appointed to aid Kobert R. Livingston, the 
resident Minister at France, in negotiations for the purchase 
of Louisiana, and afterward served as Minister to England. 

He was also Secretary of State during the administration 
of Madison in 1811. His efficient services in the difficult 
and resj^onsible positions he had occupied, and his advocacy 
of a popular national policy, directed attention to him as a 
candidate for the Presidency, and, in 1819, he was elected to 
the office by a large electoral vote. After his election, he 
made a tour of visitation through the Eastern States ; and the 
favor with which he was everywhere received and the happy 
effects of his visit upon all parties, suggest that a closer in- 
timacy between our people and their rulers would be of im- 
mense advantage to the nation. So satisfactory was his ad- 
ministration that, at its close, he was re-elected, and served 
another term with equal honor and success. During his ad- 
ministrations, the South American republics were recognized 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 169 

by Congress as sovereign nations and the President, in his 
message, declared the famous Monroe Doctrine, that the Con- 
tinents of America were not to be considered as subjects of 
European power. 

His death occurred in New York, on the Fourth of July, 
1831. In 1858, his remains were removed to Hollywood 
Cemetery, Virginia. 



D. D. Tompkins, Vice-President, was bom at Scarsdale, 
N. Y., June 21, 1774. Died on Staten Island, June 11, 1825. 
Candidates for President and Vioe-Pres., 5th Adm. 
For President. | From \ Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. 
James Monroe, Va. D. D. Tompkins, N. Y. Democrat. 
Rufus King, N. Y. J. E. Howard, Md. Federal. 

Second Term. 
James Monroe, Va. D. D. Tompkins, N. Y. Democrat. 
John Q. Adams, Mass. Richard Stockton, N. J. Federal. 

Elctoral Vote for Pres. and Vioe-Pres., 5th Adm. 

Nineteen States voting. — Indiana having been admitted 
during the previous term. Whole number of electors, 217. 

For President, 1st Term For Vice-President. 

James Monroe ... 183 D. D. Tompkins . .183 

Rufus King .... 34 J. E. Howard . . 22 

Twenty -four States voting. Miss., 111., Ala., Me., and Mo., 
were admitted during previous term. Whole number of 
electors, 232. 

For President, 2d Term For Vice-President, 

James Monroe ... 227 D. D. Tompkins . . 218 

John Q. Adams ... 1 Richard Stockton . 8 



170 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Important Events of the 5th Administration. 

1817 March 4. James Monroe inaugurated President, at 

Congress Hall, Washington, the Capitol having 
been burnt by the British. 

July 4. Ground broken for the Erie Canal. Com- 

pleted in 1825. 

Dec. 10. Mississippi admitted into the Union. 

1818 March. Gen. Jackson defeats the Seminoles in Fla. 

The U. S. flag, 13 stripes and one star for each 

State, in a blue field, adopted by law. 

Dec. 3. Illinois admitted into the Union. 

1819 Dec. 14. Alabama admitted into the Union. 

The Savannah, first steamer, crosses the Ocean. 

1820 March 15. Maine admitted into the Union. 

James Monroe re-elected President. 

Stephen Decutor, of the U. S. Navy, killed in a duel 

with Com. Barron. 

Oct. Florida ceded by Spain to the United States. 

1821 Aug. 10. Missouri admitted as a State. 

1822 The independence of South America acknowledged 

by U. S. 

Boston, Mass., incorporated a city. 

1823 Commodore Porter suppresses piracies in the West 

Indies. 

President Monroe advocates the non-intervention of 

foreign powers upon the American continent, pop- 
ularly known as the Monroe doctrine. 

1824 Aug. Gen. Lafayette re-visits the United States. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



171 



Cabinet Officers, 5th Administration 1817-1825. 

Secretary of State. John Quincj Adams, Mass. 

Secretary of the Treasury. "William H. Crawford, Ga. 

Secretaries of War. Isaac Shelby, Ky. ; J. C. Calhoun, S.C. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Benjamin W. Crowninshield, 
Mass. ; Smith Thompson, N. Y. ; Samuel L. Southard, N. J. 

Postmasters- Gerieral Return J. Meigs, Jr., Ohio; John 
McLean, Ohio. 

Attorney- General William Wirt, Ya. 

National Expenses and Debt, 5th Administration. 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1817. . . 


$40,877,646 


$123,491,965 


1818. . . 


35,164,875 


103,466,633 


1819. . . 


24,004,199 


95,529,648 


1820. . . 


21,763,024 


91,015,566 


1821. . . 


19,090,572 


89,987,427 


1822. . 


17,676,592 


93,546,676 


1823. . 


15,314,171 


90,875,877 


1824. . 


31,898,538 


90,269,777 


Imports an 


d Exports, 5th Administration. 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1817. . 


. $99,250,000 


$87,671,560 


1818. . 


. 121,750,000 


93,281,133 


1819. . 


. 87,125,000 


70,141,501 


1820. . 


. 74,450,000 


69,661,669 


1821. . 


. 62,585,724 


64,974,382 


1822. . 


. 83,241,541 


72,160,281 


1823. . 


. 77,579,267 


74,699,030 


1824. . 


. 89,549,007 


75,986,657 



172 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

SIXTH ADMINISTRATION. 



John Quincy Adams, Sixth President of the United 
States, was born at Brain tree, Mass., on the 11th of July, 
1767. His character was formed under the ennobling influ- 
ences of a cultured home, and developed amid rare social and 
literary advantages. The influence of his noble mother, as 
well as of his father, is apparent in the development of his 
moral and intellectual nature. 

His youthful ear heard the thunder of the cannon that 
shook Bunker's Hill, and his eye eagerly watched the clouds 
of smoke as they ascended from the burning ruins of Charles- 
town. In his eleventh year he accompanied his father to 
France, and thus had rare opportunities to acquire a knowl- 
edge of the politics, manners and language of the people. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 173 

When he had attained his fourteenth year, he was acting as 
his father's secretary, and, notwithstanding his youth, was 
recognized as an officer in that capacity by Congress. 

Returning from his foreign travels, he entered Harvard 
College, in 1786, and graduated the following year. He then 
studied law for three years, and was admitted to the bar in 
1790. In 1794, he was appointed Minister to the Nether- 
lands, and in 1797 he was honored with the appointment of 
Minister to Portugal, which was afterward changed to the 
mission to Berlin. He also served his country as Ambassa- 
dor to Prussia, Russia, and England. 

Washington entertained a high opinion of his diplomatic 
abilities, and pronounced him the ablest American Minister 
ever sent to a foreign Court. 

He also was elected to the Senate of the United States, 
but resigned before the close of the Senatorial term. In 
1806 he was elected to the Professorship of Rhetoric and 
Belles-Lettres at Harvard, and was a great favorite with the 
friends and students of the University. He was appointed 
by President Monroe to the office of Secretary of State, and 
served in that capacity through both terms of Monroe's ad- 
ministration. In the next Presidential election the suffrages 
of the people were divided between four candidates, neither 
of whom received a majority of the electoral votes, and con- 
sequently the election of a President devolved upon the 
House of Representatives. The members of that body in 
performing the duty assigned them elected John Quincy 
Adams as the successor of President Monroe, and he was 



174 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

inaugurated March 4tli, 1825. His administration was some- 
what embarrassed by the strong party spirit that had been 
engendered previous to his election, and his political adher- 
ents being in a minority could not induce Congress to adopt 
his recommendations. 

After his retirement from the Presidency he devoted his 
time chiefly to literary and religious researches. It is said 
that he translated the Psalms into English verse, and devoted 
much of his time to the study of the sacred Scriptures. In 
1830, he was elected to the House of Representatives, and 
held the position until his death, which occurred on the 21st 
of February, 1848. He had just risen to address the Speak- 
er of the House when he was smitten with paralysis, and 
fell, exclaiming, " This is the last of earth." Thus " the 
old man eloquent " fell at his post, and passed to his final re- 
ward. 



John C. Calhoun, "Vice-President, was born at Adbe- 
ville, S. C, March 18, 1782. Died at "Washington, March 
31, 1850. He was among the foremost statesmen of his 
time, and with him originated the " State rights doctrine." 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 175 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 6th Adm. 
For President. \ From. | For Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics, 

John Q. Adams, Mass Federal. 

Andrew Jackson, Tenn. John Calhoun S. Ca. Democrat. 
W. H. Crawford, Ga. . Nathan Sanford, N. Y. Democrat. 
Henry Clay, Ky. . . Nathaniel Macon, Ga. Whig. 
Popular and Electoral Votes, 6th Adm. 

Twenty-four States voting. Whole number of electors, 261. 
For President, 

John Q. Adams, 105,321 votes ; Electoral votes, 84. 
Andrew Jackson, 152,899 " " " 98. 

W.H.Crawford, 47,265 " " " 41. 

Henry Clay, 47,087 « " " 37. 

For Vice-President, 

John C. Calhoun, 182 Electoral votes ; Nathan Sanford, 30. 
Nathaniel Macon, 24 " " Andrew Jackson, 13. 

Henry Clay, 9 " " Martin Van Buren, 2. 

None of the candidates received the majority of the elec_ 
toral votes for President : the choice devolved upon the house 
of Representatives. Adams received the vote of 13 States, 
Jackson 7, and Crawford 4, John Q. Adams was therefore 
elected President, and John C. Calhoun Vice-President. 

Important Events of 6th Administration. 

1825 March 4. John Q. Adams inaugurated President. 
Corner Stone of Bunker Hill Monument laid by 

Lafayette. 

1826 July 4. Death of two Ex-Presidents, John Adams 
and Thos. Jefferson. 



176 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

^— Anti-Masonic excitement, caused by the abduction 
of William Morgan from Canandaigua, N. Y., by 
Free Masons, who were charged with murder. A 
legislative committee of investigation confirmed 
the suspicion. 

1827 First Railroad in the U. S., from Quincy to Boston. 

1828 Tariff Bill a law. The cotton states oppose it. 

Cabinet Officers, 6th Administration — 1825-1829. 

Secretary of State. — Henry Clay, Ky. 
Secretary of the Treasury. — Richard Rush, Pa. 
Secretaries of War. — Jas. Barbour Va. ; P. B. Porter, N. Y. 
Secretary of the Navy. — Samuel L. Southard, N. J, 
Postmaster- General. — John McLean, Ohio. 
Attorney- General. — William Wirt, Va. 

National Expenses and Debt, 6th Administration. 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1825. 


. . 23,585,804 


83,788,432 


1826. 


. . 24,103,398 


81,054,059 


1827. 


. . 22,656,764 


73,987,357 


1828. 

MPORTS 


. . 25,459,479 
\ AND Exports, 6th A 


67,475,043 

J>MINISTRATIO: 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1825. 


. . 96,340,075 


99,535,388 


1826. 


. . 89,974,477 


77,595,322 


1827. 


. 79,484,068 


82,324,727 


182a 


88,509,824 


72,264,686 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



177 



SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Andrew Jackson, Seventh President of the United 
States, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was born on a plan- 
tation in Mecklenburgh County, North Carolina, March 15th, 
1767. A few days before the birth of Andrew, his father 
died, leaving his widow, whose maiden name was Elizabeth 
Hutchinson, to struggle for the maintenance and culture of 
three children. Andrew received very little schooling, and 
was characterized for his boldness, activity, generosity, and 
self-reliance. At the age of thirteen, fired by the death of 
his eldest brother, who perished in the Indian battle of Stono, 
he entered his country's service in the struggle for Indepen- 
dence. Andrew and his brother Robert were captured by 

the British, and the latter died soon after their exchange- 

12 



178 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Their mother in the mean-time, who had acted as nurse to 
some captive friends on a prison ship, contracted fever, and 
died suddenly, leaving Andrew, a half developed youth, the 
sole surviving representative of tlie family. Andrew tried 
the saddlery trade and school teaching, after which he studied 
law, was admitted to practice at the age of twenty, and rose 
at once to prominence. He married Mrs. Robards in 1791. 

On the 5th of December, 1796, Jackson took his seat in 
Congress as the first Representative of Tennessee, which had 
just been admitted. He was subsequently Senator from the 
same State, and at a later period Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Tennessee. In 1806, he fought a duel with Charles Dick- 
erson, when both were severely wounded, and Dickerson died. 

The war of 1812 brought him prominently before the 
world as a dashing military chieftain. Fired by the massa- 
cre at Fort Mimms, he inaugurated a vigorous campaign 
against the British and the Creek Indians, which culminated 
in a great victory at New Orleans, January 8, 1815. 

In 1823, he was again elected to the U. »S. Senate, and 
nominated for the Presidency, receiving a large but unsuc- 
cessful vote. In 1828, he was elected to the Presidency, and 
re-elected in 1832. Many grave measures agitated the coun- 
try during his administration. 

He retired to the " Hermitage," March 4th, 1837, where 
he died, June 8th, 1845. Gen. Jackson was a fearless, honest 
man, of rare common sense. He was never vanquished. 
He conquered the wilderness, the savage, the trained European 
chieftain, the American duelist, and politician. 



Martin Van Buren, Vice-Pres. See sketch 8th Adm. 



of american progress. 179 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 7th adm. 
For President. \ Fronu \ For Vice-Pres, \ From, | Politics. 
Andrew Jackson, Tenn. John C. Calhoun S. Ca. Democrat. 
John Q.Adams, Mass. Richard Rush Pa. Federal. 
For President, 2nd Term. Vice-President. 

Andrew Jackson, Tenn. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. Dem. 
Henry Clay, Ky. J. Sergeant, Pa. Whig. 

John Floyd, Va. W. Wilkins, Pa. Independent. 
William Wirt, Md. Henry Lee, Mass. Anti-Masonic. 

Popular and Electoral vote, 7th Administration. 
Twenty four States voting. Whole number of electors, 261. 
For President, 1st Term. 

Andrew Jackson, 650,028 votes; Electoral votes 178. 
John Q.Adams, 512,159 " " " 83. 

Andrew Jackson was declared elected President, and John 
C. Calhoun Vice-President. 

For Vice-President. 

John C. Calhoun, 189 Electoral votes, Richard Rush, 83. 

For President, 2c? Term. 

Andrew Jackson, 687,502 votes ; Electoral votes 219 

Henry Clay, 550,189 " " « 49 

John Floyd, « " « « H 

William Wirt, « " « « 7 

For Vice-President, 

M. Van Buren, 171 Electoral votes ; J. Sergeant, 49. 

Wm. Wilkins, 30 " " " Henry Lee, 11. 

Andrew Jackson was declared elected President, and 
Martin Van Buren Vice-President. 



180 NAIIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Important Events of 7th Administration. 

1829 March 4. Andrew Jackson, inaugurated President. 

1830 Jackson, opposes the U. S. Bank in his message. 

1831 July 4. Death of Ex-president, Monroe. 

Agitation of the U. S. Bank question. 

1832 First appearance of Asiatic cholera in America. 

" The Black Hawk War " with frontier Indians in 

111. Black Hawk captured and taken to Wash- 
ington, and other cities, to convince him of the 
strength of the nation. 

State's Rights doctrine dates from this year. Advocated 

by John C. Calhoun. 

S. Ca. Legislator attempted to evade the U. S. 

Revenue Law, which gave rise to Pres. Jackson's 
Nullification proclamation. 

Professor Morse invents the magnetic telegraph. 

March 4. Pres. Jackson enters upon a second term. 

1833 Tariff controversy settled by Henry Clay's bill. 

Oct. Removal of the Government funds from the U. 

S. Bank, by order of President Jackson 

1834 Gen. Thompson killed in Seminole War. 

Cyrus McCormick's reaper patented. 

1835 Seminole Indian War in Florida, led by Osceola. 

Dec. 16. 674 buildings burned in New York ; loss 

$20,000,000. 

National debt paid off during ^his year. 

Gen. Scott subdues the Creek Indians in Ga. and 

Ala. They are removed beyond the Mississippi. 

1836 June 15. Arkansas admitted as a State. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



181 



Cabinet Officers, 7th Administration — 1829-1837. 

Secretaries of State. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. ; Edward 
Livingston, La. ; Lewis McLane, Del. ; John Forsyth, Ga. 

Secretaries of the Treasury. S, D. Ingham, Pa. ; Louis 
McLane, Del. ; Wm J. Duane, Pa. ; Roger B. Taney, Md. ; 
Levi Woodbury, N. H. 

Secretaries of War. John H. Eaton, Tenn. ; Lewis Cass, O. 

Secretaries of the Navy. John Branch, N. C. ; Levi 
Woodbury, N. H. ; Mahlon Dickerson, N. J. 

Post Masters- General Wm. T. Barry, Ky. ; A. Kendall, Ky. 

Attorneys- General. John M. Berrien ; Roger B. Taney, 
Md. ; Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y. 
National Expenses and Debt, 7th Administration. 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1829. . 


. $25,044,358 


$58,421,413 


1830. . 


. 24,585,281 


48,565,406 


1831. . 


. 30,038,446 


39,124,191 


1832. . 


. 34,356,698 


24,322,235 


1833. . 


. 24,257,298 


7,001,032 


1834. . 


. 24,601,982 


4,760,081 


1835. . 


. 27,573,141 


351,289 


1836. . 


30,934,664 


291,089 


[PORTS AND 


Exports, 7th A 


.MDMINISTRATIO] 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1829. . 


$74,492,527 


$72,358,671 


1830. . . 


70,876,920 


73,849,508 


1831. . . 


103,191,124 


81,310,583 


1832. . . 


101,029,266 


87,176,943 


1833. . . 


108,118,311 


90,140,443 


1834. . . 


126,521,332 


104,336,973 


1835. . . 


149,895,742 


121,693,577 


1836. . . 


189,980,085 


128,663,040 



182 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Martin Van Buren, Eighth President of the United 
States, was a descendant of Holland ancestry, and was born 
on a farm at Kinderhook, Columbia Co., N. Y., September 
5th, 1782. He inherited a clear, logical intellect, which was 
quickened by academic culture. At the age of fourteen he 
began the study of law, and seven years later was duly ad- 
mitted to practice. After a few years, spent in his native 
village, he established himself at Hudson. He early evinced 
a taste for politics, and before he attained his majority was a 
delegate at a county convention. In 1808, he assumed his 
first public office, that of Surrogate of Columbia Co. He 
was elected to the State Senate in 1812, and re-elected in 
1816. In 1815, he vviis appointed Attorney-General of New 



OF AMERICAN PKOGRESS. 183 

York. Ill 1821, he was elected from New York to the 
United States Senate, where he continued until 1828, when 
he resigned to become Governor of New York. In the New 
York Senate he was a prominent leader in the Madison 
party, and when transferred to the Senate at Washington, 
he was a staunch supporter of the Democracy of those times. 

On the first day of January, 1829, he entered upon the 
gubernatorial duties of the State of New York, but in March 
following resigned to become Secretary of State in President 
Jackson's Cabinet. In 1831, President Jackson reorganized 
his Cabinet, accepting the resignation of Mr. Van Buren, but 
appointing him at once Minister to England. He proceeded 
to London, but, on the assembling of Congress, the Senate 
refused to confirm his appointment. He immediately re- 
turned to the United States. Mr. Calhoun, the Vice-Presi- 
dent, having cast the deciding vote in the Senate against his 
appointment to England, was left out in the political slate at 
the national convention in the following May, and Van 
Buren was nominated to the second place on the ticket with 
Jackson, and was triumphantly elected. 

On the 4th of March, 1837, he was inaugurated President 
of the United States, having been elected as the successor of 
Andrew Jackson. Mr. Jackson's financial measures and his 
war on the banks culminated, soon after his retirement, in the 
most disastrous monetary depression that has ever overtaken 
the country. JNIr. Van Buren was held responsible. The 
Seminole War dragged wearily ; the anti-slavery agitation 
increased, and the administration lost favor steadily until its 
close, when Mr. Van Buren retired to Kinderhook, to ap- 



184 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

pear again, in 1848, as a candidate for the Presidency on the 
"Free Soil" ticket, when he was defeated. He died at 
Kinderhook, July 24th, 1862, aged eighty years. Mr. Yan 
Buren was a statesman of more than ordinary grasp ; he was 
a gentleman of cultivated tastes and of amiable disposition. 



RiCHAKD M. Johnson, Vice-President, was born near 
Louisville, Ky., Oct. 17, 1780. 

He served as colonel in the Indian wars under Harrison ; 
was twelve years a representative in Congress from Ky. ; and 
was elected to the United States Senate. He served four 
years as President of the Senate. In the Presidential 
campaign of 1836, no candidate for Vice-President re- 
ceived a majority of the electoral votes, and he was elected 
Vice-President by the Senate. He died at Frankfort, Ky., 
Nov. 19, 1850. 

Candidates for President and Vice-Prest., 8th Adm. 
For President. \ From. \ ForVice-Pres. \ From \ Politics. 
Martin Van Buren, N. Y. R. M. Johnson, Ky. Democrat. 
Wm. H. Harrison, Ohio. Francis Granger, N. Y. Whig. 
H. L. White, Tenn. John Tyler, Va. Indepen. 

Daniel Webster, Mass. William Smith, Ala. Whig. 



of american progress. 185 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 8th Adm. 
Twenty-six states voting, Arkansas and Michigan having 
been admitted during previous term. Whole number of 
Electors, 294. 
For President. 

Martin Van Buren 762,149 votes, electoral votes 170. 
Wm. H. Harrison, " " " " " 73. 
H. L. White, " " " " " " 26. 
Daniel Webster, " " " " " 14. 

W. P. Mangum, N. Ca. Total opposition vote " 11. 

736,736 
For Vice-President. 

R. M.Johnson, electoral votes 147. Francis Granger, 77. 
John Tyler, " " 47. Wm. Smith, 22. 

No candidate for Vice-Pres. received a majority of the 
electoral votes and R. M. Johnson was elected by the Senate. 

Important Events of 8th Administration. 

1837 March 4. Martin Van Buren inaugurated President. 

Independence of Texas acknowledged. 

Great financial distress. Banks suspend specie pay- 

ment. Failures amounting to over $200,000,000 
in New York city in March and April. Extra 
session of Congress called Sept. 4, to devise relief. 

Nov. 7. Riot at Alton, 111. ; Rev. E. P. Lovejoy 

mobbed and killed for anti-slavery sentiments. 

1838 The Mormons driven from Missouri. 

The Canadian Rebellion caused by disloyal English 

and Americans attempting to set up an independent govern" 
ment. 



186 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1839 Another financial panic. Banks suspend payment. 

1840 The so-called " Log Cabin " and " Hard Cider " Cam- 

paign. 
Cabinet Officers, 8th Administration — 1837-1841. 

Secretary of State. John Forsjth, Ga. 

Secretary of the Treasury. Levi Woodbury, N. H. 

Secretary of War. Joel E. Poinsett, S. C. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Mahlon Dickerson, N. J. ; James 
K. Paulding, N. Y. 

Postmasters- General. Amos Kendall, Ky. ; John M. Niles, 
Conn. 

Attorneys- General. Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y. ; Felix 
Grundy, Tenn. ; Henry D. Gilpin, Pa. 

National Expenses and Debt, 8th Administration 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1837. . . 


$37,265,037 


$1,878,223 


1838. . . 


39,455,438 


4,857,600 


1839. . . 


37,614,936 


11,983,737 


1840. . . 


28,226,553 


5,125,077 


MPORTS AND 


Exports, 8th 


Administration. 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1837. . . 


$140,989,217 


$117,419,376 


1838. . . 


113,717,404 


108,486,616 


1839. . . 


162,092,132 


121,088,416 


1840. . . 


107,641,519 


132,085,936 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



187 



NINTH ADMINISTRATION. 




William Henry Harrison, Ninth President of the 
United States, was born at Berkeley, on the James River, 
Virginia, February 9th, 1773. His father was one of the 
signers of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the 
Governors of Virginia. William Henry was educated at 
Hampden, Sydney College, Vircrinia, and pursued the study 
of medicine. He was, however, drawn from the duties of 
his profession by the barbarities of the Indians along our 
north-western frontier. In 1791, he received from President 
Washington a commission as ensign in the artillery, and was, 
during the next year, promoted for meritorious service to the 
rank of lieutenant. He served under General Wayne, and 
after the battle of Miami Rapids, he was made captain. 



188 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

In 1800, he was made Governor of the '' Indian Terri- 
tory," including the Territories of Indiana, Illinois, and 
Wisconsin. This position he filled for twelve years to the 
satisfaction of Indians and white settlers. He negotiated 
thirteen important treaties with Indian tribes. 

In 1811 Harrison conducted the war against Tecumseh, 
and in a great battle on the Tippecanoe River defeated that 
illustrious chieftain, and s ) frustrated his plans that he never 
recovered. After the surrender of Detroit, by General Hull, 
Harrison was made Commander-in-Chief of the entire Nortl> 
west, where he proved himself a masterly organizer and a 
vigorous, intrepid commander. His fame, at the close of the 
war, was unbounded. Some difficulty with the Secretary of 
War led to his resignation, but the President immediately 
appointed him to negotiate further treaties with the Indians. 

In 1816, he became a Representative in Congress from 
Ohio, and immediately took rank as an eloquent and able 
member of the body. 

In 1824, he was elected to the United States Senate from 
Ohio. 

In 1886, Mr. Harrison was brought forward for the Presi- 
dency. He had three rivals, and was beaten by Mr. Van 
Biiren. His popularity was so great that the Whigs again 
nominated him in 1840, and after one of the most stirring 
campaigns of the century, he was elected by electoral count 
of 234 out of 294. His administration gave promise of great 
success, but his frail nature was so overtaxed that he expired 
April 4th, just one month after his inauguration. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 189 

John Tyler, successor of Mr. Harrison, and Tenth Pres- 
ident of the United States, was born in Charles City County, 
Virginia, March 29th, 1790. His ancestors were English, and 
were among the first settlers in the Old Dominion. His 
father was a patriot in the Revolution, a wealthy land pro- 
prietor, and at one time Governor of Virginia. Young Tyler 
entered William and Mary College at the age of twelve, 
where he graduated wicli the highest honors at seventeen. 
At nineteen he was admitted to the bar, and rose quickly 
to an honored and successful practice. At the age of twenty- 
one he was elected to the Legislature, and served five terms. 

In 1816, he was elected to Congress, and was twice re- 
elected. In 1825, he was chosen Governor of Virginia. 

In 1827, he was elected to the United States Senate, 
against John Randolph. In Congress, Tyler, in turn, sup- 
ported and opposed the administration of President Jackson. 
He voted for Clay's resolutions of censure on Jackson for re- 
moving the U. S. deposits : he was subsequently instructed, 
by the Legislature of his State, to rescind that action, where- 
upon he resigned his seat, and returned to private life. He 
was nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1840 and elected. 

At the death of General Harrison, April 4th, 1840, Mr. 
Tyler was, on the 6th, inaugurated President. His adminis- 
tration failed to satisfy either Whigs or Democrats. Every 
member of his Cabinet, except Mr. Webster, resigned. 

In 1861 he was President of the Peace Convention, and 
afterwards a member of the Confederate Congress. He died 
at Richmond, Va., January 17th, 1862. 



190 national hand-book 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 9th Adm. 

For President. \ From. | For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. 
Wn. Henry Harrison, Ohio. John Tyler, Va. Whig. 

Martin Van Buren, N. Y. R. M. Johnson, Ky. Democrat. 
J. G. Birney, N. Y. L. W. Tazewell, S. Ca. Abolition. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 9th Administration. 

Twenty-six States voting. Whole number of electors, 294. 

For President. 
Wm. Henry Harrison, 1,274,783 votes. Electoral votes 234 
Martin Van Buren, 1,128,702 " '* " 60 

J. G. Binney, 17,009 " « " 

For Vice-President. 

John Tyler, 234 Electoral votes. 
L. W. Tazewell, 11 
R. M. Johnson, 48 " " 

James K. Polk, 1 " " 

President Harrison served but one month. Upon his 
death Vice-President Tyler became President. 

Important Events of 9th Administration. 

1841 Feb. 4. U. S. Bank failed, followed by banks gen- 

erally. 

March 4. Gen. Wm. H. Harrison inaugurated Pres. 

April 4. President Harrison died in office. 

April 6. John Tyler inaugurated President. 

1842 Seminole War terminated. 

The " Dorr Rebellion," in Rhode Island. 

The North-eastern Boundary question settled. 

1843 Fremont explores the Rocky Mountains. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 191 

Feb. 28. A. P. Upsher, Sec. of State, and T. W. 

Gilmer, Sec. of Navy, killed by the bursting of a 
gun on the excursion steamer Princeton, on the 
Potomac. 

1844 First telegraph, from Washington to Baltimore. 

1845 March 1. President Tyler signs the bill for the an- 

nexation of Texas. 

March 3. Florida admitted into the Union. 

Cabinet OfFiCERS, 9th Administration — 1841-1845. 

Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, Mass. ; Hugh S. 
Legare, S. C. ; Abel P. Upshur, Va. ; John Nelson, Md 
John C. Calhoun, S. C. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, Ohio ; Walter 
Forward, Pa. ; John C. Spencer, N. Y. ; George N. Bibb, Ky. 

Secretaries of War — John Bell, Tenn. ; John C. Spencer, 
N. Y. ; James M. Porter, Pa. ; William Wilkins, Pa. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George E. Badger, N. C. ; Abel 
B. Upshur, Va. ; David Henshaw, Mass. ; Thomas W. Gilmer, 
Va. ; John Y. Mason, Va. 

Postmasters- General — Francis Granger, N. Y. ; Charles 
A. WicklifPe, Ky. 

Attorneys- General — John J. Crittenden, Ky. ; Hugh S. 
Legare, S. C. ; John Nelson, Md. 



192 national hand-book 

National Expenses and Debt, 9th Administration. 

Year. Expenses. Debt. 

]84l $31,787,530 $ 6,737,398 

1842 32,936,876 15,028,486 

1843 12,118,105 27,203,450 

1844 33,642,010 24,748,188 

Imports and Exports, 9th Administration. 

Year. Imports. Exports. 

1841 $127,946,117 $121,851,803 

1842 , . 100,152,087 104,691,531 

1843 64,753,799 84,346,480 

1844 108,435,035 111,200,046 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



193 



TENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




James Knox Polk, Eleventh President of the United 
States, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was born Novem- 
ber 2d, 1795, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Polk 
and Jackson are as yet the only two Presidents born of 
similar ancestral blood, and in the same County. His kin- 
dred had taken part in the struggle for Independence. Plis 
father was a farmer and a staunch Jeffersonian Democrat. 
In 1806. his family removed to Nashville, Tennessee. James 
was averse to mercantile pursuits, and after preliminary 
studies under Mr. Black, he, in 1815, entered the University 
of North Carolina, where he graduated with highest honors 
three years later. After graduating he returned to Nash- 



194 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

ville, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He 
was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1823, and two 
years later was elected a Representative in Congress, where he 
continued for fourteen years, and served during five sessions 
as Speaker of the House of Representatives, presiding with 
a dignity and impartiality that gave him great popularity. 
He was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1839, but was de- 
feated in a struggle for the same honors in 1841, and also in 
1843. He was brought forward by the Democrats at their 
Baltimore Convention in May, 1844, as a candidate for the 
Presidency in opposition to that well-known statesman, Henry 
Clay. Mr. Polk favored the annexation of Texas, and 
was elected by a large majority. His inauguration was fol- 
lowed by trouble with the Government of Mexico, which 
soon developed into open war. General Taylor, with a small 
army, was sent to the bank of the Rio Grande to defend the 
claims of Texas. At a later period General Scott was sent 
with a large army, which cut its way through the country 
and captured the City of Mexico, which terminated the war. 
Mr. Polk retired to private life at the close of his term, 
and died three months later, at Nashville, June loth, 1839, 
at the age of fifty-four. 



Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President, a statesman of rare 
ability, was born at Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. Graduated 
at Princeton in 1810. He filled many positions of honor 
and responsibility at home and abroad. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 195 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 10th Adm. 
For President. \ From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. 
James K. Polk, Tenn. Geo. M. Dallas. Pa. Democrat. 
Henry Clay, Ky. T. Frelinghuysen, N. J. Whig. 
J. G. Binney, N. Y. Abolition. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 10th Administration. 

Twenty-six States voting. Whole number of electors, 275. 
For President. 

James K. Polk, 1,335,834 votes. Electoral votes 170. 

Henry Clay, 1,297,033 " " " 105. 

J. G. Binney, 62,270 " " « 0. 

For Vice-President. 

Geo. M. Dallas, 170 Electoral votes. 

T. Frelinghuysen, 105 " " 

Important Events of the 10th Administration. 

1845 March 4. James K. Polk inaugurated President. 

Mexico declares war against the United States, 

caused by the admission into the Union of the Mexi- 
can State, Texas. See Contents for list of battles. 

Dec. 29. Texas admitted into the Union. 

1846 April 26. Thornton's party, by order of Gen. Tay- 

lor, cross the Rio Grande, and are captured by the 
Mexicans. First blood of the Mexican War. 

1846 May 11. Congress declares, "War existed by the 

act of Mexico." 

Mexican War. — See Contents for battles. 

Dec. 28. Iowa admitted into the Union. 

Elias Howe Sewing Machine patented. 

1847 Sept. 14. The American army, under Gen. Scott; 

enters the City of Mexico without opposition. 



196 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1848 Feb. 2. Treaty of Peace with Mexico, signed at 
Gaudaloupe, which confirmed the annexation of 
Texas, and ceded to the United States California 
and New Mexico, an area of 500,000 square miles, 
by payment of $15,000,000 and assuming $3,- 
500,000 debts due citizens of the United States. 

May 29. Wisconsin admitted into the Union. 

July. Gold first discovered in California. 

Cabinet Officers, Tenth Administration — 1845-1849. 

Secretary of State — James Buchanan, Pa. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Robert J. Walker, Mississippi. 

Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, N. Y. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George Bancroft, Mass. ; John 
Y. Mason, Va. 

Postmaster- General — Cave Johnson, Tenn. 

Attorneys- General — John Y. Mason, Ya. ; Nathan Clif- 
ford, Me. ; Isaac Toucey, Conn. 

National Expenses and Debt, 10th Administration. 

Tear. Expenses. Debt. 

1845 $30,490,408 $17,093,795 

1846 27,632,282 16,750,926 

1847 60,520,851 38,926,623 

1848 60,655,143 48,526,879 

Imports and Exports, 10th Adjiinistration. 

Tear. Imports. Exports. 

1845 $117,254,564 $114,646,606 

1846 121,591,797 113,488,516 

1B47 146,545,638 158,648,622 

1^^8 154,998,928 154,032,131 



OF AMERICAN PK0GRKS3. 



197 



Q 



w 
o 

H 
H 

Hi 

>— ( 
O 

^^ 
I— I 
P^ 
9^ 



'A 



as M 

« a 



03 ^" 



^.8 





^ og e^ 


I* 


^^•^• 


<! 


-^■p. ?5 



t-T ^'~ o of 



CO O CC JO i--^ o 

cf c4~ cT ■* 



73 *t^ 



;=.;=; rt ^ 



-< <:: <^ Ph Oi H ^ 



a • s 



=3 X 



P c« c« 



O 0^ >> 



a ce 






o) a 
a 2 



g O O w ^ „ 

to CO hrt a " 

C^L- (M H-l CO H-l 



;i[s 






8S8 88 

C O lO Cl o 
rti OO" CC" L-" «3 









8S 

02 02 



r*- iK 



O Cvi 

£ a 

o ^ 



^ a 

II 

B a 

»H O 

a u 
'C >> 

0) -Fl 



■2 £' 



o 


■^ 


c 


i a 


'^ 


^ 


^^H .§ 


eS 


;• 








-s 


c5 


■ 








B 


-t:} 












;-4 
O 

s 


1 

"a; 
c 


^ 

f 

^ 


J 




<D 

s 
1 


^ 


S" 


r- 




O) 


,— < 



o ?: _ _ _ 

S M w c)2 t> o eu Co S o S W 



c; J^ "^ 



gg 



Tf" ic" cc" od~ 

(M (M <>1 (M 

o, d ^ ^ 

CO P p£^ flH 



c3 pL, p: 



^ 



a 



-r >^ ^" 



CO 02 oi O i 



o 
a 

Cl 

o 

11 

73 o: 



198 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Zachary Taylor, Twelfth President of the United 
States, was born in Orange County, Virginia, November 24th, 
1784. His father was a gallant officer in the Continental 
Army, associated with Washington ; and his mother was a 
woman of liberal ideas and of sterling worth. Soon after the 
birth of Zachary, his parents removed to Kentucky, and settled 
in a wilderness near the present site of Louisville. The subject 
of this sketch, therefore, had few educational advantages. 
He toiled on the farm during his minority, and took part in 
the rude border excitements of the period. Ih 1808, Presi- 
dent Jefferson gave him a lieutenant's commission in the 
Seventh U. S. Infantry. Nothing of much imj^ortance, how- 



OF AMERICAN PROGRES 199 

ever, occurred in his army life for many years. The war with 
Mexico afforded scope for the display of his abilities. Gen. 
Taylor's extraordinary success at Monterey, and his stubborn 
resistance at Buena Vista, against a force four times as 
strong, led by the ablest general of Mexico, could not escape 
public attention. He became unboundedly popular, and was 
elected President of the United States in November, 1848. 
He died suddenly of bilious fever July 9th, 1850, exclaiming : 
" I have tried to do my duty ! " 

Millard Fillmore, Vice-President, succeeded Mr. Tay- 
lor, and thus became the Thirteenth President of the United 
States. He was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New 
York, January 7th, 1800. His father, a plain man, removed 
in 1819 to Erie County, where he purchased and cultivated 
a small farm. Young Fillmore had only the most meager 
literary opportunities,being apprenticed at fourteen to a cloth- 
ier. He early found a friend in Judge Wood, who received 
him into his office, and furnished him means until he was 
admitted to legal practice. He was elected to the Legisla- 
ture of New York in 1829, and in 1832 was chosen as a 
Representative in Congress. In 1847, he was Comptroller of 
the State of New York ; and in 1848 he was elected to the 
Vice-Presidency, on the ticket with Mr. Taylor. On the 
decease of President Taylor, Mr. Fillmore was duly inaugu- 
rated and presided over the nation with the coolness and abil- 
ity that had characterized him in humble spheres. He died 
at Buffalo, N. Y., March 8th, 1874. 



200 national hand-book 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 11th Adm. 
For President. | From \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. 
Zachary Taylor, La. Millard Fillmore, N. Y. Whig. 
Lewis Cass, Mich. Wm. O. Butler, Ky. Democrat. 

Martin Van Buren, N. Y. Free Soil. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 11th Administration. 

Thirty States voting. — Florida, Texas, Iowa and Wis- 
consin having been admitted during previous term. Whole 
number of Electors, 290. 
For President. 

Zachary Taylor, 1,362,031 votes. Electoral votes, 163. 

Lewis Cass, - 1,122,445 " " " 127. 

Martin Van Buren, 291,455 " " " 0. 

For Vice-President. 

Millard Fillmore, 163 Electoral votes. 

Wm. O. Butler, 127 " " 

President Taylor died July 9th, 1850, and Vice-President 
Fillmore became President. 

Important Events of the llth Administration. 

1849 March 5. Zachary Taylor inaugurated President. 

1850 July 9. Death of President Taylor. 

July 10. Millard Fillmore inaugurated President. 

' Sept. 9. California admitted into the Union. 

Fugitive Slave Act passed. It imposed a fine of 

$1000, and six months' imprisonment, for harbor- 
ing or aiding tho escape of fugitive slaves. Re- 
pealed, 1864. 

1851 Kossuth, a Hungarian patriot, arrives in New York. 

1852 Death of Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay. 



of american progress. 201 

Cabinet Officers, 11th Administration — 1849-1853. 

Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, Del. ; Daniel 
Webster, Mass. ; Edward Everett. Mass. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith, Pa. ; 
Thomas Corwin, Ohio. 

Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, Ga. ; Charles 
M. Conrad, La. 

Secretaries of the Navy — William B. Preston, Va. ; Wil- 
liam A. Graham, N. C. ; John P. Kennedy, Md. 

Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, Ohio ; Alex. 
H. H. Stuart, Va. 

Postmasters- General — Jacob CoUmer, Ya. ; Nathan K. 
Hall, N. Y. Samuel D. Hubbard. 

Attorneys- General — Reverdy Johnson, Md. ; John J. Crit- 
tenden, Ky. 

National Expenses and Debt, 11th Administration. 

Tear. Expenses. Debt. 

1849 . - $56,386,422 $64,704,693 

1850 44,604,718 64,228,238 

1851 48,476,104 62,560,395 

1852 46,712,608 65,130,692 

Imports and Exports, 11th Administration. 

Year, Imports. Exports. 

1849 $147,857,439 $145,755,820 

1850 178,138,318 151,898,790 

1851 216,224,932 218,388,011 

1852 212,945,442 209,658,366 



202 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Franklin Pierce, Fourteenth President of the United 
States, was born at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, November 
23d, 1804. His father, Benjamin Pierce, was a General in 
the Revolutionary War. After a thorough preparatory course 
he entered Bowdoin College at Brunswick, Maine, where he 
graduated in 1824. He entered the law office of Levi Wood- 
bury, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. His success in 
the practice of law was not brilliant at the outset, but by un- 
wearied industry he rose at length to the highest rank as a 
counsellor and advocate. When a young man he entered 
the political arena, and supported General Jackson. 

In 1829, he became a member of the State Legislature, 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 203 

where he remained four years, during two of which he dis- 
charged the duties of Speaker with great ability. In 1833, 
he was elected to Congress, and remained a member of it 
until 1837, when he was transferred to the Senate. 

In 1834, he was married to the daughter of Dr. Appleton, 
ex-President of Bowdoin College, and established his resi- 
dence at Concord, which he never changed. President Polk 
tendered him the office of Attorney-General in 1846, which he 
declined, in favor of his own legal practice, which had 
grown large and lucrative. The war with Mexico, however, 
drew him from his office. He raised a regiment of New 
England volunteers, and receiving the commission of Brio-a- 
dier General, he departed to the Mexican frontier. At the 
head of a small division he marched to Pueblo and reinforced 
General Scott, who immediately prepared for his attack on 
the City of Mexico. J*ierce had his leg broken at the battle 
of Contreras, but refused to leave the field. On the follow- 
ing day he was on duty in the fierce engagement at Churub- 
usco, where, overcome with pain and exhaustion, he fainted on 
the field. His army life was of the most exciting nature. 

In 1852 he was nominated by the Democrat's for the Pres- 
idency, and was elected over General Scott, by an overwhelm- 
ing majority. He died at Concord, N. H., October 8th, 1869. 



Wm. R. King, Vice-President, was born in N. C. in 1785. 
He was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1819 and served 21 
years. At the death of Pres. Harrison he was elected Pres. 
of the Senate. Died in Ala. April 18th, 1853, shortly after 
the inauguration, and never took his seat as Vice-President. 



204 national hand-book 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 12th Adm. 

For President. From. For Vice-President. From. Politics. 

Franklin Pierce, N. H. Wm. R. King, - Ala. Democrat. 

Winfield Scott, N. J. Wm. A. Graham, N. Ca. Whig. 
John P. Hale, N. H. Abolition. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 12th Administration. 

Thirty-one States voting, — California having been admitted 
during previous term. Whole number of Electors, 296. 

For President. 

Franklin Pierce 1,590,490 votes. Electoral votes 254. 

Winfield Scott 1,378,589 " " " 42. 

John P. Hale 157,296 " " " 0. 

For Vice-President. 

AVm. R. King 254 Electoral votes. 

Wm. A. Graham 42 " " 

Important Event of the 12 thAdministration. 

1853 March 4. Franklin Pierce inaugurated President. 

July 13. Grey town. Central America, bombarded 

by U. S. man-of-war for Spanish insult to Amer- 
ican Consul. 

July 14. World's Fair, or '' Crystal Palace," opeu- 

ed in New York. 
Dr. Kane sails for the Arctic Seas. 

1854 June. "• Kansas-Nebraska Bill " passed. 

1855 Anti-Slavery excitement in Kansas. 

1856 Sl?.very question excita^ the political parties. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 205 

1856 June 24. President Pierce recognizes the Fili- 
buster, Gen. Wm. Walker, as President of Nica- 
raugua, who six months after was driven from the 
country by the natives. 

July 28. Panama E,. R. to Aspinwall opened. 

Cabinet Officers, 12th Administration — 1853-1857. 

Secretary of State — William M. Marcy, N. Y. 
Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, Ky. 
Secretary of War — Jefferson Davis, Miss. 
Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, N. C. 
Secretary of the Interior — Kobert McClernand, Mich. 
Post master- General — James Campbell, Pa. 
Attorney- General — Caleb Cushing, Mass. 

National Expenses and Debt, 12th Administration. 

Year. Expenses. Debt. 

1853 $54,577,061 $67,340,628 

1854 75,473,119 47,242,206 

1855 66,164,775 39,969,731 

1856 72,726,341 30,963,900 

Imports and Exports, 12Tn Administration. 

Year. Imports. Exports. 

1853 $267,978,647 $230,976,157 

1854 304,562,381 278,341,064 

1855 261,468,520 275,156,846 

1856 314,639,943 326,964,908 



206 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




James Buchanan, Fifteenth President of the United 
States, was born in Franklin County, Pa., April 23d, 1791. 
His parents were from the North of Ireland. He was a 
studious youth, and graduated with honor at Dickinson Col- 
lege, when but eighteen years of age. He studied law in the 
office of James Hopkins, of Lancaster, Pa., and was admitted 
in 1812. In his profession he had numerous and wealthy 
clients, and his practice was so extensive and remunerative, 
that at the age of forty he was able to retire with an ample 
fortune. At the age of twenty-three he was elected to the 
State Legislature of Pennsylvania. He vigorously sup- 
ported the War of 1812-14, and as a private soldier marched 
to the defense of Baltimore. In 1820, he was elected to the 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 207 

House of Representatives at Washington, where his knowl- 
edge and eloquence soon gave him extensive celebrity. 
Here he remained ten years, and then declined re-election. 

In 1831 President Jackson appointed him Minister Pleni- 
potentiary to Russia. He accepted the honor, proceeded to 
St. Petersburgh, and concluded the first commercial treaty 
between the two countries. In 1 833 he returned, and was 
chosen to the U. S. Senate from Pennsylvania. 

In 1845, when President Polk formed his Cabinet, Mr. 
Buchanan became Secretary of State, which important posi- 
tion he filled during the entire administration. 

In 1853 President Pierce tendered him the appointment 
of Minister to England, which he accepted, managing our af- 
fairs at the Court of St. James with such discretion as to 
meet with high approval. He landed again in New York in 
1856, amid great public applause. In 1857 he was selected by 
the Democrats at their Convention at Cincinnati, as the 
standard-bearer of the party for the Presidency, and was 
elected by a moderate majority, two other general tickets be- 
ing defeated. Mr. Buchanan had been longer in public life 
than any of his predecessors in the Presidency, yet his ad- 
ministration was, perhaps, less satisfactory to all parties than 
that of any of our Presidents. 

The discussion on the Slavery question, which then reached 
its crisis, was the absorbing interest of the times. Senator 
Douglas divided the Democracy, but thereby only hastened 
secession. Buchanan's public career closed in a storm of 
fearful severity. He sat appalled amid the treachery of high 
officials and the treason of entire States. He ruled unfor- 



208 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

tunately when a Jackson or a Napoleon was needed. He 
retired to private life at the close of his term, and died at 
Wheatland, near Lancaster, Pa., June 1st, 1868. He never 
married, and was styled the bachelor President. 



John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President, was born at 
Lexington, Ky., Jan. 21, 1821. A lawyer by profession. 
Elected to Congress 1851, and Vice-Pres. in 1856. Candi- 
date for President in 1860. Elected to U. S. Senate 1861. 
Expelled Dec. 4, 1861. Became Confederate INIajor-General 
and Sec. of War at Richmond 1865. Died May 17, 1875. 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 13th Adm. 

For President. | From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. 
James Buchanan, Pa. J. C. Breckenridge, Ky. Democrat. 
J. C. Fremont, Cal. Wm. L. Dayton, N. J. Republican. 
Millard Fillmore, N. Y. A. J. Donelson, Tenn. American. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 13th Administration. 

Thirty-one States Toting. Whole No. of Electors, 296. 

For President. 

James Buchanan 1,832,232 votes. Electoral votes 174. 

John C.Fremont 1,341,514 " '' " 109. 

Millard Fillmore 874,707 " « « 8. 

For Vice-President. 

J. C. Breckenridge 174 Electoral votes. 
Wm. L. Dayton 109 " " 

A. J. Donelson 8 " « 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 209 

Important Events of the 13tli Administration. 

1857 March 4. James Buchanan inaugurated President. 

March 6. The Dred Scott decision rendered by 

Chief Justice Taney. Dred Scott and wife were 
slaves, held by an army surgeon. By change of 
residence from a slave state to free territory, they 
claimed their freedom, which was denied by their 
master. The Supreme Court denied the claim, 
and tliey were held as slaves. 
Financial panic, and great religious revivals. 

1858 May 11. Minnesota admitted into the Union. 

Mount Vernon purchased by the ladies. 

1859 Feb. 14. Oregon admitted into the Union. 

Oil wells first discovered at Titusville, Pa. 

June 2Q. Commodore Tatnall of U. S. Navy, in 

retalliating for Chinese insult, said: "Blood is 
thicker than water." 

July 4. Alexander II. Stephens advocates the 

formation of a Southern Confederacy. 

Sept. Prince of Wales visits the U. S. amid great 

popular demonstration. 

Oct. 16. John Brown with an armed band make a 

raid into Va. with a view to liberating slaves. 

Nov. 6. Abraham Lincoln elected President. This 

is made a pretext for secession of the Southern 
States. I 

Dec. 3. President Buchanan denies the right of a 

State to secede and asserts the rights of the U. S. 

government to coerce a rebellious state. 
14 



210 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1860 Dec. 20. South Carolina Legislature passed the 

ordinance of secession. 

Cabinet officers, U. S. Senators, and Members of 

Congress from the Southern States resign. 

1861 Jan. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia and 

Louisana secede from the Union. 

Jan. 21. Jefferson Davis resigned his seat in U. S. 

Senate, 

1862 Jan. 29. Kansas admitted into the Union. 

Feb. 1. Texas secedes from the Union. 

Feb. 4. " Southern Confederacy " formed at Mont- 

gomery. 

Feb. 9. Jeff. Davis and A. H. Stevens eiected 

President and Vice-Pres. of the " Confederacy." 

April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumpter, first 

shot of the Civil War. 

April 15. The President called for 75,000 volun- 

teers. N. Y. State authorizes the appropriation 
of $3,000,000 for war purposes. 

May 15. Queen Victoria proclaims neutrality. 

Rebellion, important events of. See Contents. 



of american progress. 21) 

Cabinet Officers, 13th Adm. — 1857-1861. 

Secretaries of State — Lewis Cass, Mich. ; Jeremiah S. 
Black, Pa. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Howell Cobb, Ga. ; Philip F. 
Thomas, Md. ; John A. Dix, N. Y. 

Secretaries of War — John B. Floyd, Va. ; Joseph Holt, Ky. 

Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucy, Conn. 

Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, Mississippi. 

Postmasters- General — Aaron V. Brown, Tenn. ; Joseph 
Holt, Ky. ; Horatio King, Me. 

Attorneys- General— ^^QreminXi S. Black, Pa. ; Edwin M. 
Stanton, Pa. 

National Expenses and Debt, 13th Administration. 

^e«^- Expenses. Debt. 

1857 ........ $71,274,587 $29,060,386 

1858 82,002,186 44.910,777 

1859 83,678,643 58,754,699 

I860 77,055,125 64,769,703 

Imports and Exports, Thirteenth Administration. 
^car. Imports. Exports. 

1857 $362,890,141 $362,960,608 

1858 282,613,150 324,644,421 

1859 338,768,130 356,789,641 

I860 362,162,541 400,122,296 



212 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Abraham Lincoln, Sixteenth President of the United 
States, was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, on the 12th of 
February, 1809. His early home was one of extreme pov- 
erty, but of strict virtue. His mother, an intelligent Chris- 
tian lady, taught him to read and write. In 1816 his pa- 
rents removed to what is now Spencer County, Indiana. 
Here he received a few months of schooling, the only advan- 
tages of that kind he ever enjoyed. His youth was charac- 
terized by stalwart physical growth, by great industry, 
honesty, and a thirst for learning. 

In 1830 his father removed to Decatur County, 111., and 
established himself on an uncultivated farm. Here Abraham 
split rails for fencing, which, in later years, gave him the 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 213 

title of " rail-splitter." During these years he mastered all 
the books within his reach, and hungered for more. 

In 1832, he served as captain of volunteers in the war 
against Black Hawk, and two years later he was elected to 
the Legislature of Illinois, where he continued four years. 
In 1836, he was admitted to the bar, and the following year 
opened an office at Springfield, and gradually rose to the 
first rank as an attorney. In politics he was a Whig in his 
early years, and in 1844 canvassed the State for Henry Clay. 
In 1846, he was elected to Congress. In 1848, he canvassed 
the State for Gen. Taylor, and in 1858, he canvassed it again 
in opposition to Judge Douglas for the U. S. Senatorship. 

In 1860, he was nominated by the Republicans for the 
Presidency, and elected, by a minority of the people, three 
other tickets being in the field. His election was made the 
occasion for the secession of States, and the attempt to de- 
stroy the Union, which President Buchanan did not prevent. 
Finding that nothing but armed force could hold the States 
together, he reluctantly accepted the issue, mustering hun- 
dreds of thousands of troops, and waging through his first 
term a war of astounding magnitude, resulting in the com- 
plete triumph of the Federal authority. His Emancipation 
Proclamation, a war measure, taking effect January, 1863, 
obliterated cliattel slavery forever in the United States. 

He was re-elected by an immense popular majority in 

1864, but was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, April 14th, 

1865. He gathered around him in office the greatest minds. 
He was honest, fearless, pure, — a statesman and a patriot. 



214 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Andrew Johnson, Vice-President, succeeded Mr. Lin- 
coln, and thus became the Fifteenth President of the 
U. S. He was born at Raleigh, N. C, Dec. 29th, 1808. His 
family was so poor that he received no public schooling, and 
at ten was apprenticed to a tailor. He married and settled 
at Greenville, Tenn. His wife became his instructor, and he 
soon became mayor of the town, after which he was elected 
to the Legislature, and went from that to Congress, where he 
remained for several years. He served several years in the 
U. S. Senate, and in 1862 was made Military Governor of 
Tennessee. Though previously a rigid pro-Slavery Democrat, 
he changed his politics and was elected on the ticket with 
Mr. Lincoln. Soon after his installation as President, a 
painful disagreement arose between him and Congress, which 
unhappily continued through his entire administration. Pie 
died July 30th, 1875. 

Hannibal Hamlin was born at Paris, Me., Aug. 27, 
1809. He spent his earlier years on his father's farm, com- 
menced the study of law when 21 ; and was admitted to the 
bar in 1833, was a member of the Maine Legislature four 
years, twice elected to Congress and to the U. S. Senate, in 
1848 was re-elected two subsequent terms of six years each. 
In 1857 was elected Governor of Maine and Vice-President 
in 1860. 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 14th Adm. 
For President. \ From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. 
Abraham Lincoln, 111. Hannibal Hamlin, Me. Repub. 
J, C. Breckenridge, Ky. James Lane, Oreg. Dem. 

Stephen A. Douglas, 111. H. V. Johnson, Ga. Dem. 
John Bell, Tenn. Edward Everett, Mass. Union, 



of american progress. 215 

Second Term. 

Abraham Lincoln, 111. Andrew Johnson, Tenn., Repub. 

Geo. B McClellan, N. J. Geo. H. Pendleton, Ohio, Dem. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 14th Adm. 

Number of States voting, first term thirty -three. Minnesota 
and Oregon admitted during previous term. Whole number 
of electors, 303. 

For President. 

Abraham Lincoln, 1,857,610 votes. Electoral votes, 180. 
John C. Breckenridge, 847,953 " " " 72. 

Stephen A. Douglas, 1,365,978 " " " 12. 

John Bell, 590,631 " « « 39. 

For Vice-President. 

Hannibal Hamlin, 180 Electoral votes. 

James Lane, 72 " " 

H. y. Johnson, 12 « « 

Edward Everett, 39 " " 

Second Term.— Number' of States voting, 25. South 
Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Tennesses, 
Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida and 
Texas being in rebellion, did not vote. Since last election 
Kansas, West Virginia and Nebraska were admitted. Whole 
number of Electors, 233. 

For President. 

Abraham Lincoln, 3,213,035 votes. Electoral votes, 212. 
Geo. B. McClellan, 1,811,734 « « « 21- 



216 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

For Vice-President, 

Andrew Johnson, 212 Electoral votes. 

Geo. H. Pendleton, 21 " « 

President Lincoln died April 15th, 1865, and Vice-Presi- 
dent Johnson became President, and L. S. Foster, of Conn., 
became acting Vice-President. 



Important Events of the 14th Administration. 

1861 March 4. Abraham Lincoln inaugurated Pn sident. 

War of the Rebellion. See Contents for prominent 

events of the War. See Contents for Battles of the 
Rebellion. 

John A. Dix, Secretary of Treasury, dispatch to 

New Orleans : '•'-If any man attempt to haul down 
the American flag, shoot him on the spot.'" 

June 10. Napoleon III. proclaims neutrality in the 

U. S. conflict. 

Nov. 30. The British minister, Lord Lyon, ordered 

to leave the country if the confederate com- 
missioners, Mason and Slidel, were not released 
within seven days. 
Dec. 30. N.Y. banks suspend specie payment, follow- 
ed by other cities — silver resumed fifteen years 
later, May, 1876, by act of Congress. 

1862 July 1. The President calls for 300,000 more troops. 

1863 Jan. 1. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proc- 

lamation goes into effect (issued Sept. 22, 1862). 

June 20. West Virginia admitted into the Union. 

July 13-16. Great Draft Riots in N. Y. and other 

cities. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 217 

1864 Feb. 1. President orders a draft for more men. 

July 18. President calls for 500,000 volunteers. 

Oct. 31. Nevada admitted into the Union. 

1865 April 9. Surrender of Lee's army to Grant. 

April 14. President Lincoln assassinated by John 

Wilkes Booth. 

Andrew Johnson inaugurated President. 

27. Booth, the assassin of President Lincoln, mort- 

tally wounded and captured. 

May 10. Jefferson Davis captured in Georgia. 

Dec. 18. Slavery abolished by the ratification of 

Fifteenth Amendment by three-fourths of the 
States. 

1866 Atlantic Cable successfully laid. 

Feb. 19. The Freedman's Bureau bill, requiring 

the government to take care of the emancipated 
slaves and poor whites of the South. Vetoed by 
Pres. Johnson. The bill passed over his veto July 16. 

March. 27. The Civil Rights Bill which accorded 

to the negro every right enjoyed by the white 
man, vetoed by the President. The bill passed 
Congress over his veto, April 9. 

1867 March 1. Nebraska admitted as a Stale. 

May 13. Horace Greeley and others sign Jefferson 

Davi's bail bond at Richmond,Va.,andheis released. 

June 20. Alaska purchased from Russia for $7,- 

200,000. 

1868 Feb. 24. President Johnson impeached by the 

House, and acquitted May 16. 



218 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Cabinet Officers, 14th Administration — 1861-1869. 

Secretary of State. — William H. Seward, N. Y. 

Secretaries of the Treasury. — Salmon P. Chase, Ohio ; 
William Pitt Fessenden, Me. ; Hugh McCuUoch, Ind. 

Secretaries of War. — Simon Cameron, Pa. ; Edwin M. 
Stanton, Pa. ; Ulysses S. Grant, 111. ; John M. Schofield, Mo. 

Secretary of the Navy.- — Gideon Wells, Conn. 

Secretaries of the Interior. — Caleb B. Smith, Ind. ; John 
P. Usher, Ind. ; James Harlan, Iowa ; O. II. Browning, 111. 

Postmasters- General. — Montgomery Blair, Md. ; William 
Dennison, Ohio ; Alex. W. Randall, Wis. 

Attorneys- General. — Edward Bates, Mo. ; James J. Speed, 
Ky. ; Henry Stanberry, Ohio ; William M. Evarts, N. Y. 
National Expenses and Debt, 14th Administration. 

Year. Expenses. Debt. 

1861 $ 85,387,313 % 90,867,828 

1862 570,841,700 514,211,371 

1863 805,796,630 1,098,796,181 

1864 1,298,144,656 1,740,690,489 

1865 1,897,674,224 2,682,593,026 

1866 1,141,072,666 2,783,425,879 

1867 1,093,079,655 2,692,199,215 

1868 1,069.889,970 2,636,320,964 

Imports and Exports, 14th Administration. 

Year. Imports. Exports. 

1861 $286,598,135 $243,971,277 

1862 275,357,051 229,938,985 

1863 252,919,920 322,359,254 

1864 329,562,895 301,984,561 

1865 234,339,810 336,697,123 

1866 445,512,158 550,684,299 

1867 411,733,309 438,577,312 

1868 373,400,448 454,301,713 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



219 



FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




•^•fowEfTur^ 



Ulysses S. Grant, Eigliteenth President of the United 
States, was born of good English ancestry, at Point Pleasant, 
Clermont County, Ohio, April 27th, 1822. His grandfather, 
Noah Grant, fought at the battle of Lexington, and was pro- 
moted to the rank of captain. Ulysses attended school at 
the Academy at Ripley, Ohio, after which he entered the 
Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated May 
15th, 1839, being then scarcely eighteen years of age. He 
ranked as a fair, general scholar, and excelled in mathematics. 

He took part in the Mexican War, distinguishing himself 
for coolness and bravery, and was promoted to the rank of 
captain in 1853. He remained with his regiment until 1854, 
when he resigned, and in complete poverty returned to private 



220 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

life. He tried farming and real estate business with but 
moderate success, after which he became a partner with his 
father in the leather trade, at Galena, 111. Here he remained 
until President Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 troops. He 
wrote to the authorities at Washington, tendering liis services, 
but received no reply. He marched to Springfield at the 
head of a company of volunteers. Governor Yates needed 
some one with military knowledge to assist him, and so made 
him his mustering officer. He soon held a colonel's commis- 
sion, and two months later was made Brigadier-General. On 
the 15tli of February, 18G2, he captured Fort Donelson, after 
much hard fighting, which was the first great victory of the 
war. His reply to the rebel General who attempted to delay 
his operations, "I propose to move immediately on your 
works," was caught up and repeated all through the country. 
Grant's reputation as a fighting General was now estal)- 
lished. At Pittsburgh Landing he was surprised : his army 
and his reputation suffered somewhat, but he grasped victory 
in his defeat. 

The capture of Vicksburg, and the consequent opening of 
the Mississippi River, was hailed with the wildest delight all 
over the North, and by common consent Grant became, in 
fact, the Generalissimo of the forces of the United States. 
His rapid promotions had no evil effects upon him. Placed 
in command of 700,000 armed men, he announced that his 
headquarters would be in the field, and promptly inaugurated 
two grand movements, the success of which ended the strug- 
gle. One of these against Atlanta, Georgia, he committed to 
General Sherman ; the other as^ainst Richmond, he conducted 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 221 

himself. Driven from his stronghold, Lee, with the remnant 
of a great army, retreated to Appomattox Court House, 
where he surrendered to Grant, and the war ended. Grant's 
conduct in this great triumph was marked by a delicacy that 
extorted praise from his bitterest enemies on both sides. 

On the 21st of May, 1868, Grant was nominated for the 
Presidency, and was elected over Horatio Seymour by a 
large majority. His first term gave such satisfaction that he 
was re-nominated, June 5th, 1872, and was elected over 
Horace Greeley. President Grant has been an honest, 
virtuous Executive. His tenacity for his friends, the exclu- 
sion of more capable men, has led to numerous mistakes, 
which have somewhat dimmed the glory of his administration. 

Schuyler Colfax was bornin T»^. Y. City, Mar. 23, 1823. 
Removed to Indiana in 1836, and studied law and afterwards 
edited a newspaper. In 1851 was elected to Congress and 
six times re-elected. He served three terms as speaker of 
the House and was elected Vice-Pres. in 1860. 

Henry Wilson was born at Farmington, N. H., Feb. 16, 
1812. Apprenticed to a farmer till 21 years of age, then 
followed shoemaking at Natick, Mass. He was a close 
student and filled numerous positions of trust and honor in 
his own State, was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1855, and 
served that body till elected Vice-Pres. in 1868. Died at 
Washington Nov. — 1875. 



222 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Candidates for President and Vice-President, 
15th Adm. 

For Pres. From. For Vice-Pres. From. Politics. 

Ulysses S. Grant, 111., Schuyler Colfax, Ind. Republican. 
Horatio Seymour, N. Y., Francis P. Blair, Mo. Democrat. 

Second Term. 

Ulysses S. Grant, 111., Henry Wilson, Mass. Republican. 
Horace Greeley, N. Y., B. Gratz Brown, Mo. Liberal. 

Popular and Electoral Vote.— 15^^ Administra- 
tion. — Thirty-four States voting, Va., Miss., and Texas had 
no vote. They had not been re-admitted since the Rebel- 
lion. Whole number of Electors, 294. 

For President. 

U. S. Grant, 3,015,887 votes ; Electoral votes, 214. 

Horatio Seymour, 2,703,249 votes ; Electoral votes, 80. 

For Vice-President. 

Schuyler Colfax, Electoral votes, 214. 
Francis P. Blair, " « 80. 

Second Term. — Thirty-seven States voting. Whole num- 
ber of Electors, 360. 

Frr President. 

U. S. Grant, 3,592,984 votes ; Electoral votes, 300. 
Horace Greeley, 2,833,847 votes. Would have received 
74 Electoral votes. He died before Electoral College met. 

For Vice-President. 

Henry Wilson, Electoral votes, 300. 
B. Gratz Brown, " " 66. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 223 

Important Events During 15th Adminis- 
tration. 

1869 March 4. U. S. Grant inaugurated President. 

Nov. 4. Death of George Peabody. 

1870 Oct. 12. Death of Gen. Robert E. Lee. 

1871 Jan. 26. Congress repeals the income tax. 

March 5. Great riot (Chinaman's) in San Fran- 

cisco. 

July 12. Orange Riot (attacked by Catholics) in 

N. Y. 

Oct. 7-9. The great Chicago fire. 

" 8. Great forest fires in Wis. and Mich. 

" 26. Wm. M. Tweed and others arrested for 

frauds on N. Y. city. 

1872 March 26. Great earthquake and loss of life in 

Cal. 

June 17. The World's Peace Jubilee (Gilmore's) 

in Boston. 

Nov. 9-10. The great Boston fire. 

Barnum's Museum destroyed by fire in New York. 

1873 Jan. 20. U. S. troops defeated by Modoc Indians. 

April 11. Gen Canby and Rev. Dr. Thomas mur- 

dered by Modoc Indians. 

Sept. 18. . Failure of Jay Cooke & Co., and others 

on Wall street, followed by panic of 1873. 

Oct. 3. Capt. Jack and other Modoc Indians ex- 

ecuted. 

Nov. 19. W. M. Tweed convicted for defrauding 

City of New York. 

1874 March 11. Death of Charles Sumner. 

May 16. Mill River (Mass.) Reservoir Disaster. 

Fearful loss of life. 

Nov. 1. Arrival of Kalakana, King of Hawaiian 

Islands. 



224 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1875 Jan. 23. East River spanned by an Ice Bridge ; 

and pedestrians cross from Brooklyn to New- 
York. 

April 19. 1 00th Anniversary of the Battles of 

Concord and Lexington. 

June 17. Centennial Celebration of Bunker Hid. 

■ Nov. 22. Death of Vice-President Henry Wilson 

• Nov. 24. Death of William B. Astor. Aged 84. 

The wealthiest man in America ; estimated at 
$150,000,000. 

June 26. Gen. Custer and 311 United States 

troops defeated and killed by Sioux Indians, led 
by Sitting Bull. 

August 14. East River spanned by the first wire 

in the construction of the New York and Brook- 
lyn Bridge. 

1876 March 2. 

. April 10. Death of A. T. Stewart, the Merchant 

Prince. 

April 15. Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, visits 

New^ York. 

May 1 0. Grand Opening of the World's Exhibition 

at Philadelphia. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



225 



Cabinet Officers, 15th Administration — 1869-1877. 

Secretary of State — Hamilton Fish, N. Y. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — B. H. Bristow, Ky. ; Lot M. 
Morrell, Vt. 

Secretaries of War — Wm. W. Belknap, Iowa ; J. D. Cam- 
eron, Pa. 

Secretary of the Navy — Geo. M. Robeson, N. J. 

Secretary of the Interior — C. Delano, Ohio ; Z. Chandler, 
Mich. 

Attorney- General — Edwd. Pierrepont, N. Y. 

Postmasters- General — J. A. Creswell, Md. ; Marshall 
Jewell, Conn. ; Joseph N. Tyner, Ind. 

National Expenses and Debt, 15th Administration. 



Tear. 






Expenses. 


Debt. 


1869 .... $322,865,277.80 


$2,588,452,213.94 


1870 . . 






309,653,560.75 


2,480,672,427.81 


1871 . . 






292,177,188.25 


2,353,211,332.32 


1872 . . 






277,517,962.67 


2,253,251,328.78 


1873 . 






290,345,245.33 


2,202,952,993.20 


1874 . . 






287,133,873.17 


2,192,930,468.43 


1875 . 






274,623,392.84 


2,173,869,531.95 


1876 . 






. 258,459,797.33 


2,146,730,067.15 


Imports and Exports, 15th 


Administration. 


Tear. Imports. 


Exports. 


1869 .... $437,314,255 


$343,256,077 


1870 . 






. 462,377,587 


450,927,434 


1871 . 






. 341,000,000 


541,500,000 


1872 . 






640,000,000 


523,900,000 


1873 . 






693,600,000 


542,600,000 


1874 . 






. 595,800,000 


653,000,000 


1875 . 






. 553,900,000 


605,500,000 


1876 . 






476,500,000 
15 


599,500,000 



PEESEJENT JACKSON'S PEOCLAKATION. 227 



PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PEOCLAMATION, 

ISSUED IN 1832, WHEN SOUTH OAEOLINA UNDEETOOK TO ANNUl 
THE FEDERAL EEVENUK LAW. 

Wheeeas a convention, assembled in the State of 
South Carolina, have passed an ordinance, by which 
they declare " that the several acts and parts of acts 
of the Congress of the United States, purporting to 
be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the 
importation of foreign commodities, and now having 
actual operation and effect within the United States, 
and more especially ' two acts for the same purposes, 
passed on the 29th of May, 1828, and on the 14th of 
July, 1832,' are unauthorized by the Constitution of 
the United States, and violate the true meaning and 
intent thereof, and are null and void, and no law," 
nor binding on the citizens of that State or its offi- 
cers; and by the said ordinance it is further declared 
to be unlawful for any of the constituted authori 
tieb of the State, or of the United States, to enforce 



228 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the payment of tlie duties imposed by tlie said acta 
within the same State, and that it is the duty of the 
legislature to pass such laws as may be necessary to 
give full effect to the said ordinances : 
I And whereas, by the said ordinance it is furthei 
ordained, that, in no case of law or equity, decided in 
the courts of said State, wherein shall be drawn in 
question the validity of the said ordinance, or of the 
acts of the legislature that may be passed to give it 
effect, or of the said laws of the United States, no 
appeal shall be allowed to the Supreme Court of the 
United States, nor shall any copy of the record be 
permitted or allowed for that purpose ; and that any 
person attempting to take such appeal, shall be pun- 
ished as for a contempt of court : 

And, finally, the said ordinance declares that the 
people of South Carolina wdll maintain the said ordi- 
nance at every hazard ; and that they will consider 
the passage of any act by Congress abolishing or 
closing tlie ports of the said State, or otherwise ob- 
structing the free ingress or egress of vessels to and 
from the said ports, or any other act of the Federal 
Government to coerce the State, shut up her ports, 
destroy or harass her commerce, or to enforce the 
said acts otherwise than through the civil tribunals 
of the country, as inconsistent with the longer con- 
tinuance of South Carolina in the Union ; and that 



PRESIDENT JACKSON^S PEOCLAMATIOK. 229 

the people of the said State will thenceforth hold 
themselves absolved from all further obligation to 
maintain or preserve their political connection with 
the people of the other States, and will forthwith 
proceed to organize a separate government, and do 
all other acts and things which sovereign and inde- 
pendent States may of right do: 

And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the 
people of South Carolina a course of conduct in direct 
violation of their duty as citizens of the United 
States, contrary to the laws of their country, subver- 
sive of its Constitution, and having for its object the 
destruction of the Union — that Union, which, coeval 
with our political existence, led our fathers, without 
any other ties to unite them than those of patriotism 
and common cause, through a sanguinary struggle to 
a glorious independence — that sacred Union, hitherto, 
inviolate, which, perfected by our happy Constitu- 
tion, has brought us, by the favor of Heaven, to a 
state of prosperity at home, and high consideration 
abroad, rarely, if ever, equaled in the history of na- 
tions ; to preserve this bond of our political existence 
from destruction, to maintain inviolate this state of 
national honor and prosperity, and to justify the con- 
fidence my fellow-citizens have reposed in me, I, 
Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, 
have thought proper to issue this, mj Peoclamation, 



530 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

stating my views of the Constitution and lawa 
applicable to the measures adopted by the Conven- 
tion of South Carolina, and to the reasons they have 
put forth to sustain them, declaring the course which 
duty will require me to pursue, and, appealing to the 
understanding and patriotism of the people, warn 
them of the consequences that must inevitably result 
from an observance of the dictates of the Convention. 

Strict duty would require of me nothing more 
than the exercise of those powers with which I am 
now, or may hereafter be, invested, for preserving 
the Union, and for the execution of the laws. But 
the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in 
this case, by clothing itself with State authority, and 
the deep interest which the people of the United 
States must all feel in preventing a resort to stronger 
measures, while there is a hope that anything will be 
yielded to reasoning and remonstrances, perhaps 
demand, and will certainly justify, a full exposition 
to South Carolina and the nation of the views I en- 
tertain of this important question, as well as a distinct 
enunciation of the course which my sense of duty will 
require me to pursue. 

The ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible 
right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitu- 
tional, and too oppressive to be endured, but on the 
strange position that any one State may not only 



231 



declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its exe- 
cution — that they may do this consistently with the 
Constitution — that the true construction of that 
instrument permits a State to retain its place in the 
Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than 
those it may choose to consider as constitutional. It 
is true they add, that, to justify this abrogation of a 
law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution ; 
but it is evident, that to give the right of resisting 
laws of that description, coupled with the uncon- 
trolled right to decide what laws deserve that char- 
acter, is to give the power of resisting all laws. For, 
as by the theory, there is no appeal, the reasons 
alleged by the State, good or bad, must prevail. If 
it should be said that public opinion is a sufficient 
check against the abuse of this power, it may be 
asked why is it not deemed a sufficient guard against 
the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress. 
There is, however, a restraint in this last case, which 
makes the assumed power of a State more indefensi- 
ble, and which does not exist in the other. There 
are two appeals from an unconstitutional act passed 
by Congress— one to the judiciary, the other to the 
people and the States. There is no appeal from the 
State decision in theory ; and the practical illustra- 
tration shows that the courts are closed against an 
application to review it, both judges and jurors being 



232 NAlTONAL aANi)-BOOK. 

sworn to decide in its favor. But reasoning on this 
subject is superfluous, when our social compact in 
express terms declares, that the laws of the United 
States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it, 
are the supreme law of the land ; and for greater 
caution adds, " that the judges in every State shall 
be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." 
And it may be asserted, without fear of refutation, 
that no federative government could exist without a 
similar provision. Look, for a moment, to the conse- 
quence. If South Carolina considers the revenue 
laws unconstitutional, and has a right to prevent 
their execution in the port of Charleston, there would 
be a clear constitutional objection to their collection 
in every other port, and no revenue could be collected 
anywhere ; for all imposts must be equal. It is no 
answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no 
law, so long as the question of its legality is to be 
decided by the State itself ; for every law operating 
injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps 
thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitu- 
tional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal. 

If this doctrine had been established at an earlier 
day, the Union would have been dissolved in its 
infancy. The excise law in Pennsylvania, the em- 
bargo and non-intercourse law in the Eastern States, 



pEEsiDENT Jackson's proclamation. 235 

tlie carriage tax in Yirginia, were all deemed uncon- 
stitutional, and were more unequal in their operation 
than any of the laws now complained of ; but, fortu- 
nately, none of those States discovered that they had 
the right now claimed by South Carolina. The war 
into which we were forced, to support the dignity of 
the nation and the rights of our citizens, might have 
ended in defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and 
honor, if the States, who supposed it a ruinous and 
unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed 
the right of nullifying the act by which it was de- 
clared, and denying supplies for its prosecution. 
Hardly and unequally as those measures bore upon 
several members of the Union, to the legislatures of 
none did this efficient and peaceable remedy, as it is 
called, suggest itself. The discovery of this impor- 
tant feature in our Constitution was reserved to the 
present day. To the statesmen of South Carolina 
belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that 
State will, unfortunately, fall the evils of reducing it 
to practice. 

If the doctrine of a State veto upon the laws of 
the Union carries with it internal evidence of its im- 
practicable absurdity, our constitutional history will 
also afford abundant proof that it would have been 
repudiated with indignation had it been proposed to 
form a feature in our government. 



234 NATIONAli HAND-BOOK. 

In our colonial state, although dependent on an- 
other power, we very early considered ourselves as 
connected bj common interest with each other. 
Leagues were formed for common defense, and before 
the Declaration of Independence, we were known in 
our aggregate character as the United Colonies of 
America. That decisive and important step was 
taken jointly. We declared ourselves a nation by a 
joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of 
our confederation were reduced to form, it was in 
that of a solemn league of several States, by which 
they agreed that they would, collectively, form one 
nation, for the purpose of conducting some certain 
domestic concerns, and all foreign relations. In the 
instrument forming that Union, is found an article 
which declares that " every State shall abide by the 
determinations of Congress on all questions which 
by that Confederation should be submitted to them." 

Under the Confederation, then, no State could 
legally annul a decision of the Congress, or refuse to 
submit to its execution ; but no provision was made 
to enforce these decisions. Congress made requisi- 
tions, but they were not complied with. The gov- 
ernment could not operate on individuals. They had 
no judiciary, no means of collecting revenue. 

But the defects of the Confederation need not be 
detailed. Under its operation we could scarcely be 



PRESIDENT Jackson's pkoclamation. 235 

called a nation. We had neither prosperity at home 
nor consideration abroad. This state of things could 
not be endured, and our present happy Constitution 
was formed, but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine 
prevails. It was formed for important objects that 
are announced in the preamble made in the name 
and by the authority of the people of the United 
States, whose delegates framed, and whose conven- 
tions approved, it. 

The most important among these objects, that 
which is placed first in rank, on which all the others 
rest, is " to form a more perfect TJnionP Now, it is 
possible that, even if there were no express provision 
giving supremacy to the Constitution and laws of 
the United States over those of the States, it can be 
conceived that an instrument made for the purpose 
of ''^forming a more perfect Union^^ than that of the 
Confederation, could be so constructed by the assem- 
bled wisdom of our country as to substitute for that 
confederation a form of government, dependent for 
its existence on the local interest, the party spirit of 
a State, or of a prevailing faction in a State ? Every 
man, of plain, unsophisticated understanding, who 
hears the question, will give such an answer as will 
preserve the Union. Metaphysical subtlety, in pur- 
suit of an impracticable theory, could alone have 
devised one that is calculated to destroy it. 



236 KAtlOiTAt ifAND-BOOit. 

I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the 
United States, assumed by one State, inconvpatible 
with the existence of the Union^ cont/radicted expressly 
hy the letter of the Constitution^ unauthorized hy its 
fipirit^ inconsistent with every princijple on which it 
was founded^ and destructive of the great object for 
which it was formed. 

After this general view of the leading principle, 
we must examine the particular application of it 
which is made in the ordinance. 

The preamble rests its justification on these 
grounds : It assumes as a fact, that the obnoxious 
laws, although they purport to be laws for raising 
revenue, were in reality intended for the protection 
of manufactures, which purpose it asserts to be un- 
constitutional ; that the operation of these laws is 
unequal ; that the amount raised by them is greater 
than is required by the wants of the government ; 
and, finally, that the proceeds are to be applied to 
objects unauthorized by the Constitution. These are 
the only causes alleged to justify an open opposition 
to the laws of the country, and a threat of seceding 
from the Union, if any attempt should be made to 
enforce them. The first actually acknowledges that 
the law in question was passed under power ex- 
pressly given by the Constitution, to lay and collect 
imposts ; but its constitutionality is drawn in ques- 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 237 

tion from the motives of those who passed it. How- 
ever apparent this purpose may be in the present 
case nothing can be more dangerous than to admit 
the position that an unconstitutional purpose, enter- 
tained by the members who assent to a law enacted 
under a constitutional power, shall make that law 
void; for how is that purpose to be ascertained? 
Who is to make the scrutiny ? How often may bad 
purposes be falsely imputed? In how many cases 
are they concealed by false professions? In how 
many is no declaration of motive made ? Admit this 
doctrine, and you give to the States an uncontrolled 
right to decide, and every law may be annulled 
under this pretext. If, therefore, the absurd and 
dangerous doctrine should be admitted, that a State 
may annul an unconstitutional law, or one that it 
deems such, it will not apply to the present case. 

The next objection is, that the laws in question 
operate unequally. This objection may be made 
with truth to every law that has been or can be 
passed. The wisdom of man never yet contrived a 
system of taxation that would operate with perfect 
equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes 
it unconstitutional, and if all laws of that description 
may be abrogated by any State for that cause, then, 
indeed, is the federal Constitution unworthy of the 
slightest efforts for its preservation. We have hith- 



238 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

erto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Union. 
We have received it as the work of the assembled 
wisdom of the nation. "We have trusted to it as to 
the sheet-anchor of our safety, in the stormy times of 
conflict with a foreign or domestic foe. We have 
looked to it with sacred awe as the palladium of our 
liberties, and with all the solemnities of religion have 
pledged to each other our lives and fortunes here, 
and our hopes of happiness hereafter, in its defense 
and support. Were we mistaken, my countrymen, 
in attaching this importance to the Constitution of 
our country ? Was our devotion paid to the wretched, 
inefficient, clumsy contrivance, which this new doc- 
trine would make it ? Did we pledge ourselves to the 
support of an airy nothing — a bubble that must be 
blown away by the first breath of disaffection ? Was 
this self-destroying, visionary theory the work of the 
profound statesmen, the exalted patriots, to whom the 
task of constitutional reform was intrusted? Did 
the name of Washington sanction, did the States de- 
liberately ratify, such an anomaly in the history of 
fundamental legislation? 'No. We were not mis- 
taken. The letter of this great instrument is free 
from this radical fault ; its language directly contra- 
dicts the imputation; its spirit, its evident intent, 
contradicts it. No, we did not err. Our Constitu- 
tion does not contain the absurdity of giving power 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 239 

to make laws, and another power to resist them. 
The sages, whose memory will always be reverenced, 
have given us a practical, and, as they hoped, a per* 
manent constitutional compact. The Father of his 
Country did not affix his revered name to so palpable 
an absurdity. ]^or did the States, when they sever- 
ally ratified it, do so under the impression that a veto 
on the laws of the United States was reserved to 
them, or that they could exercise it by application. 
Search the debates in all their conventions — examine 
the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal 
authority — look at the amendments that were pro- 
posed. They are all silent — not a syllable uttered, 
not a vote given, not a motion made, to correct the 
explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union 
over those of the States, or to show that implication, 
as is now contended, could defeat it. Ko, we have 
not erred ! The Constitution is still the object of our 
reverence, the bond of our union, our defense in 
danger, the source of our prosperity in peace. It 
shall descend, as we have received it, uncorrupted 
by sophistical construction, to our posterity ; and the 
sacrifices of local interest, of State prejudices, of per- 
sonal animosities, that were made to bring it into 
existence, will again be patriotically offered for its 
support. 

The two remaining objections made by the ordi- 



240 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

nance to these laws are, that the sums intended to be 
raised by them are greater than are required, and 
that the proceeds will be unconstitutionally employed. 
The Constitution has given expressly to Congress the 
right of raising revenue, and of determining the sum 
the public exigencies will require. The States have 
no control over the exercise of this right other than 
that which results from the power of changing the 
representatives who abuse it, and thus procure re- 
dress. Congress may undoubtedly abuse this discre- 
tionary power, but the same may be said of others 
with which they are vested. Yet the discretion must 
exist somewhere. The Constitution has given it to 
the representatives of all the people, checked by the 
representatives of the States, and by the executive 
power. The South Carolina construction gives it to 
the legislature, or the convention of a single State, 
whei'e neither the people of the different States, nor 
the States in their separate capacity, nor the chief 
magistrate elected by the people, have any represen- 
tation. Which is the most discreet disposition of the 
power ? I do not ask you, fellow-citizens, which ia 
the constitutional disposition — that instrument speaks 
a language not to be misunderstood. But if you were 
assembled in general convention, which would you 
think the safest depository of this discretionary power 
in the last resort? Would you add a clause giving 



PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 241 

it to each of the States, or would you sanction the 
wise provisions already made by your Constitution ? 
If this should be the result of your deliberations when 
providing for the future, are you — can you — be ready 
to risk all that we hold dear, to establish, for a tem- 
porary and a local purpose, that which you must 
acknowledge to be destructive, and even absurd, as a 
general provision ? Carry out the consequences of 
this right vested in the different States, and you 
must perceive that the crisis your conduct presents 
at this day would recur whenever any law of the 
United States displeased any of the States, and that 
we should soon cease to be a nation. 

The ordinance, with the same knowledge of the 
future that characterizes a former objection, tells you 
that the proceeds of the tax will be unconstitutionally 
applied. If this could be ascertained with certainty, 
the objection would, with more propriety, be 
reserved for the law so applying the proceeds, but 
surely can not be urged against the laws levying the 
duty. 

These are the allegations contained in the ordi- 
uance. Examine them seriously, my fellow-citizens 
—judge for yourselves. I appeal to you to deter- 
mine whether they are so clear, so convincing, as to 
leave no doubt of their correctness ; and even if you 

should come to this conclusion, how far they justify 
16 



242 NATioNAii hajsd-boob:. 

the reckless, destructive course which you are directed 
to pursue. Review these objections, and the conclu- 
sions drawn from them once more. What are they ? 
Every law, then, for raising revenue, according to 
the South Carolina ordinance, may be rightfully an- 
nulled, unless it be so framed as no law ever will or 
can be framed. Congress have a right to pass laws 
for raising revenue, and each State has a right to 
oppose their execution — two rights directly opposed 
to each other; and yet is this absurdity supposed to 
be contained in an instrument drawn for the express 
purpose of avoiding collisions between the States and 
the general government, by an assembly of the most 
enlightened statesmen and purest patriots ever em- 
bodied for a similiar purpose. 

In vain have these sages declared that Congress 
shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im- 
posts, and excises — in vain have they provided that 
they shall have power to pass laws which shall be 
necessary and proper to carry those powers into 
execution, that those laws and that Constitution shall 
be the " supreme law of the land ; and that the 
judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any- 
thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the 
contrary notwithstanding." In vain have the people 
of the several States solemnly sanctioned these pro- 
visions, made them their paramount law, and indi- 



PEESiDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 243 

vidually sworn to support them whenever they were 
called on to execute any office. 

Yain provisions ! Ineffectual restrictions ! Vile 
profanation of oaths ! Miserable mockery of legisla- 
tion ! If a bare majority of the voters in any one 
State may, on a real or supposed knowledge of the 
intent with which a law has been passed, declare 
themselves free from its operation — say here it gives 
too little, there too much, and operates unequally — 
here it suffers articles to be free that ought to be 
taxed, there it taxes those that ought to be free — in 
this case the proceeds are intended to be applied to 
purposes which we do not approve, in that the 
amount raised is more than is wanted. Congress, it 
is true, are invested by the Constitution with the 
right of deciding these questions according to their 
sound discretion. Congress is composed of the repre- 
sentatives of all the States, and of all the people of 
all the States ; but we, part of the people of one 
State, to whom the Constitution has given no power 
on the subject, from whom it has expressly taken it 
away — we^ who have solemnly agreed that this Con- 
stitution shall be our law — we^ most of whom have 
sworn to support it — we now abrogate this law, and 
swear, and force others to swear, tliat it shall not be 
obeyed — and we do this, not because Congress have 
no right to pass such laws ; this we do not allege ; 



244 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

but because thej have passed them with improper 
views. They are unconstitutional from the motives 
of those who pass them, which we can never with 
certainty know, from their unequal operation; 
although it is impossible from the nature of things 
that they should be equal — and from the disposition 
which we presume may be made of their proceeds, 
although that disposition has not been declared. 
This is the plain meaning of the ordinance in rela- 
tion to laws which it abrogates for alleged unconsti- 
tutionality. But it does not stop here. It repeals, 
in express terms, an important part of the Constitu- 
tion itself, and of laws passed to give it effect, which 
have never been alleged to be unconstitutional. 
The Constitution declares that the judicial powers of 
the United States extend to cases arising under the 
laws of the United States, and that such laws the 
Constitution and treaties shall be paramount to the 
State constitutions and laws. The judiciary act pre- 
scribes the mode by which the case may be brought 
before a court of the United States, by appeal, when 
a State tribunal shall decide against this provision of 
the Constitution. The ordinance declares there 
shall be no appeal ; makes the State law paramount 
to the Constitution and laws of the United States ; 
forces judges and jurors to swear that they will dis- 
regard their provisions ; and even makes it penal in 



l*RE87DfiNT JACKSOn's PEOCLAArATION. 245 

a suitor to attempt relief by appeal. It further 
declares that it shall not be lawful for the authorities 
of the United States, or of that State, to enforce the 
payment of duties imposed by the revenue laws 
within its limits. 

Here is a law of the United States, not even 
pretended to be unconstitutional, repealed by the 
authority of a small majority of the voters of a single 
State. Here is a provision of the Constitution which 
is solenmly abrogated by the same authority. 

On such expositions and reasonings, the ordi- 
nance grounds not only an assertion of the right to 
annul the laws of which it complains, but to enforce 
it by a threat of seceding from the Union, if any 
attempt is made to execute them. 

This right to secede is deduced from the nature 
of the Constitution, which they say is a compact 
between sovereign States, who have preserved their 
whole sovereignty, and therefore are subject to no 
superior ; that because they made the compact, they 
can break it when in their opinion it has been 
departed from by the other States. Fallacious as 
this course of reasoning is, it enlists State pride, and 
finds advocates in the honest prejudices of those who 
have not studied the nature of our government suffi- 
ciently to see the radical error on which it rests. 

The people of the United States formed the Con- 



246 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK. 

stitution, acting tlirough the State legislatures, in 
making the compact, to meet and discuss its provis- 
ions, and acting in separate conventions when they 
ratified those provisions ; but the term used in its 
construction show it to be a government in which 
the people of all the States collectively are repre- 
sented. We are one people in the choice of the, 
President and Yice-President. Here the States have 
no other agency than to direct the mode in which 
the votes shall be given. The candidates having the 
majority of all the votes are chosen. The electors 
of a majority of States may have given their votes 
for one candidate, and yet another may be chosen. 
The people then, and not the States, are represented 
in the executive branch. 

In the House of Representatives there is this 
difference, that the people of one State do not, as in 
the case of President and Yice-President, all vote 
for all the members, each State electing only its own 
representatives. But this creates no material distinc- 
tion. When chosen, they are all representatives of 
the United States, not representatives of the particu- 
lar State from which they come. They are paid by 
the United States, not by the State ; nor are they 
accountable to it for any act done in performance of 
their legislative functions ; and however they may 
in practice, as it is their duty to do, consult and pre- 



247 



fer the interests of their particular constituents when 
they come in conflict with any other partial or local 
interest, yet it is their first and highest duty, as 
representatives of the United States, to promote the 
general good. 

The Constitution of the United States, then, 
forms a government^ not a league, and whether it be 
formed by compact between the States, or in any 
other manner, its character is the same. It is a gov- 
ernment in which all the people are represented, 
which operates directly on the people individually, 
not upon the States ; they retained all the power 
they did not grant. But each State having expressly 
parted with so many powers as to constitute jointly 
with the other States a single nation, can not from 
that period possess any right to secede, because such 
secession does not break a league, but destroys the 
unity of a nation, and any injury to that unity is not 
only a breach which would result from the contra- 
vention of a compact, but it is an offense against the 
whole Union. To say that any State may at pleas- 
ure secede from the Union, is to say that the United 
States is not a nation ; because it would be a sole- 
cism to contend that any part of a nation might 
dissolve its connection with the other parts, to their 
mjnry or ruin, without committing any offense. 
Secession, like any other revolutionary act, may be 



248 NATIONAL HANi)-B00i^. 

morally justified by the extremity of oppression ; but 
to call it a constitutional right, is confounding the 
meaning of terms, a7id can only be done through 
gross error, or to deceive those who are willing to 
assert a right, but would pause before they made a 
revolution, or incur the penalties consequent upon a 
failure. 

Because the Union was formed by compact, it is 
said the parties to that compact may, when they feel 
aggrieved, depart from it ; but it is precisely because 
it is a compact that they cannot. A contract is an 
agreement or binding obligation. It may by its 
terms have a sanction or penalty for its breach, or it 
may not. If it contains no sanction, it may be 
broken with no other consequence than moral guilt ; 
if it have a sanction, then the breach incurs the 
designated or implied penalty. A league between 
independent nations, generally, has no sanction other 
than a moral one ; or if it should contain a penalty, 
as there is no common superior, it cannot be 
enforced. A government, on the contrary, always 
has a sanction, express or implied ; and, in our case, 
it is both necessarily implied and expressly given. 
An attempt by force of arms to destroy a govern 
ment is an offense, by whatever means the constitu- 
tional compact may have been formed ; and such 
government has the right, by the law of self-defense, 



I'ttiBSIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. ^45 

to pass acts for punishing the offender, unless that 
right is modified, restrained, or resumed by the con- 
stitutional act. In our system, although it is modi- 
fied in the case of treason, yet authority is expressly 
given to pass all laws necessary to carry its powers 
into effect, and under this grant provision has been 
made for punishing acts which obstruct the due 
administration of the laws. 

It would seem superfluous to add anything to 
show the nature of that union which connects us ; 
but as erroneous opinions on this subject are the 
foundation of doctrines the most destructive to our 
peace, I must give some further development to my 
views on this subject. ISTo one, fellow-citizens, has a 
higher reverence for the reserved rights of the States 
than the magistrate who now addresses you. No 
one would make greater personal sacrifices, or ofti 
cial exertions, to defend them from violation ; but 
equal care must be taken to prevent, on their part, 
an improper interference with, or resumption of, the 
rights they have vested in the nation. The line has 
not been so distinctly drawn as to avoid doubts in 
some cases of the exercise of power. Men of the 
best intentions and soundest views may differ in 
their construction of some parts of the Constitution ; 
but there are others on which dispassionate reflection 
can leave no doubt. Of this nature appears to be 



250 NATIONAL HAm)-BOOK:. 

the assumed right of secession. It rests, as we have 
seen, on the alleged and undivided sovereignty of the 
States, and of their having formed in this sovereign 
capacity a compact which is called the Constitution, 
from which, because they made it, they have the 
right to secede. Both of these positions are errone- 
ous, and some of the arguments to prove them so 
have been anticipated. 

The States severally have not retained their 
entire sovereignty. It has been shown that in 
becoming parts of a nation, not members of a league, 
they surrendered many of their essential parts of 
sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare 
war, levy taxes, exercise judicial and legislative 
powers, were all functions of sovereign power. The 
States, then, for all these important purposes, were 
no longer sovereign. The allegiance of their citizens 
was transferred in the first instance to the govern- 
ment of the United States ; they became American 
citizens, and owed obedience to the Constitution of 
the United States, and to laws made in conformity 
with the powers vested in Congress. This last posi- 
tion has not been, and can not be, denied. How, 
then, can that State be said to be sovereign and 
independent whose citizens owe obedience to laws 
not made by it, and whose magistrates are sworn to 
disregard those laws, when they come in conflict 



PRESIDENT JACKSON^S PROCLAMATION 251 

with those passed by another ? What shows condu 
eivelj that the States can not be said to have 
reserved an undivided sovereignty, is that they 
expressly ceded the right to punish treason — not 
treason against a separate power, but treason against 
the United States. Treason is an offense against sov- 
ereignty, and sovereignty must reside with the power 
to punish it. But the reserved rights of the States 
are not less sacred because they have for their com- 
mon interest made the general government the 
depository of these powers. The unity of our politi- 
cal character (as has been shown for another pur- 
pose) commenced with its very existence. Under 
the royal government we had no separate character ; 
our opposition to its oppression began as united 
COLONIES. We were the United States under the 
Confederation, and the name was perpetuated and 
the Union rendered more perfect by the federal Con- 
stitution. In none of these stages did we consider 
ourselves in any other light than as forming one 
nation. Treaties and alliances were made in the 
name of all. Troops were raised for the joint 
defense. How, then, with all these proofs, that 
under all changes of our position we had, for desig- 
nated purposes and with defined powers, created 
national governments — how is it that the most per- 
fect of these several modes of union should now be 



^^2 NATIONAL IIANt)-:feOO^. 

considered as a mere league that may be dissolved at 
pleasure? It is from an abuse of terms. Compact 
is used as synonymous with league, although the 
true term is not employed, because it would at once 
show the fallacy of the reasoning. It would not do tc 
say that our Constitution was only a league, but it is 
labored to prove it a compact (which, in one sense, it 
is), and then to argue that as a league is a compact, 
every compact between nations must, of course, be a 
league, and that from such an engagement every 
sovereign power has a right to recede. But it has 
been shown that in this sense the States are not 
sovereign, and that even if they were, and the 
national Constitution had been formed by compact, 
there would be no right in any one State to exone- 
rate itself from the obligation. 

So obvious are the reasons wliich forbid this 
secession, that it is necessary only to allude to them. 
The Union was formed for the benefit of all. It was 
produced by mutual sacrifice of interest and opinions. 
Can those sacrifices be recalled ? Can the States, 
who magnanimously surrendered their title to the 
territories of the West, recall the grant ? Will the 
inhabitants of the inland States agree to pay the 
duties that may be imposed without their assent by 
those on the Atlantic or the Gulf, for their own 
benefit? Shall there be a free port in one State, 



PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 258 

and enormous duties in another ? l^o one believes 
that any right exists in a single State to involve all 
the others in these and countless other evils, contrary 
to engagements solemnly made. Every one must 
see that the other States, in self-defense, must oppose 
it at all hazards. 

These are the alternatives that are presented by 
the convention : A repeal of all the acts for raising 
revenue, leaving the government without the means 
of support ; or an acquiesce in the dissolution of our 
Union by the secession of one of its members. 
When the first was proposed, it was known that it 
could not be listened to for a moment. It was 
known if force was applied to oppose the execution 
of the laws, that it must be repelled by force — that 
Congress could not, without involving itself in dis- 
grace and the country in ruin, accede to the proposi- 
tion ; and yet if this is not done in a given day, or 
if any attempt is made to execute the laws, the State 
is, by the ordinance, declared to be out of the Union. 
The majority of a convention assembled for the pur- 
pose have dictated these terms, or rather this 
rejection of all terms, in the name of the people of 
South Carolina. It is true that the governor of the 
State speaks of the submission of their grievances to a 
convention of all the States ; which, he says, they 
"sincerely and anxiously seek and desire." Yet this 



2o4: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

obvious and constitutional mode of obtaining the 
sense of the other States on the construction of the 
federal comj)act, and amending it, if necessary, has 
never been attempted by those who liave urged tlie 
State on to this destructive measure. The State 
might have proposed a call for a general convention 
to the other States, and Congress, if a sufficient num- 
ber of them concurred, must have called it. But the 
first magistrate of South Carolina, when he expressed 
a hope that, " on a review by Congress and the func- 
tionaries of the general government of the merits of 
the controversy," such a conrention will be accorded 
to them, must have known that neither Congress, 
nor any functionary in the general government, has 
authority to call such a convention, unless it be 
demanded by two-thirds of the States. This sug- 
gestion, then, is another instance of the reckless 
inattention to the provisions of the Constitution with 
which this crisis has been madly hurried on ; or of 
the attempt to persuade the people that a constitu- 
tional remedy has been sought and refused. If the 
legislature of South Carolina " anxiously desire " a 
general convention to consider their complaints, why 
have they not made application for it in the way the 
Constitution points out? The assertion that they 
" earnestly seek " it is completely negatived by the 
omission. 



255 



This, then is the position in which we stand. A 
small majority of the citizens of one State in the 
Union have elected delegates to a State convention ; 
that convention has ordained that all the revenue 
laws of the "United States must be repealed, or that 
they are no longer a member of the Union. The 
governor of that State has recommended to the legis- 
lature the raising of an army to carry the secession 
into effect, and that he may be empowered to give 
clearances to vessels in the name of the State, l^o 
act of violent opposition to the laws has yet been 
committed, but such a state of things is hourly appre- 
hended, and it is the intent of this instrument to 
PEOCLAiM, not only that the duty imposed on me by 
the Constitution, " to take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed," shall be performed to the extent 
of the powers already vested in me by law, or of such 
others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise and 
intrust to me for that purpose ; but to warn the citi- 
zens of South Carolina, who have been deluded into 
an opposition to the laws, of the danger they will 
incur by obedience to the illegal and disorganizing 
ordinance of the convention — to exhort those who 
have refused to support it to persevere in their deter- 
mination to uphold the Constitution and laws of their 
country, and to point out to all the perilous situa- 
tion into which the good people of that State have 



266 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

been led, and that the course thej are urged to pur- 
sue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State 
whose rights they effect to support. 

Fellow-citizens of my native State ! let me not 
only admonish you, as the first magistrate of our 
common country, not to incur the penalty of its laws, 
but use the influence that a father would over his 
children whom he saw rushing to a certain ruin. In 
that paternal language, with that paternal feeling, 
let me tell you, my countrymen, that you are deluded 
by men who are either deceived themselves or wish 
to deceive you. Mark under what pretenses you 
have been led on to the brink of insurrection and 
treason on which you stand ! First a diminution of 
the value of our staple commodity, lowered by over- 
production in other quarters and the consequent 
diminution in the value of your lands, were the sole 
effect of the tariff" laws. The effect of those laws 
was confessedly injurious, but the evil was greatly 
exaggerated by the unfounded theory you were 
taught to believe, that its burdens were in propor- 
tion to your exports, not to your consumption of 
imported articles. Your pride was roused by the 
assertions that a submission to these laws was a state 
of vassalage, and that resistance to them was equal, 
in patriotic merit, to the opposition our fathers 
offered to the oppressive laws of Great Britain. You 



257 



were told that this opposition might be peaceably — 
miglit be constitutionally made — that you might 
enjoy all the advantages of the Union and bear none 
of its burdens. Eloquent appeals to your passions, 
to your State pride, to your native courage, to your 
sense of real injury, were used to prepare you for the 
period when the mask which concealed the hideous 
features of disunion should be taken off. It fell, and 
you were made to look with complacency on objects 
which not long since you would have regarded with 
horror. Look back to the arts which have brought 
you to this state — look forward to the consequences 
to which it must inevitably lead! Look back to 
what was first told you as an inducement to enter 
into this dangerous course. The great political 
truth was repeated to you that you had the revolu- 
tionary right of resisting all laws that were palpably 
unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive — it was 
added that the right to nullify a law rested on the 
same principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy ! 
This character which was given to it, made you 
receive with too much confidence the assertions that 
were made of the unconstitutionality of the law and 
its oppressive effects. Mark, my fellow-citizens, that 
by the admission of your leaders the unconstitution 
ality must h^ palpable^ or it will justify either resist- 
ance or nullification ! What is the meaning of the 



258 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

•word palpable in the sense in which it is here used \ 
— that which is apparent to every one, that which no 
man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is 
the nnconstitutionality of these laws of that descrip- 
tion ? Let those among yonr leaders who once 
approved and advocated the principles of protective 
duties, answer the question ; and let them choose 
whether they will be considered as incapable, then, 
of perceiving that which must have been apparent to 
every man of common understanding, or as imposing 
upon our confidence and endeavoring to mislead you 
now. In either case, they are unsafe guides in the 
perilous path they urge you to tread. Ponder well 
on this circumstance, and you will know how to 
appreciate the exaggerated language they address 
to you. They are not champions of liberty emulat- 
ing the fame of our Kevolutionary fathers, nor are 
you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat 
to you, against worse than colonial vassalage. You 
are free members of a flourishing and happy Union. 
There is no settled design to oppress you. You 
have, indeed, felt the unequal operation of laws 
which may have been unwisely, not unconstitution- 
ally passed ; but that inequality must necessarily be 
removed. At the very moment when you were 
madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have 
begun, a change in public opinion has commenced. 



259 



The nearly approaching payment of the public debtj 
and the consequent necessity of a diminution of 
duties, liad already caused a considerable reduction, 
and that, too, on some articles of general consump- 
tion in your State. The importance of this change 
was underrated, and you were authoritatively told 
that no further alleviation of your burdens was to be 
expected, at the very time when the condition of the 
country imperiously demanded such a modification 
of the duties as sliould reduce them to a just and 
equitable scale. But, as apprehensive of the effect 
of this change in allaying your discontents, you were 
precipitated into a fearful state in which you now 
find yourselves. 

I have urged you to look back to the means that 
were used to hurry you on to the position you have 
now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will 
produce. Something more is necessary. Contem- 
plate the condition of that country of which you still 
form an important part ; consider its government 
uniting in one bond of common interest and general 
protection so many different States — giving to all 
their inhabitants the proud title of American citi- 
zens — protecting their commerce — securing their 
literature and arts — facilitating their intercommuni- 
cation — defending their frontiers — and making their 
name respected in the remotest parts of the earth 1 



260 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and 
happy population, its advance in arts, which render 
life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the 
mind! See education spreading the lights of 
religion, morality, and general information into every 
cottage in this wide extent of our Territories and 
States ! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched 
and the oppressed find a refuge and support ! Look 
on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, we, 
700, AEE CITIZENS OF America — Carolina is one of 
these proud States her arms have defended — her best 
blood has cemented this happy Union ! And then 
add, if you can, without horror and remorse, this 
happy Union we will dissolve — this picture of peace 
and prosperity we will deface — this free intercourse 
we will interrupt — these fertile fields we will deluge 
with blood — the protection of that glorious flag we 
renounce — the very name of Americans we discard. 
And for what, mistaken men ! For what do you throw 
away these inestimable blessings — for what would you 
exchange your share in the advantages and honor 
of the Union ? For the dream of a separate inde- 
pendence — a dream interrupted by bloody conflicts 
w^ith your neighbors, and a vile dependence on a for- 
eign power. If your leaders could succeed in estab- 
lishing a separation, what would be your situation? 
Are you united at home — are you free from the 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 261 



apprehension of civil discord, witli all its fearful con- 
sequences ? Do our neighboring republics, every 
day suffering some new revolution or contending 
with some new insurrection — do they excite your 
envy? But the dictates of a high duty oblige me 
solemnly to announce that you can not succeed. 
The laws of the United States must be executed. I 
have no discretionary power on the subject— my 
duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution. 
Those who told you that you might peaceably 
prevent their execution, deceived you — they could 
not have been deceived themselves. They know 
that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the 
execution of the laws, and they know that such 
opposition must be repelled. Their object is dis- 
union ; but be not deceived by names ; disunion, by 
armed force, is treason. Are you really ready to 
incur this guilt? If you are, on the head of the 
instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences — 
on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall 
the punishment — on your unhappy State will inev- 
itably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon 
the government of your country. It cannot accede 
to the mad project of disunion of which you would 
be the first victims- — its first magistrate can not, if he 
would, avoid the performance of his duty — the con- 
sequence must be feaiful for you, distressing to your 



262 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good gov- 
ernment throughout the world. Its enemies have 
beheld our prosperity with a vexation they could not 
conceal — it was a standing refutation of their slavish 
doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the 
triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your power 
to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that 
the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumpters, the 
Rutledges, and of the thousand other names which 
adorn the pages of your revolutionary history, will 
not abandon that Union to support which so many 
of them fought and bled and died. I adjure you, as 
you honor their memory — as you love the cause of 
freedom, to which they dedicated their lives — as you 
prizo the peace of your country, the lives of its best 
citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your 
steps. Snatch from the archives of your State the 
disorganizing edict of its convention — bid its mem- 
bers to re-assemble and promulgate the decided 
expressions of your will to remain in the path which 
alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and 
honor— tell them that compared to disunion, all 
other evils are light, because that brings with it an 
accumulation of all — declare that you will never take 
the field unless the star-spangled banner of your 
country shall float over vou — that you will not be 
stigmatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned 



263 



while jou live, as the authors of the first attack on 
the Constitution of jour country ! — its destroyers you 
can not be. You may disturb its peace — you may 
interrupt tlie course of its prosperity — you may 
cloud its reputation for stability — ^but its tranquillity 
will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the 
stain upon its national character will be transferred 
and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those 
who caused the disorder. 

Fellow-citizens of the United States ! the threat of 
unhallowed disunion — the names of those, once re- 
spected, by whom it is uttered — the array of military 
force to support it — denote the approach of a crisis in 
our affairs on which the continuance of our unexam- 
pled prosperity, our political existence, and perhaps 
that of all free governments, may depend. The con- 
jecture demanded a free, a full, and explicit enuncia- 
tion, not only of my intentions, but of my principles 
of action ; and as the claim was asserted of a right by 
a State to annul the laws of the Union, and even to 
secede from it at pleasure, a frank exposition of my 
opinions in relation to the origin and form of our 
government, and the construction I give to the 
instrument by which it was created, seemed to be 
proper. Having the fullest confidence in the just- 
ness of the legal and constitutional opinion of my 
duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal 



264 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

confidence on jomt undivided support in mj deter- 
mination to execute the laws — to preserve the Union 
hj all constitutional means — to arrest, if possible, bj 
moderate but firm measures, the necessity of a 
recourse to force ; and, if it be the will of Heayen 
that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for 
the shedding of a brother's blood should fall upon 
our land, that it be not called down bj any offensive 
act on the part of the United States. 

Fellow-citizens ! the momentous case is before 
you. On your undivided support of your govern- 
ment depends the decision of the great question it 
involves, whether your sacred Union will be pre- 
served, and the blessing it secures to us as one people 
shall be perpetuated. Xo one can doubt that the 
unanimity with which that decision will be expressed, 
will be such as to inspire new confidence in republi- 
can institutions, and that the prudence, the wisdom, 
and the courage which it will bring to their defense, 
will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to 
our children. 

May the Great Ruler of nations grant that the 
signal blessings with which He has favored ours may 
not, by the madness of party, or personal ambition, 
be disregarded and lost, and may His wise provi- 
dence bring thop.e who have produced this crisis to 
Bee the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 265 

strife, ar.d inspire a returning veneration for that 
Union which, if we may dare to penetrate His 
designs. He has chosen, as the only means of attain- 
ing the high destinies to which we may reasonably 
aspire. 

In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of 
the United States to be hereunto affixed, having 
signed the same with my hand. 
Done at the City of Washington, this 10th day of 
December, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
eight hundred and thirty-two, and of the inde- 
pendence of the United States the fifty-seventh. 

Andeew Jacksoh. 
By the President. 
Edw. Iivingsoe, Secreta/ry of State, 



266 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



MONROE DOOTEINE. 

EXTEAOT FROM PRESIDENT MONROE's ANNUAL MESSAGE, WA8U- 
INGTON, DEO. 2, 1823. 

The citizens of the United States cherish senti- 
ments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and 
happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the 
Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers, in 
matters relating to themselves, we have never taken 
any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to 
do. It is only when our rights are invaded, or seri- 
ously menaced, that we resent injuries or make prep 
arations for our defence. With the movements in 
this hemisphere, we are, of necessity, more immedi- 
ately connected, and by causes which must be 
obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. 
The political system of the allied powers is essen- 
tially difterent, in this respect, from that of America. 
This difference proceeds from that which exists in 
their respective Governments. And to the defence 
of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of 
so much blo?d and treasure, and matured by the 
wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under 



MONBOB DOCTRINE. 267 

which we have enjoyed unexampled felicitj, this 
whole natioij is devoted. 

We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amic- 
able relations existing between the United States and 
those powers, to declare, that we should consider 
any attempt on their part to extend their system to 
any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our 
peace and safety. 

With the existing colonies or dependencies of any 
European power, we have not interfered, and shall 
not interfere. But, with the Governments who 
have declared their independence, and maintained 
it, and whose independence we have, on great con- 
sideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we 
could not view any interposition for the purpose of 
oppressing them, or controlling, in any other man- 
ner, their destiny, by any European power, in any 
other light than as the manifestation of an un- 
friendly disposition towards the United States. 

In the war between those new Governments and 
Spain, we declared our neutrality at the time of 
their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and 
shall continue to adliere, provided no change shall 
occur, which, in the judgment of the competent au- 
thorities of this Government, shall make a corres- 
ponding change on the part of the United States, 
indispensable to their security. 



268 NATIONAT. HAND-BOOK. 



NEUTKALITT LAW OF THE UNITED STATES, 

AS AMBNDBD AND APPROVED BY 0ONGBE6S, JULY 26, 1866. 

A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral rela- 
tions of the United States. 

Be it enacted^ c&c, That if any citizen of the 
United States shall, within the territory or jurisdic- 
tion thereof, accept and exercise a commission to 
serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or peo- 
ple in war by land or by sea against any prince, 
State, colony, district or people with whom the 
United States are at peace, the person so offending 
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall 
on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not 
exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not exceeding 
two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in 
which such offender may be convicted. 

Sec 2. And he it further enacted^ That if any 



NEUTRALITY LAW. 269 

pereon shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of 
tlie United States enlist, or enter himself, or hire or 
retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to 
go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United 
States, with intent to be enlisted or entered into the 
service of any foreign prince. State, colony, district 
or people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on 
board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or priva- 
teer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty 
of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction therefor 
be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and im- 
prisonment not exceeding two years, or either of 
them, at the discretion of the Court, in case such 
offender shall be convicted; provided that this act 
shall not be construed to extend to any subject or 
citizen of any foreign prince. State, colony, district 
or people, who shall transiently be within the United 
States, and shall be on board of any vessel of war, 
letter-of-marque or privateer, which, at the time of 
its arrival within the United States, was fitted and 
equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, and hire or 
retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign 
prince, State, colony, district or people, who is tran- 
siently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself 
to serve such foreign prince, State, colony, district or 
people, on board such vessel of war, letter-of-maique 
or privateer, if the United States shall then be at 



270 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district 
or people. 

Sec. 3. And he it further enacted^ That if any 
person shall within the limits of the United States fit 
out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm, or pro- 
cure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly 
be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arm- 
ing of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship 
or vessel shall be employed in the service of any for- 
eign prince, State, colony, district or people, to cruise 
or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or 
property of any foreign prince. State, or any colony, 
district or people with whom the United States are 
at peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within 
the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for 
any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be em- 
ployed as aforesaid, or shall have on board any per- 
son or persons who shall have been enlisted, or shall 
have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing 
from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent 
to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions 
of this act, every person so offending shall be deemed 
guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction 
thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000, 
and imprisonment not exceeding three years, or 
either of them, at the discretion of the Court in 
which such offender shall be convicted ; and every 



NEUTRALITY LAW. 271 

Buch ship and \essel, with her tackle, apparel and 
furniture, together with all materials, arms, ammu- 
nition and stores which may have been procured for 
the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited 
to the United States of America. 

Sec. 4. And he it further enacted^ That it shall 
be lawful for any Collector of the Customs who is by 
law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture 
incurred under any of the laws of Customs, to seize 
such ships and vessels in such places and in such 
manner in which the officers of the Customs are em- 
powered to make seizures under the law for the col- 
lection and protection of the revenue, and that every 
such ship and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and 
furture, together with all the materials, arms, ammu- 
nition and stores which may belong to or be on board 
such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned 
for the violation of the provisions of this act in like 
manner as ships or vessels may be prosecuted and 
condemned for any breach of the laws made for the 
collection and protection of the revenue. 

Sec. 5. And he it further enacted^ That if any 
person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the 
United States, increase or augment, or procure to be 
increased or augmented, or shall knowingly be con- 
cerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any 
ship of war, or cruiser, or other armed vessel, which 



272 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

at the time of her arrival within the United States 
was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the 
service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district 
or people, or belonged to the subjects or citizens of 
any such prince. State, colony, district or people, the 
same being at war with any foreign prince, State, 
colony, district or people with whom the United 
States are at peace, by adding to the number of guns 
of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her 
for guns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of 
any equipment solely applicable to war, or shall 
have on board any person or persons who shall have 
enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who shall 
be departing from the jurisdiction of the United 
States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention 
of the provisions of this act ; every person so offend- 
ing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or 
imprisonment, or eitlier of them, at the discretion of 
the court in which snch offender shall be convicted. 

Sec. 6. And he it further enacted^ That the Dis- 
trict Courts shall take cognizance of all complaints, 
informations, indictments, or other prosecutions, by 
whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made 
within the waters of the United States or within a 
marine league of the coasts or shores thereof. 

Sec. 7. And he it further enacted, That in every 



NBUTBALITY LAW. 273 

case In which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed, 
or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or 
other armed vessel shall be increased or augmented, 
in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within 
the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as 
before defined, and in every case in which any pro- 
cess issuing out of any court of the United States 
shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or per- 
sons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser 
or other armed vessel of any prince or State, or of 
any colony, district or people, or of any subjects or 
citizens of any foreign prince. State, or of any colony, 
district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful 
for the President of the United States, or such other 
person as he shall have empowered for that purpose 
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of 
the United States or of the militia thereof, for the 
purpose of taking of and detaining any such ship or 
vessel with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to 
the execution of the prohibition or penalties of this 
act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the 
cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged. 
Sec. 8. And he it futhev enacted^ That it shall 
be lawful for the President of the United States, or 
such person as he shall empower for that purpose, 
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of 

the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall 
18 



274 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to 
depart the United States in all cases in which, by 
the laws of nations or the treaties of the United 
States they ought not to remain within the United 
States. 

Sec. 9. And he it further enacted^ That offences 
made punishable by the provisions of this act, com- 
mitted by citizens of the United States, beyond the 
jurisdiction of the United States, may be prosecuted 
and tried before any court having jurisdiction of the 
offences prohibited by this act. 

Sec. 10. And le it further enacted, That noth- 
ing in this act shall be so construed as to prohibit 
citizens of the United States from selling vessels, 
ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or 
materials or munitions of war, the growth or product 
of the same, to inhabitants of other countries, or to 
Governments not at war with the United States : 
provided that the operation of this section of this act 
shall be suspended by the President of the United 
States with regard to any classes of purchases, when- 
ever the United States shall be engaged in war, or 
whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with 
any foreign nation may in his judgment require it. 

Sec. 11. And he it further enacted, That noth- 
ing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent 
fclie prosecution or punishment of treason, or any 



NETJTEALITT LAW. 275 

piracy or other felony defined by the laws of the 

United States. 

Sec. 12. And he it further enacted^ That all acts 
and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of 
this act or inflicting any further or other penalty or 
forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. T^ ^ 
acts forbi iden herein are hereby repealed . 



276 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 




OUR NATIONAL DOMAIN. 



HOW ACQUIRED. 

The United States of America is a union of inde- 
pendent States, and at this Aviiting (1876) consists 
of thirty-eight States and eleven organized Terri- 
tories, under the control of the General Govern- 
ment, and covers an area of 3,678,392 square miles, 
and extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, 
a distance of about 3,000 miles, and from the Gulf of 
Mexico to the great lakes, a distance of over 1,000 
miles. 

The Confederation. The original thirteen States, 
prior to 1783, claimed for their western boundary the 
Mississippi River, and some even as far west as the 
Pacific. These States, one after another, ceded to 
the United States all the territory west of tlieir pre- 
sent limits. 

By treaty with Great Britain, September 3, 1783 
(at the close of the Revolutionary War), the territory 
of the United States was declared to extend from the 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 277 

Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west, 
and from the great lakes to the southern border of 
Georgia, and comprised 815,615 square miles. 

The Province of Louisiana, acquired by purchase 
from France, April 30, 1803, for $15,000,000, includes 
all the territory west of the Mississippi River, except 
the present States and Territories of Oregon, Texas, 
California, Arizona, and Alaska, comprising 930,928 
square miles. 

Florida, ceded by Spain, February 22, 1819, for 
the consideration of |5,000,000, included the State of 
Florida and southern portions of Alabama and Mis- 
sissippi, and comprised 59,268 square miles. 

Texas, an independent republic of Mexico, was 
admitted December 29, 1845, and gave rise to the 
Mexican War. Comprised 237,504 square miles. 

Oregon, acquired by treaty with Great Britain, in 
April, 1846, comprised 280,420 square miles. 

California and Nevada, ceded by Mexico at the 
close of the Mexican War, February 2, 1848, com- 
prised 649,762 square miles. 

Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico, acquired by 
treaty with Mexico, December 30, 1853, comprised 
127,500 square miles. 

Alaska, by purchase from Russia, May 28, 1867, 
for 17,200,000. Comprised 577,390 square miles. 

The growth of our Republic, its increase in wealth, 
commerce, manufactures, and arts, has no parallel 
among the nations of the world. What may be ac- 
complished in the 100 years to come we are unable to 
predicate. Patrick Henry said : " We are to judge 
of the future by the past." With the record of a cen- 
tury before us, and Mexico, the Canadas, Cuba, and 
the islands of the sea knocking for admission, who 
can estimate the prospective power, grandness, and 
extent of the United States of America at its second 
centennial anniversary ? 



UNITED STATES CENSUS FOE 1870; 

With the Population of each Decade for Half a Century. 

STATES. 1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. 1830. 1820. 

New York.. 4,370,846 .3,880,735 3,007.394 2.428,921 1,918,603 1,372,111 

Pennsylva.. 3.511,543 2,900 215 2,311780 1724,0.33 1348,233 1,047,507 

Ohio 2,652,302 2,339 511 1,980 3 9 1,519 467 937,903 581295 

Illinois 2,529 4 1,711951 85i 47.) 476,183 157,445 55,161 

Missouri... 1,691.693 1,182 012 682 044 383.702 140,455 66 557 

Indiana.... 1.655 675 l,35n,428 988.410 685 866 34.3,031 147.178 

Mas.-achus. 1,457 351 l,231,i 66 994.514 737,699 610,408 523.159 

Kentucky.. 1,320,407 1,155,684 982,105 779,828 687,917 564 135 

Tennessee.. 1,225 937 1,109 801 1002 717 829 210 681904 422,761 

Virginia... 1,211442 1,596 318 1,421661 1,239,797 1,211,405 1,065 129 

Michigan... 1,184,653 749 113 397 654 212,267 31,639 8 765 

Iowa 1181,359 674,913 192214 43,112 

Georgia.... 1,174,832 1,057 286 906185 691,392 516,823 340,983 

Wisconsin. 1055 501 775 881 305 391 30,945 

N.Carolina 1,(>16 954 992 622 869,039 7.53 419 737,987 638,829 

Alabama... 998 175 964.201 771623 590,756 309,527 127,901 

N.Jersey.. 903 044 672 ' .35 489.555 373,306 320,823 277,426 

Mississippi 842,056 791,305 6 526 375.651 136,621 75,448 

Texas 7!)5.50a 004 215 212.592 

Maryland.. 790,()95 687.049 .583 034 470,019 447 040 407,-350 

Louisiana.. 734,420 70S 002 517,762 342 411 215 739 152.923 

S.Carolina. 705,789 703,708 668.507 .594,398 581,185 5' 2,741 

Maine 62^,719 62^279 583.169 501,793 399,455' 298,269 

California.. 549,808 379 994 92,.597 

Connecticut .537,417 46'>,147 370 792 309.978 297,675 25,102 

Arkansas... 473 174 4.')5,45 » 209,897 97,574 30,388 14.2.55 

WestVa.... 441.094 

Minnesota.. 424 543 172 023 6,077 .' 

Kansas 379,497 107.206 .. .; .,,. 

Vermont... 3.30 582 315,098 314,120 291,848 280,652 235 749 

N. Hamps'e 317,710 326 073 317,976 284,574 269,328 244,022 

Rhode Isrd 217 356 174 620 147,545 108,830 97,199 83,015 

Florida .... 189,995 140.424 87,445 54,477 34,7-30 

Delaware... 125,015 112,216 91,-532 78,085 76,748 72,749 

Nebraska . . 116,888 28,841 

Oregon 90,878 -52,465 13,21)4 

Nevada ... 42,456 6 857 

Dis. Colum. 131,7-6 7-^0,80 51,687 43,712 -39,834 33.039 

Territories. 288,161 184,497 72,927 



Total Union. 38,538,180 31,443,-321 23191,876 17,069,453 12,806 020 9 638,191 
TERRITORIES. 

New Mexico 86,122 Washington, 23,925 Dakota, 14,181 

Utah,. 70,000 Montana 20,594 Arizona, 9,658 

Colorado, 39.681 Idaho 14,883 Wyoming, 9,118 



CENSUS OF 1870. 



PopuLATit. OF 100 Large Cities of the United States. 



OFFICIAL— Frorr* ihe Advance Sheets of the Census Bureau, at Washington, D. C. 



New York, N. Y 942,946 

Philadelphia, Pa 674,t'22 

Brooklyn, N. Y 39f),300 

St. Louis. Mo 312.963 

Chicago, 111 298,983 

Baltimore, Md 267 354 

Boston, Mass 25 ',526 

Cincinnati. O 216.239 

New Orleans, La 191,322 

San Francisco, Cal 149.482 

Buffalo, N.Y 117,715 

Washington, D. C 109.204 

Newark, .N. J 105.078 

Louisville, Ky 100,754 

Cleveland, O 92,846 

Pittsburg, I'a 86,235 

Jersey City, N. J 81.744 

Del roit, Mich 79,580 

Milwaukee, Wis 71,499 

Albany, N.Y 69,422 

Providence. R.I 68,906 

Rochester, N. Y 62.385 

Alleghany City, Pa. . . . 63,181 

Richmond, Va 51,038 

New Haven, Conn 50.840 

Charleston, S. C 48,9 6 

Troy, N.Y 46,471 

Syracuse, N.Y 43,051 

Worcester, Mass 41,105 

Lowell, Mass 40,928 

Memphis, Tcnu 40,226 

Cambridge, Mass -39,634 

Hartfor t. ,' Conn 37,180 

Indianapolis, Ind 41,600 

Scranton, Pa 35,093 

Reading Pa 33,932 

ColumlDUS, O 33,745 

Patterson, N.J 33,582 

Dayton. 32,579 

Kansas City, Mo 32,2i)0 

Mobile, Ala! 32.084 

Portland, Me 31,414 

Wilmington, Del 30,841 

Lawrence, Mass 28 921 

Utica,N. Y 28,804 

Toledo. O 28,546 

, Charlestown, Mass 1.3 3:3 

Savannah, Ga 23,235 

Lynn. Mass 23,233 

Fall River, Mass 26,786 



51. Springfield, Mass 26,703 

52. Nashville, Tenn 25,872 

53. Peoria, 111 25,787 

54. Covington, Ky 24,505 

55. Salem, Mass 24.117 

56. Quincy,Ill 24.053 

57. Manchester, N. H 23,5.36 

58. Harrisburg, Pa 23,109 

59. Trenton, N. J 22,874 

60. Evansville, Ind 22,830 

61. New Bedford, Mass 21,320 

62. Oswego, N.Y 20 910 

63. Elizabeth, N. J 20,838 

64. Lancaster, Pa 20,2.33 

65. Po'keepsie, N. Y 20,080 

66. Camden, N.J 1^0,045 

67. Davenport. Iowa 20,042 

68. St. Paul, Minn 20,031 

69. Wheeling, W. Va 19,282 

70. Norfolk, Va 19.256 

71 . Taunton, Mass 18,629 

72. Chelsea, Mass 18,547 

73. Dubuque, Iowa 18 4(J1 

74. Bangor, Me 18,259 

75. Petersburg, Va 18,266 

76. Leavenworth, Kan 17,849 

77. Fort Wayne, Ind 17.718 

78. Springfield, 111 17,365 

79. Newburgh, N. Y i 7,014 

80. Atlanta, Ga., 16,986 

81. Norwicli, Conn 16,653 

82. Sacramento. Cal 16.484 

83. Omaha, N eb 16,083 

84. Lockport, N.Y 15,458 

85. Augusta,. Ga 1 5.-389 

86. Glouce^-ter, Mass 15,387 

87. New Brunswick, N.J... 15,0.59 

88. New Albany, Ind 14,273 

89. Galveston, Tex 13,818 

90. Newburyport. Mass 13,595 

91. Alexandria, Va 13,570 

92. Wilmington, N. C 13,446 

93. Bridgeport, Conn 13,299 

94. Newport, R. 1 12.521 

95. Little Rock, Ark 12 3S0 

96. Zanesville, 12.378 

97. Concord, N. II 12.241 

i;0. Des Moines, Iowa 12 C35 

Ci), Waterbury , Conn J0,836 

100. Raleigh, N, C 10,149 



280 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



HISTORY OF EACH STATE 

COMPRISING THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

In the order of their admission into the Union. 



DELAWARE 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Dec. 7, 178T. 

Area, 2,112 sq. miles. 

Capital, Dover. 
:Pop. 1870, 125,015. 
'':^!WEHCt^^^^^ gQ named after 

Lord de la Warr, Governor of Va., and popularly known as the 
Diamond Slate. First settled by Swedes and Fins at Cape Hen- 
lopeii in 1(327. Embraced in the Charter of Pennsylvania until 
the adoption of a Constitution September 20, 1776. 




PENNSYLVANIA 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Dec. 12, 1787. 

Area, 4G,000 sq. miles. 
Capital, Harris- 

BTTHG. 

Pop. 1870, :i521, 951. 
So named after William Penn in 1681 . and i)opularly known 
as the KeyMone State. First settled by AVm. Penn on the Dela- 
ware River in 1682 ; chartered Feb. 28, 1681 ; formed a Consti- 
tution Sept. 28, 1776. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



281 




V 



NEW JERSEY 

RATIFIED THE CON- . /J\ 

STITUTION 

Dec. 18, 1787. 

Area, 8,320 sq. miles. 

Capital, Trentox. 

Pop. 1870,906,096. 

So named from the Island of Jersey on the coast of France. 
First settled by the Dutch at Bergen in 1620 ; under the same 
grants as New York ; separated into East and AVest Jersey 
March 3, 1677 ; formed a Constitution July 2, 1776. 

GEORGIA 

RATIFIED THE CON- ^^_r^ ==- /^^^ ^^z^ 

STITUTION 

Jan. 2, 1788. ^ 

Area, 58,000 sq. miles. 

Capital, Atlanta. -^^^^^"" 
Pop. 1870, 1,184,109. -l>^ 

So named in honor of King George II. First settled by 
Oglethrope at Savannah in 1733. Chartered June 9, 1732 ; 
adopted a Constitution Feb. 5, 1777. 

CONNECTICUT 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Jan. 9, 1788. _ ^_ 

Area, 4,674 sq. miles. 
Capital, Hartford. 'Si* 
Pop. 1870, 536,454 

So called from the Indian name of its j^rincipal river, and 
popularly known as the Nutmeg or Free Stone State. First 
settled by Puritans at Windsor in 1635. Formerly embraced 
under the Charter of Mass. 



'^.^'M ^ 





282 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 




MASSACHUSETTS 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Feb. 6, 1788. 

Area, 7,800 sq. miles. 

Capital, Boston 
Pop. 1870, 1,457,351. 
So called from a tribe of Indians, and is popularly known as 
the Baij State. Fii'st settled by English Puritans from Hol- 
land at Plymouth Dec. 22, 1620. 

MARYLAND 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

April 28, 1788. 

Area, 11,184 sq. miles. 
Capital, Anxapolis. 

Pop. i<s70. 780,894. 

So named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria. Pirst set- 
tled by Roman Catholics at St. Mary in 1634. Chartered June 
20, 1632 ; formed a Constitution Aug. 14, 1776. 




SOUTH CAROLINA 




/^^ 



RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

May, 23, 1788. 

Area, 29,385 sq. miles. 
Capital, Columbia. 



So named in honor 
of King Charles IX. of France, and popularly known as The 
Palmeto State. Embraced in the charter of North Carolina, 
from which it was separated in 1729 ; adopted a Constitution 
March 26, 1776. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



283 




NEW HAMPSHIRE 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

June 21, 1788. 

Area, 9,280 sq- niile^.^ 

Capital, Concord. ^ 

Pop. 1870, 318,300. 

So named from Hampshire in England and popularly known 
as the Granite State. First settled by Puritans at Dover and 
Portsmouth in 1623; formerly embraced in the charter of 

Mass. ^^-w-r-r * 

VIRGINIA 

RATIFIED THE CONSTI- 
TUTION 

June 26,1788.. 

Area, 40,904 sq. miles. 

Capital, Richmond. 

Pop. 1870, 1,225,163. 

So named in honor of ->^-,_ ^ 

Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of England, and popularly known 
as The Old Dominion, or Mother of States. First settled by the 
English at Jamestown in 1607. Chartered April 10, 1606. 
Formed a Constitution July 5, 1778. 

NEW YORK 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

July 26, 1788. _„__,^ 

Area, 47,000 sq. m\\Q%.^( jjif ' 
Capital, Albany. Z^^^^ ' 
Pop. 1870, 4,382,759. JB-^^»^?^^^157 

So named in honor of the Duke of York, and popularly knov/n 
as the Emjnre or Excelsior State. First settled by the Dutch on 
Manhattan Island in 1614. Granted to the Duke of York, March 
20, 1664. 





284 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



NORTH CAROLINA 




k^ 



RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Nov. 21, 1789. 

Area, 50,704 sq, miles. 

Capital, Raleigh. 
Pop. 1870, 1,071,361- 



So named in honoi of King Chailes IX. of France, and pop- 
ularly known as the Old North or Turjyentine State. First set- 
tled by the English at Albemarle in 1650. Chartered March 
20, 1663. Adopted a Constitution December 18, 1776. 



RHODE ISLAND 







RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

May 29,1790. 

Area, 1,800 sq. miles. 

Capitals, Proyidknce 
and Newport. 



Pop. 1870,217,353 

It derives its name from the Island of Rhodes in the Med- 
iterranean, and is popularly known as LiUlc lllwda. First set- 
tled by Roger Williams at Providence in 1636. Jhartered by 
Parliament in 1644. 

VERMONT 

'. AIITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

March4, 179L 

rea, 10,212 ?q. miles. 
Capital, MoxTPELiER. 

.^p. 1870,330,551. 
So named from 
the French vert mont, the Green Mountains, and popularly known 
as the Gree7i Mountain State. First settled at Fort Dummer in 
1764. Formed from territory belonging to New York. 




OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



285 



KENTUCKY 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

June 1, 1792. 

Area, 37,000 sq. niile&. 
Capital, Frankfort 

Pop. 1870, 1,320,011.: 
So called fioin its 
principal river, and populaily known as the State of the Dark 
and Bloody Grouml First settled near Lexington, in 1775. 
Formed from territory belonging to Virginia. 




TENNESSEE 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

June 1, 1796. 

Area, 45,600 sq. miles -^ 
Capital, Xashville. 
Pop. 1870, 1,250,520. :^ 

So named after its 
principal river, and popularly known as the Big-Band State. 
Formed from territory belonging to North Carolina in 1790. 
Constitution adopted February 6, 1796. 




INDIANA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Dec. 11, 1816. 

Area, 33,809 sq. miles. 
Capital, Indianapolis. 

Pop.1870, 1,680,637^.. 

So named from the 
American Indians, and popularly known as The Hoosier State. 
First settled at Vincennes in 1780. Formed from North-West 
territory. Constitutution adopted June 29, 1816. 




2S6 



NATIONAL HAND-ROOK 

OHIO 




ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNIOX 

Nov. 29, 1802. 

^. Area, 39,964 sq. miles. 
fl Capital, Columbus. 
Pop.1870, 2,665,260. 
So called from its 
principal river, and popularly known as the Buckeye State. 
First settled at Marietta in 1788. Formed from North- West 
territoiy. Constitution adopted November 1, 1802. 

LOUISIANA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 

jOSTiCf '*:} p^V'"i ^?,llf; }> UNION APRIL "^ 




1812. 
Cnpital, New Orleans. 
' Area, 41,346 sq. miles. 

"^"^^ Pop. 1870, 726,915. 
So named in honor of Louis XIV. and popularly known as 
The Creole State. First settled at Iberville in 1699 ; formed 
from French territory. Constitution adopted in January 22, 
1812. 

MISSOURI 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION AUG. 10, 

^^^ 1821. 

>;^Area, 65,350 sq. miles. 

~-^^i Capital, 

^^- Jefferson City. 
^,;^,^;;-cccxA^^^^ --^ p^p_ 1870, 1,721,295. 

So named from its principal river, the name signifying 
Muddy water. Formed from French territory; first settled in 
1764, at St. Louis. Constitution adopted July 19, 1820. 



0%.1'W^^: 



,^ 







OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



287 



MICHIGAN 




ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION JAN. 26, 

1837. 

Area, 56,451 sq. miles. 

Capital, Lansing. 



Pop. 1870, 1,184,059. "' " -"^-- '" 

So named from Lake Michigan, an Indian term, meaning 
a river for fish, and popularly known as The Wolverine State. 
Formed from the northwestern territory. First settled in 
1650, on the Detroit river. Constitution adopted January 25, 
1833. 

ILLINOIS 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION DEC. 3, 

Area, 55,410 sq. miles. ^-^.^Hts 

Capital, Springfield. ^^^.^^ 

Pop. 1870, 2,539,891. 

So named from its principal river, the name meaning the 
river of men, and popularly known as The Such r or Prairie 
State. Formed from Northwest Territory ; first settled at Kas- 
kaskia in 1720. Constitution adopted Aug. 26, 1818. 

MISSISSIPPI _^ 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION DEC. 10, 



ML 





^/:;i^?%-- 



1817. 
Area, 47,156 sq. miles. P J 

Capital, Jackson. -^;^,,^^ 
Pop. 1870, 827,922. 

So named from its Western boundary, and ]iopularly known 
as The Bayou State. First settled at Natchez in 1716 ; formed 
from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. Constitution 
adopted March 1, 1817. 



28S 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



ALABAMA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
^^l-^s^.^ UNION DEC. 14, 

?• 1819. 

Area, 50,722 sq. miles. 

- Capital, Montgomery. 

^'^ Pop. 1870, 996,092. 
So named after its principal river, the name signifying here 
toe rest. Formed from teri'itory of South Carolina and Georgia, 
and was formerly known as the Territory of Mississippi. Con- 
stitution adopted August 2, 1819. 





MAINE 

:^M^ /7 ADMITTED INTO THE 

"^iS> -v^t. ^\ 4 4 UNION MARCH 15, 

iy'-ti^:^ jUfli 1820. 

"^^ Area, 81,776 sq. miles. 
Capital, Augusta. 
Pop. 1870,626,915. 
So named from Maine in France, and is popularly known as 
The Lumber or Pitie Tree State. Foi-med from territory of 
Massachusetts; first settled in 1623, at York. Constitution 
adopted Oct. 29, 1819. 

ARKANSAS 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION JUNE 15, 

1836. 
Area, 62,198 sq. miles. 
Capital, Little Rock. 

Pop. 1870, 484,471. 
So named from its principal river, and popularly known as 
The Bear State. Formed from French territory. Constitution 
adopted March 1, 1836. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



289 



WISCONSIN 



ADMITTED INTO TEE 
UNION MAY 29, 

1848. 



Area, 53,924 sq. miles. ^ -s^x^u ,■ 
Capital, Madison. ^V^-S^^ 





Pop. 1870, 1,054,670. ^ 

So called from the Indian name of its principal river, signi- 
fying ivild rushing river. Formed from territory ceded by Vir- 
ginia to the United States. First settled at Green Bay, in 1670. 
Constitution adopted Jan. 21, 1847. 

IOWA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

March 3, 1845. 

Area, 55,045 sq. miles. 

Capital, Des Moines. 

Pop. 1870, 194,020 

So called fi-om the 
Indian name of its principal river, signifying the sleepy ones, 
and popularly known as The Hawkey e State. Formed from In- 
dian territory. First settled at Burlington and Dubuque in 
1830. Constitution adopted December 9, 1844. 

FLORIDA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

March 3, 1845. 

Area, 59,268 sq. miles. 
Capital, Tallahassee 

Pop. 1870,187,748. 
So named because 
discovered on Palm Sunday — Pascita Florida. First settled by 
Spaniards at St. Augustine in 1565. Secured by treaty and 
purchased from Spain in 1819. Constitution adopted Feb. 20, 
X839. ^3 




290 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



TEXAS 




ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

^ Dec. 29, 1845. 

/ ;t/^ Area, 237,504 sq. miles. 
Capital, Austin. 



/_r^:t^.,^r^>f^/. Poi3. 1870, 818,579. 

So called from the 
Spanish name of the Republic, and popularly known as The Lone 
Star State. First settled in 1792. Formerly an Independent 
Republic of Mexico. Secured by conquest and treaty February 
2, 1848. 

CALIFORNIA 




ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Sept. 9, 1850. 

Area, 188,981 sq. miles. 
Capital, Sacramento 
Pop. 1870, 560,247. 
So called from the 
Spanish name of an arm of the Pacific Ocean, and popularly 
known as The Golden State. Formed from Mexican territory. 
First settled on the Pacific Slope by the Spaniards in 1769. 
Constitution adopted Nov. 13, 1849. 

MINNESOTA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

\t-^- T:if^ May 11, 1858. 

Area, 83,531 sq. miles. 
Capital, St. Paul. 
Pop. 1870, 439,706. 
So called from an 
Indian word signifying the lohithh water . Formed from Louisiana 
territory. First settled in 1812, on the Red River. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS 



291 



OREGON 



ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Feb. 12, 1859. 

Area, 95,244 sq. miles. 

Capital, Salem. 
Pop. 1870, 90,923. ■ 
So called from the 
Indian name of its principal river, a term meaning river of the 
loest. Formed from territory acquired by treaty with Great 
Britain in 1846. First settled by Spaniards. Constitution 
adopted November, 1857. 




KANSAS 



ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Dec. 6, 1859. 

Area, 81,318 sq. miles. 

Capital, ToPEKA. 
Pop. 1870, 364,399. : 
So called after an 
Indian name signifying The Smoky Water. Foi-med from In- 
dian territory and formerly embraced in the Louisiana pur- 
chase. 




WEST VIRGINIA 



ADMITTED INTO THE ^^_ 



UNION 

Dec. 31, 1862. 

Aren, 23.000 sq. miles. 
Capital, Charleston. 
Pop. 1870, 442,014 




So called after Virginia. Formed a part of Virginia until 
the latter seceded from the Union. 



292 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

NEBRASKA 

ADMITTED INTO THE UNION 

March 1, 1867. 

Area, 75,995 square miles. 

Capital, Lincoln. 

Pop. 1870, 122,993. 

So called from an Indian word signifying Water- Valley, 
Shallow River. Organized as a Territory from the Louisiana 
pm'cliase, Ma}"^ 30, 1854. 

NEVADA 

ADMITTED INTO THE UNION 

October, 1864. 

Area, 112,090 square miles. 

Capital, Carson City. 

Pop. 1870, 42,491. 

A Spanish term signifying WJnte with Snow. Formed from 
territory acquired from Mexico in 1848. 

COLORADO 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
'^^ UNION 

'; Aug. 1, 1876. 
f ^i '5.V\ ' ''-'.>>!' 'Area, 104,500 sq. miles. 

'r<f^-'iV^'^ .1^1 ►' Capital, Denver. 

' "- ^^" --:^^-^#- Pop. 1870, 39,864. 

So called from a ^j) mi^h term, signifying Ihd or Colored 
and popularly known as llie Centennial State. Organized as a 
Territory from a part of Kansas, Nebraska and Utah, in 1861, 




Of AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



293 



UTAH. 

Area, 80,056 square miles. 
Capital, Salt Lake Citi 
Pop. 1870,86,786. 
First settled in 1848, 
at Salt Lake City, b} 
Morman emigrants. Or- 
ganized as a Territory September 9, 1850. 




DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Area, 60 square miles. 
Capital, Washington. 
Pop. 1870, 131,700. 
Originally formed of territory ceded by Maryland and Vir- 
ginia to the L^nited States, and held by Congress under terri- 
torial government by Act of December 23, 1788. By Act of 
Congress exclusive jurisdiction was taken by the United States, 
Feb. 27, 1801. July 9, 1846, the cession by Virginia was re- 
ceded to that State. 

ARIZONA. 

Area, 113,916 square miles. 

Capital, Tucson. 

Pop. 1870, 9,658. 

An Indian term signifying Sand Hills. Separated from 
New Mexico and organized as a Territory, February, 1863. 

IDAHO. 

Area, 90,932 square miles. 
Capital, Boise City. 
Pop. 1870, 14,968. 
Orecanized as a Territory from portions of Dakota, Nebraska 
and Washington territories March 3, 1863. 



^94 NATIONAL HAND-BOO^ 

MONTANA. 

Area, 143,776 square miles. 

Capital, Virginia City. 

Pop. 1870, 20,595. 

Separated from Idaho and organized as a Territory May 26, 
1864. 

NEW MEXICO. 

Area, 121,201 square miles. 

Capital, Santa-Fe. 

Population 1870, 91,874. 

So called from the place of Metitile, the Aztec god of war. 
First settled in 1594 at Santa-Fe by the Spanish. Organized as 
a Territory, Sept. 9, 1850. 

WASHINGTON. 

Area, 69,994 square miles. 

Capital, Olympia. 

Population 1870, 23,955. 

So named in honor of George Washington. First settled at 
Astoria in 1811 by emigrants from New England. Organized 
as a Territory, Nov. 2, 1853. 

DAKOTA. 

Area, 147,490 square miles. 

Capital, Yankton. 
Population 1870, 14,181. 

So called after the common name of the Confederate Sioux 
tribes and signifies leagued, allied. Organized as a Territory 
from a portion of Nebraska, March, 1861. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 295 

ALASKA. 

Area, 380,000 square miles. 

Population 1867, 29,000. 

Ceded by Russia to the United States March 30, 1867, for 
$7,200,000 

WYOMING. 

Area, 98,107 square miles. 

Capital, Cheyenne. 

Population 1870, 9,118. 

Organized as a Territory from portions of Dakota, Idaho, 
Utah, July 25, 1868. 

INDIAN. 

Area, 71,000 square miles. 

Capital, . 

Population 1860, 9,761. 
A tract of land set apart for the Indians and over which 
Conoress does not exercise any control except for the preserv- 
ation of peace on the frontier. Organized as a Territory 1834. 
The most important place is Tah-le-quah. 



296 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

THE MOST IMPORTANT TREATIES OF THE UNITED 
STATES. 

Alliance with France Feb. 6, 1779 

Treaty of Paris (independence secured) Sept. 3, 1783 

Treaty of Commerce with Prussia 1785 

Treaty with Morocco 1787 

Treaty of commerce with Great Britain (Jay's) 1794 

Treaty with the Six Nations and other Indian tribes 1794 

Treaty with Spain, by Pinckney ; and Algiers, by Hum- 
phries 1795 

Treaty with Tunis ; with Prussia (by J. Q. Adams) .... 1799 
Treaty with France, by Ellsworth, Patrick Henry, &c., 1800 
Treaty of Ghent, with Great Britain, signed by J. Q. 
Adams, A. Gallatin, and H. Clay, for the United 

States closing the " war of 1812 " 1814 

Ratified by the United States Feb. 17, 1815 

Treaty with the Choctaws and the Cherokees 1816 

Treaty with the Republic of Columbia 1825 

Treaty with the Creeks, Osages, &c 1825 

Treaty with Great Britain, indemnifying American citi- 
zens for spoliations during the war with Napoleon, 1826 

Treaty with Brazil March 18, ] 829 

Treaty with Turkey May 7, 1830 

Treaty with Mexico (commercial) April 5, 1831 

Treaty with do April 5, 1832 

Treaty with Naples Oct. 14, 1832 

Treaty with Russia (commercial) Dec. 18, 1832 

Treaty with Great Brit^iin respecting the N. E. boundary, 

signed by Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster, Aug. 20, 1842 
Treaty with China, negotiated by C. Gushing; ratified 1845 
Treaty of peace with Mexico, signed at (juadaloupe 1848 
Treaty with Great Britain, respecting Nicaragua, June, 1850 

Treaty with China, signed at Tier Tsin June 13, 1858 

Treaty with Japan, negotiated by Com. Perry, March 31, 1854 
Another treaty with Japan, by Townsend Harris, June 17, 1857 
Treaty with Mexico, negotiated by Mr. McLane, but re- 
jected by the U. S. Senate ..^ 1860 

Treaty between United States and Great Britain, to sup- 
press the Slave Trade 1862 

Treaty with Russia to purchase Russian America, ratified 1867 
Treaty with Great Britain adjudicating the " Alabama 

Claim" 1871 



8PBECH OP HON. STEPHEN A. DOtTGl^S. 297 



SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUaLAS. 

DELIVEBED AT OHIOAQO, MAT IST, 1861, 

Mr. Chaiemajst : I tliank jou for the kind terms 
in which you have been pleased to welcome me. I 
thank the Committee and citizens of Chicago for this 
grand and imposing reception. I beg you to believe 
that I will not do you nor myself the injustice to 
believe this magnificent ovation is personal homage 
to myself I rejoice to know that it expresses your 
devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the flag 
of our country. (Cheers.) 

I will not conceal gratification at the uncontro- 
vertible test this vast audience presents — that what 
political difierences or party questions may have 
divided us, yet you all had a conviction that when 
the country should be in danger, my loyalty could be 
relied on. That the present danger is imminent, no 
man can conceal. If war must come — if the bayonet 
must be used to maintain the Constitution — ^I can 



298 NATIONAL HAND-BOOg. 

say before God mj conscience is clean. I have 
struggled long for a peaceful solution of the difficulty. 
I have not only tendered those States what was 
theirs of right, but I have gone to the very extreme 
of magnanimity. 

The return we receive is war, armies marched 
upon our capital, obstructions and dangers to our 
navigation, letters of marque to invite pirates to prey 
upon our commerce, a concerted movement to blot 
out the United States of America from the map of 
the globe. The question is. Are we to maintain the 
country of our fathers, or allow it to be stricken 
down by those who, when they can no longer govern, 
threaten to destroy ? 

What cause, what excuse do disunionists give us 
for breaking up the best Government on which the 
sun of heaven ever shed its rays ? They are dissatis- 
fied with the result of a Presidential election. Did 
they never get beaten before ? Are we to resort to 
the sword when we get defeated at the ballot box ? 
I understand it that the voice of the people expressed 
in the mode appointed by the Constitution must 
command the obedience of every citizen. They 
assume, on the election of a particular candidate, 
that their rights are not safe in the Union. What 
evidence do they present of this ? I defy any man 
to show any act on which it is based. What act has 



8t*EECfi 0^ fiON. 6TEPHEK A. DOtJGLAS. 299 

been omitted to be done ? I appeal to these assem- 
bled thousands that so far as the constitutional rights 
of the Southern States, I will say the constitutional 
rights of slaveholders, are concerned, nothing has 
heen done, and nothing omitted, of which they can 
complain. 

There has never been a time from the day that 
Washington was inaugurated first President of these 
United States, when the rights of the Southern 
States stood firmer under the laws of the land than 
they do now ; there never was a time when they had 
not as good a cause for disunion as they have to-day. 
What good cause have they now that has not existed 
under every Administration ? 

If they say the Territorial question — now, for the 
first time, there is no act of Congress prohibiting 
slavery anywhere. If it be the non-enforcement of 
the laws, the only complaints that I have heard have 
been of the too vigorous and faithful fulfilment of 
the Fugitive Slave Law. Then what reason have 
they ? 

The slavery question is a mere excuse. The 
election of Lincoln is a mere pretext. The present 
secession movement is the result of an enormous con- 
spiracy formed more than a year since— formed by 
leaders in the Southern Confederacy more than 
twelve moTiths ago. 



300 NATION-AL HAND-BOOK. 

They use the Slavery question as a means to ai 
the accomplishment of their ends. They desired the 
election of a Northern candidate, by a sectional vote, 
in order to show that the two sections cannot live 
together. When the history of the two years from 
the Lecompton charter down to the Presidential 
election shall be written, it will be shown that the 
scheme was deliberately made to break up this 
Union. 

They desired a Northern Eepublican to be elected 
by a purely Northern vote, and then assign this fact 
as a reason why the sections may not longer live 
together. If the disunion candidate in the late Presi- 
dential contest had carried the united South, their 
scheme was, the Northern candidate successful, to 
seize the Capital last spring, and by a united South 
and divided North hold it. That scheme was 
defeated in the defeat of the disunion candidate in 
several of the Southern States. 

But this is no time for a detail of causes. The 
conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raised, 
war is levied to accomplish it. There are only two 
sides to the question. Every man must be for the 
United States or against it. There can be no neu- 
trals in this war ; only patriots — or traitors. 

Thank God, Illinois is not divided on this ques- 
tion. (Cheers.) I know they expected to present a 



8PEE0H OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. ^01 

united South against a divided North. They hoped 
in the l!Torthern States, party questions would bring 
civil war between Democrats and Republicans, when 
the South would step in with her cohorts, aid one 
party to conquer the other, and then make easy prey 
of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil 
war in the North. 

There is but one way to defeat this. In Illinois 
it is being so defeated by closing up the ranks. War 
will thus be prevented on our own soil. While there 
was a hope of peace, I was ready for any reasonable 
sacrifice or compromise to maintain it. But when 
the question comes of war in the cotton-fields of the 
South, or the corn-fields of Illinois, I say the farther 
ojff the better. 

We can not close our eyes to the sad and solemn 
fact that war does exist. The Government must be 
maintained, its enemies overthrown, and the more 
stupendous our preparations the less the bloodshed, 
and the shorter the struggle. But we must remember 
certain restraints on our action even in time of war. 
We are a Christian people, and the war must be 
prosecuted in a manner recognized by Christian 
nations. 

We must not invade Constitutional rights. The 
innocent must not suflfer, nor women and children be 
the victims. Savages must not be let loose. But 



302 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

while I sanction no war on the rights of others, I will 
implore my countrymen not to lay down their arms 
until our own rights are recognized. (Cheers.) 

The Constitution and its guarantees are our birth- 
right, and I am ready to enforce that inalienable 
right to the last extent. We can not recognize seces- 
sion. Recognize it once, and you have not only 
dissolved government, but you have destroyed social 
order — upturned the foundations of society. You 
have inaugurated anarchy in its worst form, and will 
shortly experience all the horrors of the French 
Revolution. 

Then we have a solemn duty — to maintain the 
Government. The greater our unanimity, the 
speedier the day of peace. We have prejudices to 
overcome from the few short months since of a fierce 
party contest. Yet these must be allayed. Let us 
lay aside all criminations and recriminations as to 
the origin of these difiiculties. When we shall have 
again a country with the United States flag floating 
over it, and respected on every inch of American 
soil, it will then be time enough to ask who and 
what brought all this upon us. 

I have said more than I intended to say. (Cries 
of " Go on.") It is a sad task to discuss questions so 
fearful as civil war ; but sad as it is, bloody and dis- 
astrous as I expect it will be, I express it as my 



SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. ^03 

conviction before God, that it is the duty of every 
American citizen to rally round the flag of his 
country. 

I thank you again for this magnificent demonstra- 
tion. By it you show you have laid aside party 
strife. Illinois has a proud position — United, firm, 
determined never to permit the Government to be 
destroyed. (Prolonged cheering.) 



304 NATIONAL HAJTO-BOOK. 



FIEST INAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF PEESIDENT 
LINCOLN 



Maboh 4th, 1861. 



Fellow- Citizens of the United States: 

In compliance with a custom as old as the Gov- 
ernment itself, I appear before you to address you 
briefly, and to take, in your presence, the oath pre- 
scribed by the Constitution of the United States to 
be taken by the President, before he enters on the 
execution of his office. 

I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me 
to discuss those matters of administration about 
which there is no special anxiety or excitement. 
Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the 
Southern States, that, by the accession of a Repub- 
lican Administration, their property and their peace 



INAUGITEAL ADDRESS OF PEESIDENT LrN-COLK. 305 

and personal security are to be endangered. There 
has never been any reasonable cause for such appre- 
hension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the 
contrary has all the while existed, and been open to 
their inspection. It is found in nearly all the pub- 
lished speeches of him who now addresses you. I 
do but quote from one of those speeches, when I 
declare that " I have no purpose, directly or indi- 
rectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in 
the States where it exists." I believe I have no 
lawful right to do so ; and I have no inclination to 
do so. Those who nominated and elected me, did so 
with the full knowledge that I had made this, and 
made many similar declarations, and had never re- 
canted them. And, more than this, they placed in 
the platform, for my acceptance, and as a law to 
themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolu- 
tion which I now read : 

'^ Resolved^ That the maintenance inviolate of the 
rights of the States, and especially the right of each 
State to order and control its own domestic institu- 
tions according to its own judgment exclusively, is 
essential to that balance of power on which the per- 
fection and endurance of our political fabric depend ; 
and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force 
of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under 

what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes." 
20 



306 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

1 now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so 
I only press upon the public attention the most con- 
clusive evidence o^ ^^^hich the case is susceptible, that 
tlie property, peace, aiid security of no section are 
to be in anywise endangered by the now incomiug 
Administration. 

I add, too, tliat all the protection which, consist- 
ently with the Constitution and the laws, can be 
given will be cheerfully given to all the States when 
lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully 
to one section as to another. 

There is nmch controvery about the delivering 
up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I 
now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as 
any other of its provisions : 

" No person held to service or labor in one State 
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be 
discharged from such service or labor, but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the party to whom such 
service or labor may be due." 

It is scarcely questioned that this provision was 
intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of 
what we call fugitive slaves; and the intention of 
the lawgiver is the law. 

All members of Congress swear their support to 
the whole Constitution — to this provision as well as 



mAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF PEESIDENT L.tNCOLN. 307 

any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves 
whose cases come within the terms of this clause 
" shall be delivered up," their oaths are unanimous. 
!N"ow, if they would make the effort in good temper^ 
could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame 
and pass a iaw by means of which to keep good that 
unanimous oath ? 

There is some difference of opinion whether this 
clause should be enforced by National or by State 
authority ; but surely that difference is not a very 
material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it 
can be of but little consequence to him or to others 
by which authority it is done ; and should any one, 
in any case, be content that this oatli shall go unkept 
on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it 
shall be kept ? 

Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not 
all the safeguards of liberty known in the civilized 
and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that 
a free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a 
slave ? And might it not be well at the same time 
to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause 
in the Constitution which guaranties that " the citi 
zens of each State shall be entitled to all the 
privileges and immunities of citizens of the several 
States?" 

I take the official oath to-day with no mental 



808 NATIONAL hand-book:. 

reservations, and with no purpose to construe the 
Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules ; and 
while I do not choose now to specify particular acts 
of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest 
that it will be much safer for all, both in official and 
private stations, to conform to and abide by all those 
acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of 
them, trusting to find impunity in having them held 
to be unconstitutional. 

It is seventy-two years since the first inaugura- 
tion of a President under our national Constitution. 
During that period fifteen different and very distin- 
guished citizens have in succession administered the 
executive branch of the government. They have 
conducted it through many perils, and generally 
with great success. Yet, with all this scope for pre- 
cedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief 
constitutional term of four years, under great and 
peculiar difficulties. 

A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore 
only menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold 
that in the contemplation of universal law and of 
the Constitution, the Union of these States is per- 
petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in 
the fundamental law of all national governments. 
It is safe to assert that no government proper ever 
bad a provision in its organic law for its own termin- 



mAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 30 J 

ation. Continue to execute all the express provisions 
of our national Constitution, and the Union will 
endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it, 
except bj some action not provided for in the instru- 
ment itself. 

Again, if the United States be not a government 
proper, but an association of States in the nature of 
a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably 
unmade by less than all the parties who made it? 
One party to a contract may violate it — break it, so 
to speak; but does it not require all to lawfully 
rescind it ? Descending from these general principles 
we find the proposition that in legal contemplation 
the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of 
the Union itself. 

The Union is much older than the Constitution. 
It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association 
in 1774. It was matured and continued in the Dec- 
laration of Independence in 1776. It was further 
matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States 
expressly plighted and engaged that it should be 
perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation, in 1778 ; 
and, finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for 
ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to 
form a more perfect Union. But if the destruction 
of the Union by one or by a part only of the States 
be lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, 



310 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the Constitution having lost the vital element i)l 
perpetuity. 

It follows from these views that no State, upon 
its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the 
Union ; that resolves and ordinances to that effect, 
are legally void ; and that acts of violence within any 
State or States against the authority of the United 
States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, accord- 
ing to circumstances. 

I therefore consider that, in view of the Consti- 
tution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and, to 
the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the 
Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that 
the laws of the Union shall be faithfully executed in 
all the States. Doing this, which I deem to be only 
a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform 
it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters, 
the American people, shall withhold the requisition, 
or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. 

I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but 
only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will 
constitutionally defend and maintain itself. 

In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- 
lence, and there shall be none unless it is forced upon 
the national authority. 

The power confided to me will he used to hold, 
occuj^y^ and possess the property and places lelonging 



INAUQUEAL ADDRESS OF PKESIDENT LINCOLN, oil 

to the Government^ and collect the duties and im- 
posts ; but beyond what may be necessary for these 
objects there will be no invasion, no using of forca 
against or among the people anywhere. 

Where hostility to the United States shall be so 
great and so universal as to prevent competent resi- 
dent citizens from holding the Federal offices, there 
will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers 
among the people that object. While the strict 
legal right may exist of the Government to enforce 
the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so 
would be so irritating, and so nearly impracticable 
withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time 
the uses of such offices. 

The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be 
furnished in all parts of the Union. 

So far as possible, the people everywhere shall 
have that sense of perfect security which is most 
favorable to calm thought and reflection. 

The course here indicated will be followed, unless 
current events and experience shall show a modifica- 
tion or change to be proper ; and in every case and 
exigency my best discretion will be exercised accord- 
ing to the circumstances actually existing, and with 
a view and hope of a peaceful solution of the national 
troubles, and the restoration of fraternal sympathies 
and affections. 



312 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

That there are persons, in one section or another, 
who seek to destroy the Union at all events, and are 
glad of any pretext to do it, I will neither affirm nor 
deny. But if there be such, I need address no word 
to them. 

To those, however, who really love the Union, 
may I not speak, before entering upon so grave a 
matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with 
all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes ? Would 
it not be well to ascertain why we do it ? Will you 
hazard so desperate a step, while any portion of the 
ills you fly from, have no real existence? Will you, 
while the certain ills you fly to, are greater than all 
the real ones you fly from ? Will you risk tlie com- 
mission of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be 
content in the Union if all constitutional rights 
can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, 
plainly written in the Constitution has been denied? 
I think not. Happily the human mind is so consti- 
tuted, that no party can reach to the audacity of 
doing this. 

Think, if you can, of a single instance in which 
a plainly-written provision of the Constitution has 
ever been denied. If, by the mere force of numbers, 
a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly- 
written constitutional right, it might, in a moral 
point of view, justify revolution ; it certainly would, 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 313 

if such right were a vital one. But such is not our 
case. 

All the vital rights of minorities and of individu- 
als are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and 
negations, guaranties and prohibitions in the Consti- 
tution, that controversies never arise concerning 
them. But no organic law can ever be framed with 
a provision specifically applicable to every question 
which may occur in practical administration. No 
foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reason- 
able length contain, express provisions for all possible 
questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered 
by national or by State authorities? The Constitu- 
tion does not expressly say. Must Congress protect 
slavery in the Territories ? The Constitution does 
not expressly say. From questions of this class, 
spring all our constitutional controversies, and we 
divide upon them into majorities and minorities. 

If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority 
must, or the government must cease. There is no 
alternative for continuing the government but acqui- 
escence on the one side or the other. If a minority 
in such a case, will secede rather than acquiesce, 
they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and 
divide them, for a minority of their own will secede 
from them whenever a majority refuses to be con- 
trolled by such a minority. For instance, why not 



314 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

any portion of a new confederacy, a year or t\v^o 
hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions 
of the present Union now claim to secede from it ? 
All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being 
educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is there 
Buch perfect identity of interests among the States to 
compose a new Union as to produce harmony only, 
and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central 
idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. 

A majority held in restraint by constitutional 
check and limitation, and always changing easily 
•with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sen- 
timents, is the only true sovereign of a free people. 
Whoever rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy 
or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible ; and the 
rule of a majority, as a permanent arrangement, is 
•wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority 
principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all 
that is left. 

I do not forget the position assumed by some 
that constitutional questions are to be decided by 
the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decis- 
ions must be binding in any case upon the parties to 
a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are 
also entitled to very high respect and consideration 
in all parallel cases by all other departments ot the 
government ; and while it is obviously possible that 



OTAUGUEAIi ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LmcOLN. 315 

Buch decision may be erroneous in any given case, 
Btill the evil effect following it, being limited to that 
particular case, with the chance that it may be over- 
ruled and never become a precedent for other cases, 
can better be borne than could the evils of a different 
practice. 

At the same time the candid citizen must confess 
that if the policy of the government upon the vital 
questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevo- 
cably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, 
the instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation 
between parties in personal actions, the people will 
have ceased to be their own masters, unless having 
to that extent practically resigned their government 
into the hands of that eminent tribunal. 

Nor is there in this view any assault upon the 
court or the judges. It is a duty from which they 
may not shrink, to decide cases properly brought 
before them ; and it is no fault of theirs if others seek 
to turn their decisions into political purposes. One 
section of our country believes slavery is right and 
ought to be extended, while the other believes it is 
wrong and ought not to be extended ; and this is the 
only substantial dispute; and the fugitive slave 
clause of the Constitution, and the law for the sup 
pression of the foreign slave trade, are each as well 
enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a com- 



316 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

munity where the moral sense of the people imper- 
fectly supports the law itself. The great body of the 
people abide by the dry legal obligation in both 
cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think, 
cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in 
both cases after the separation of the sections than 
before. Tlie foreign slave trade, now imperfectly 
suppressed, would be ultimately revived, without 
restriction, in one section ; while fugitive slaves, now 
only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered 
at all by the other. 

Physically speaking we cannot separate— we can- 
not remove our respective sections from each other, 
nor build an impassable wall between them. A 
husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of 
the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but 
the different sections of our country cannot do this. 
They cannot but remain face to face ; and inter- 
course, either amicable or hostile, must continue 
between them. Is it possible, then, to make that 
intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory 
after separation than before? Can aliens make 
treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can 
treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens 
than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to 
war, you cannot fight always; and when, after much 
loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease 



INArGUBAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 317 

fighting, the identical questions as to terms of inter- 
course are again upon you. 

This country, with its institutions, belongs to the 
people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow 
weary of the existing government, they can exercise 
their constitutional right of amejjding, or their revolu- 
tionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I can- 
not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and 
patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national 
Constitution amended. While I make no recom- 
mendation of amendment, I fully recognize the full 
authority of the people over the whole subject, to be 
exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the 
instrument itself, and I should, under existing cir- 
cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair oppor- 
tunity being afforded the people to act upon it. 

I will venture to add, that to me the convention 
mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments 
to originate with the people themselves, instead of 
only permitting them to take or reject propositions 
originated by others not especially chosen for the 
purpose, and. which might not be precisely such as 
they would wish either to accept or refuse. I under- 
stand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution 
(which amendment, however, I have not seen) has 
passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Gov- 
ernment shall never interfere with the domestic 



318 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

institutions of States, including that of persons held 
to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I 
have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of 
particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding 
such a provision to now be implied constitutional 
law, I have no objection to its being made express 
and irrevocable. 

The chief magistrate derives all his authority 
from the people, and they have conferred none upon 
him to fix the terms for the separation of the States. 
The people themselves, also, can do this if they 
choose, but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do 
with it. His duty is to administer the present gov- 
ernment as it came to his hands, and to transmit it 
unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should 
there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate 
justice of the people ? Is there any better or equal 
hope in the world? In our present differences is 
either party without faith of being in the right ? If 
the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal 
truth and justice, be on your side of the North, or on 
yours of the South, that truth and that justice will 
surely prevail by the judgment of tliis great tribunal, 
the American people. By the frame of the Govern- 
ment under which we live, this same people have 
wisely given their public servants but little power 
for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided 



INAUGUKAL ADDRESS OF PKESLJENT LINCOLN. 319 

for the return of that little to their own hands at 
very short intervals. While tlie people retain their 
virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any ex- 
treme wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure 
the Government in the short space of four years. 

My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and 
well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can 
be lost by taking time. 

If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot 
haste, to a step which you would never take deliber- 
ately, that object will be frustrated by taking time ; 
but no good object can be frustrated by it. 

Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the 
old Constitution unimpaired, and on the sensitive 
point, the laws of your own framing under it; while 
the new administration will have no immediate 
power, if it would, to change either. 

If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied 
hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no 
single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, 
patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him 
who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are 
still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our 
present difficulties. 

In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, 
and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. 
The government will not assail you. 



320 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

You can have no conflict without being your- 
selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered 
in Heaven to destroy the government ; while I shall 
have the most solemn one to " preserve, protect, and 
defend it." 

I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but 
friends. "We must not be enemies. Though passion 
may have strained, it must not break our bonds of 
affection. 

The mystic cords of memory, stretching from 
every battle-field and patriot grave to every living 
heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will 
yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again 
touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels 
of our nature. 



THE TmiTED STATES AEMY. 



321 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY DURING THE GREAT CIVIL WAB 
OF 1861-65. 

The following statement sliows the number of men 
furnished by each State: 



Men fumishedl | Aggregate No. 

under Act of Aggregate No. 'of men furnish 'd 
April 15, 1861, jof men furnisli'd under all cails. 
for 75,000 militia under aU calls, .reduced to the 3 
for 3 months. lyears' standard. 



Maine 

New Hampshire .... 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Conneclicut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

West Virdnia 

District of Columbia . 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconson 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Kansas 

Tennessee 

Arkansas 

North Carolina 

California 

Nevada 

Oregon 

Washington Ter'ty, 

Nebraska 

Colorado 

Dakota 

New Mexico 



Total. 



71 745 
34,605 
35,246 

151,785 
23,711 
57,270 

464,156 
79,511 

366,326 
13,651 
49,731 
32,003 
16,872 

317,133 

195,147 

258,217 
90,119 
96,118 
25,034 
75,860 

108,773 
78,540 
20,097 
12,077 



7,451 
216 
617 
895 

1,279 

1,762 

181 

2,395 

2,688,523 



56,595 

30,827 

29.052 

123,844 

17,878 

50,514 

381,696 

55,785 

267,558 

10,303 

40,692 

27,653 

11,506 

237,976 

152,283 

212,694 

80,865 

78,985 

19,675 

68,182 

86,192 

70,348 

18,654 

12,077 



7,451 
216 
581 
895 
380 

1,762 
181 

1,011 

2,154,311 



21 



322 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S FIEST CALL FOB 
TEOOPS. 

APEIL 15t£i, 1861. 

Whereas^ the laws of the United States have been 
for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the 
execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South 
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, 
Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful 
to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial 
proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals 
by law ; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, Presi- 
dent of the United States, in virtue of the power in 
me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have 
thousht fit to call forth tlie Militia of the several 
States of the Union to the aggregate number of 
75,000, in order to suppress said combinations, and 
to cause the laws to be duly executed. 

The details for this object will be immediately 
communicated to the State authorities through the 



PRESIDENT Lincoln's call foe troops. 323 

War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to 
favor, facilitate, and aid, this effort to maintain the 
honor, the integrity, and existence, of our national 
Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, 
and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. 
I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned 
to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to 
repossess the forts, places, and property which have 
been seized from the Union ; and in every event the 
utmost care will be observed, consistently with the 
objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any 
destruction of, or interference with property, or any 
disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the 
country ; and I hereby command the persons compos- 
ing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire 
peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty 
days from this date. 

Deeming that the present condition of public 
affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, 
in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitu- 
tion, convene both houses of Congress. The Sena- 
tors and Eepresentatives are, therefore, summoned to 
assemble at their respective chambers at twelve 
o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July 
next, then and there to consider and determine such 
measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and 
interest may seem to demand. 



324 NATIONAL HAND-EOOK. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, 
and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. 
Done at the City of Washington, this fifteenth day 
of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand 
eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independ- 
ence of the United States the eighty-fifth. 

Abraham Lincoln. 
Uy the President. 

"William H. Sewaed, Secretary of State, 



TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE 
DURING THE REBELLION. 

The various calls of the President for men were 
as follows : 



1861, — 3 months' men, 
1861, — 3 years' men, . 
1862, — 3 years' men, . 
1862, — 9 months' men, 
1864, — 3 years' men, Fehruary, 
1864, — 3 years' men, March, 
1864, — 3 years' men, July, 



75,000 
500,000 
300,000 
300,000 
500,000 
200,000 
500,000 



1864, — 3 years' men, December, . . 300,000 



Total, . . . 2,675,000 

These do not include the militia that were 
brought into service during the various invasions of 
Lee's armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania^ 



K. Y. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE KESOLUTIONS. 



325 



RESOLUTIONS OF THE N. Y. CHAMBER OF 
OOMMEECE. 

SUSTAINING THE FEDERAL GOVEENMENT AND UEGING A 8TEI0T 
BLOCKADE OF SOUTHEEN POETS, APEIL 19tH, 1861. 

Whereas, Our country has, in the course of 
events, reached a crisis unprecedented in its past 
history, exposing it to extreme dangers, and involv- 
ing the most momentous results ; and Whereas, The 
President of the United States has, by his Proclama- 
tion, made known the dangers which threaten the 
Btability of Government, and called upon the people 
to rally in support of the Constitution and laws ; and 
Whereas, The merchants of ^N'ew York, represented 
in this Chamber, have a deep stake in the results 
which may flow from the present exposed state of 
national affairs, as well as a jealous regard for the 
honor of that flag under whose protection they have 
extended the commerce of this city to the remotest 
part of the world ; therefore, 



326 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Resolved^ That this Chamber, alive to the perils 
vrhich have been gathering around our cherished 
form of Government and menacing its overthrow, 
has witnessed with lively satisfaction the determina- 
tion of the President to maintain the Constitution 
and vindicate the supremacy of Government and 
law at every hazard. (Cheers.) 

Resolved, That the so-called secession of some of 
the Southern States having at last culminated in 
open war against the United States, the American 
people can no longer defer their decision between 
anarchy or despotism on the one side, and on the 
other liberty, order, and law under the most benign 
Government the world has ever known. 

Besol/ved, That thig Chamber, forgetful of past 
differences of political opinion among its members, 
will, with unanimity and patriotic ardor, support the 
Government in this great crisis: and it hereby 
pledges its best efforts to sustain its credit and facili- 
tate its financial operations. It also confidently 
appeals to all men of wealth to join in these efforts. 
(Applause.) 

Resolved, That while deploring the advent of 
civil war which has been precipitated on the country 
by the madness of the South, the Chamber is per- 
suaded that policy and humanity alike demand that 
it should be met by the most prompt and energetic 



N. Y. CHAMBER OF COMMEKCE EESOLUTIONS. 327 

measures ; and it accordingly recommends to Gov- 
ernment the instant adoption and prosecution of a 
policy so vigorous and resistless, that it will crush 
out treason now and forever. (Applause.) 

Resolved^ That the proposition of Mr. Jefferson 
Davis to issue letters of marque to whosoever may 
apply for them, emanating from no recognized Gov- 
ernment, is not only without the sanction of public 
law, but piratical in its tendencies, and therefore 
deserving the stern condemnation of the civilized 
world. It cannot result in the fitting out of regular 
privateers, but may, in infesting the ocean with 
piratical cruisers, armed with traitorous commissions, 
to despoil our commerce and that of all other 
maritime nations. (Applause.) 

Resolved^ That in view of this threatening evil, it 
is, in the opinion of this Chamber, the duty of our 
Government to issue at once a proclamation, warning 
all persons, that privateering under the commissions 
proposed will be dealt with as simple piracy. It 
owes this duty not merely to itself, but to other 
maritime nations, who have a right to demand that 
the United States Government shall promptly discoun- 
tenance every attempt within its borders to legalize 
piracy. It should, also, at the earliest moment, block- 
ade every Southern port, so as to prevent the egress 
and ingress of such vessels. (Immense applause.) 



328 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Hesolved^ That the Secretary be directed to send 
copies of these resolutions to the Chambers of Com- 
merce of other cities, inviting their co-operation in 
such measures as may be deemed effective in 
strengthening the hands of Government in this 
emergency. 

Resolved^ That a copy of these resolutions, duly 
attested by the officers of the Chamber, be forwarded 
to the President of the United States. 

BLOCKADE EESOLUTIONS. 

Whereas, "War against the Constitution and Gov- 
ernment of these United States has been commenced, 
and is carried on by certain combinations of indi- 
viduals, assuming to act for States at the South 
claiming to have seceded from the United States ; 
and 

Whereas, Such combinations have officially pro- 
mulgated an invitation for the enrollment of vessels, 
to act under their authorization, and as so-called 
" privateers," against the flag and commerce of the 
United States ; therefore. 

Resolved, by the Chamber of Commerce of the 
State of ISTew York, That the United States Govern- 
ment be recommended and urged to blockade the 
ports of such States, or any other State that shall 



N. T. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 329 

join them, and that this measure is demanded for 
defence in war, as also for protection to the commerce 
of the United States against these so-called '^ priva- 
teers " invited to enrol under the authority of such 
States. 

Resolved^ That the Chamber of Commerce of 
the State of lN"ew York pledges its hearty and cor- 
dial support to such measures as the Government of 
the United States may, in its wisdom, inaugurate 
and carry through in the blockade of such norts. 



!30 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



A PROCLAMATION, 

BY THB PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEBIOA, 
BLOCKADING THE SOUTHEEN POETS. 

Whereas an insurrection against the Goverumenl 
of the United States has broken out in the States of 
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the 
United States for the collection of the revenue can 
not be efficiently executed therein conformably to 
that provision of the Constitution which requires 
duties to be uniform throughout the United States : 

And Whereas a combination of persons, engaged 
in such insurrection, have threatened to grant pre- 
tended letters of marque to authorize the bearers 
thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and 
property of good citizens of the country lawfully 
engaged in commerce on the high seas, and in waters 
of the United States : 

And Whereas an Executive Proclamation has 



BLOCKADE PROCLAMATION. 331 

been abeady issued, requiring the persons engaged 
in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom, 
calling out a militia force for the purpose of repress- 
ing the same, and convening Congress in extraordi- 
nary session to deliberate ajjd determine thereon : 

]^ow, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President 
of the United States, with a view to the same pur- 
poses before mentioned, and to the protection of the 
public peace, and the lives and property of quiet 
and orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupa- 
tions, until Congress shall have assembled and 
deliberated on the said unlawful proceedings, or 
until the same shall have ceased, have further 
deemed advisable to set on foot a Blockade of the 
ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the 
laws of the United States and of the laws of nations 
in such cases provided. For this purpose a compe- 
tent force will be posted so as to prevent entrance 
and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If, 
therefore, with a view to violate such Blockade, a 
vessel shall approach, or shall attempt to leave any 
of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the 
Commander of one of the blockading vessels, who 
will endorse on her register the fact and date of such 
warning ; and if the same vessel shall again attempt 
to enter or leave the blockaded port, she will be cap- 
tured and sent to the nearest convenient port, for 



332 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

such proceedings against her and her cargo as prize 
as may be deemed advisable. 

And I hereby proclaim and declare, that if any 
person, under the pretended authority of said States, 
or under any other pretence, shall molest a vessel of 
the United States, or the persons or cargo on board 
of her, such person will be held amenable to the 
laws of the United States for the prevention and 
punishment of piracy. 

Abeahaivi Lincoln. 
By the President. 

William H. Seward, Secretary of State. 

Washington, April 19, 1861. 



THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 333 



THE EMANCIPATION PEOOLAMATION. 

BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OP AMEBIOA. 

"Whereas, on the twenty-second day of Septem- 
ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was issued by 
the President of the United States, containing among 
other things the following, to wit : 

" That on the first day of January, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or 
designated part of a State, the people whereof shall 
then be in rebellion against the United States, shall 
be then, thenceforth and forever free, and the 
Executive Government of the United States, includ- 
ing the military and naval authorities thereof, will 
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, 
and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or 
any of them, in any efforts they may make for their 
actual freedom. 

" That the Executive will, on the first day of 



334 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the 
States and parts of States, if any, in which the people 
thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against 
the United States, and the fact that any State, or 
the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith 
represented in the Congress of the United States by 
members chosen thereto at elections wherein a ma- 
jority of the qualified voters of such State shall have 
participated, shall, in the absence of strong counter- 
vailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence 
that such State and the people thereof are not then 
in rebellion against the United States." 

ITow, therefore, I, ABEAHAM LmCOL:N", 
President of the United States, by virtue of tlie 
power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the 
Army and 'Nsivj of tlie United States in time of 
actual armed rebellion against the authority and 
government of the United States, and as a fit and 
necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, 
do, on this first day of January, in the year of our 
Lord one thousand eiglit hundred and sixty-three, 
and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly 
proclaim for the full period of one hundred days 
from the day of the first above mentioned order, and 
designate, as the States and parts of States wherein 
the people thereof respectively are this day in rebel- 
lion against the United States, the following, to wit : 



THE EMANCIPATION PEOCLAMATION. 335 

AEKANSAS, TEXAS, LOUISIANA, (except the 
Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. 
John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, 
Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and 
Orleans, including the City of Orleans), MISSIS- 
SIPPI, ALABAMA, FLOKIDA, GEORGIA, 
SOUTH CAROLINA, NORTH CAROLINA, and 
VIRGINIA (except the forty-eight counties desig- 
nated as "West Virginia, and also the counties of 
Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, 
York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the 
cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which ex- 
cepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if 
this Proclamation were not issued. 

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose 
aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons 
HELD AS SLAVES withiu Said designated States and 
parts of States are, and henceforwakd SHALL BE 
FREE ! and that the Executive Government of the 
United States, including the military and naval au- 
thorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the 
freedom of said persons. 

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared 
to be free, to abstain from all violence, unless in 
necessary self-defence, and I recommend to them 
that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully 
for reasonable wages. 



336 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

And I further declare and make known that such 
persons of suitable condition will be received into 
the armed service of the United States to garrison 
forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man 
vessels of all sorts in said service. 

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an 
act of justice, warranted bv the Constitution, upon 
military necessity, I invoke the considerate judg- 
ment of mankind and the gracious favor of Al- 
mighty God. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my 
name, and caused the seal of the United States to be 
affixed. 

Done at the City of Washington, this first day 

of January, in the year of our Lord one 

fL. 8.] thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 

and of the Independence of the United 

States the eighty-seventh. 

ABEAHAM LIKCOUS^. 
By the President. 

William H. Sewaed, 

Secretary of State, 



THE CONFISCATION ACT. 



337 



TKE CONFISCATION ACT. 

TO CONFISOATE PEOPEETT USED FOE INSUEEECTIONAEY PUEP0SE8. 

Be it enacted^ etc.^ That if, during the present or 
any future insurrection against the Government of 
the United States, after the President of the United 
States shall have declared, \>j proclamation, that the 
laws of the United States are opposed, and the exe- 
cution thereof obstructed, by combinations too pow- 
erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of 
judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the 
marshals by law, any person or persons, his, her, or 
their agent, attorney, or employee, shall purchase or 
acquire, sell or give any property of whatsoever kind 
or description, with intent to use or employ the 
same, or suffer the same to be used or employed, in 
aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or 
resistance to the laws, or any person or persons en- 
gaged therein ; or if any person or persons, being the 
22 



338 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

owner or owners of any such property, shall know- 
ingly nse or employ, or consent to the use or employ- 
ment of the same as aforesaid, all such property is 
hereby declared to be lawful subject of prize and 
capture wherever found ; and it shall be the duty of 
the President of the United States to cause the same 
to be seized, confiscated, and condemned. 

Sec. 2. Such prizes and capture shall be con- 
demned in the district or circuit court of the United 
States, having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admi- 
ralty in any district in which the same may be seized, 
or into which they may be taken and proceedings 
first instituted. 

Sec. 3. The Attorney-General, or any district 
attorney of the United States in which said property 
may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of 
condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly 
for the benefit of the United States ; or any person 
may file an information with such attorney, in which 
case the proceedings shall be for the use of such in- 
former and the United States in equal parts. 

Sec. 4. Whenever hereafter, during the present 
insurrection against the Government of the United 
States, any person claimed to be held to labor or ser- 
vice under the law of any State, shall be required or 
permitted by the person to whom such labor or ser- 
vice is cliiimed to be due, or by the lawful agent of 



THE CONFISCATION ACT. 339 

BTicli persons, to take up arms against the United 
States, or shall be required or permitted by the per- 
son to whom such labor or service is claimed to be 
due, or his lawful agent, to work or to be employed 
in or upon any fort, navy yard, dock, armory, ship, 
intrenchment, or in any military or naval service 
whatsoever, against the Government and lawful au- 
thority of the United States, then, and in eveiy such 
case, the person to whom such labor or service is 
claimed to be due, shall forfeit his claim to such labor, 
any law of the State or of the United States to the 
contrary notwithstanding. And whenever thereafter 
the person claiming such labor or service shall seek 
to enforce his claim, it shall be a full and sufficient 
answer to such claim that the person whose service 
or labor is claimed had been employed in the hostile 
service against the Government of the United States, 
contrary to the provisions of this act. 



340 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDEITT LmOOLN'S SECOND AND LAST 
INAUGURAL ADDEESS. 

Maboh 4, 1865. 

Fellow-countrymen : At this second appearing 
to take tlie oath of the Presidential office, there is 
less occasion for an extended address than there was 
at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, 
( f a course to be pursued seemed very fitting and 
proper. JN'ow, at the expiration of four years, during 
which public declarations have been constantly 
called forth on every point and phase of the great 
contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses 
the energies of the nation, little that is new could be 
presented. 

The progress of our arms, upon which all elso 
chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to 
myself, and it is, I trust reasonably satisfactory and 
encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, 
no prediction in regard to it is ventured. 



Lincoln's last inatjgueal address. ^^1 

On the occasion corresponding to this four years 
ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an im- 
pending civil war. All dreaded it ; all sought to 
avoid it. While the inaugural address was being 
delivered from this place, devoted altogether to sav- 
ing the Union without war, insurgent agents were in 
the city seeking to destroy it without war — seeking 
to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by nego- 
tiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of 
them would make war rather than let the nation 
survive ; and the other would rather accept war than 
let it perish, and the war came. 

One-eighth of the whole population were colored 
slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but 
localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves 
constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All 
knew that this interest was somehow the cause of 
the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend 
this interest, was the object for which the insurgents 
would rend the Union even by war, while the Gov- 
ernment claimed no right to do more than to restrict 
the territorial enlargement of it. 

ITeither party expected for the war the magni- 
tude or the duration which it has already attained. 
Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict 
might cease with, or even before the conflict itself 
should cease. Each looked for an easier tri 



342 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

umpli, and a result less fundamental and astound- 
ing. 

Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same 
God ; and each invoke his aid against the other. It 
may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a 
just God's assistance in wringing their bread from 
the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not, 
that we be not judged. The prayers of both could 
not be answered. That of neither has been an- 
swered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. 
" Woe unto the world because of offences, for it must 
must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that 
man by whom the offence cometh." If we shall 
suppose that American slavery is one of these offen- 
ces, which, in the providence of God, must need? 
come, but which, having continued through his 
appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he 
gives to both North and South this terrible war as 
the woe due to those by whom the offence came, 
shall we discern therein any departure from those 
divine attributes which the believers in a living God 
always ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fer- 
vently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war 
may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con- 
tinue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's 
two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall 
be sunk, and until ewry drop of blood drawn with 



Lincoln's last inatjgural address. 343 

the lash, shall be paid with another drawn by the 
sword ; as was said three thousand years ago, so still 
it must be said, " The judgments of the Lord are 
true and righteous altogether." 

With malice toward none, with charity to all, 
with firnmess in the right, as God gives ifs to see the 
right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; 
to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who 
shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and 
his orphans ; to do all which may achieve and cher- 
ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and 
with all nations. 



344 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S PEOOLAMATION OF 
AMNESTY. 

AOOOMPANTnTG THE PEESIDENt's MESSAGE, DEOEMBEE 8, 1863. 

TVheeeas, in and by the Constitution of the 
United States, it is provided that the President 
" shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons 
for offences against the United States, except in 
cases of impeachment ;" and whereas a rebellion now 
exists whereby the loyal State governments of several 
States have for a long time been subverted, and 
many persons have committed and are now guilty of 
treason against the United States ; and whereas, 
with reference to said rebellion and treason, laws 
have been enacted by Congress declaring forfeitures 
and confiscation of property and liberation of slavey 
all upon terms and conditions therein stated ; and 
also declaring that the President was thereby author- 
ized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to 
extend to persons who may have participated in the 



leptcoln's proclamation of amnesty. 345 

existiog rebellion, in any State or part thereof, par- 
don and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such 
times and on such conditions as he may deem expe- 
dient for the public welfare ; and whereas the con- 
gressional declaration for limited and conditional 
pardon accords with well established judicial exposi- 
tion of the pardoning power; and whereas, with 
reference to said rebellion, the President of the 
United States has issued several proclamation s» with 
provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and 
whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore 
engaged in said rebellion to resume their allegiance 
to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State 
governments within and for their respective States : 
Therefore, 

" I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United 
States, do proclaim, declare, and make known to all 
persons who have, directly or by implication, partici- 
pated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter 
excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to 
them and each of them, with restoration of all rights 
of property, except as to slaves, and in property 
cases where rights of third parties shall have inter- 
vened, and upon the condition that every such 
person shall take and subscribe an oath, and thence- 
forward keep and maintain such oath inviolate ; and 
which oath shall be registered for permanent preser- 



846 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK, 

vation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, 
to wit : 

" I, , do solemnly swear, in presence 

of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully 
support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the 
United States, and the union of the States there- 
under ; and that I will in like manner, abide by and 
faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during 
the 'existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so 
long and so far as not repealed, modified, or held 
void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme 
Court ; and that I will, in like manner, abide by 
and faithfully support all proclamations of the Presi- 
dent made during the existing rebellion having 
reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified 
or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. 
So help me God." 

The persons excepted from the benefits of the 
foregoing provisions are, all who are, or shall have 
been, civil or diplomatic ofiicers or agents of the so- 
called confederate government ; all who have left 
judicial stations under the United States to aid the 
rebellion ; all who are, or shall have been, military 
or naval ofiicers of said so-called confeddfate govern- 
ment, above the rank of colonel in the army, or of 
lieutenant in the navy ; all who left seats in the 
United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all ytho 



Lincoln's proclamation of amnesty. 347 

resigned commissions in the Army or I^avy of the 
United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion ; 
and all who have engaged in any way in treating 
colored persons, or white persons in charge of such, 
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and 
which persons may have been found in the United 
States Service as soldiers, seamen, or in any other 
capacity. 

And I do further proclaim, declare and make 
known, that whenever, in any of the States of 
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, 
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and 
North Carolina, a number of persons, not less than 
one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State 
at the presidential election of the year of our Lord 
1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not 
having since violated it, and being a qualified voter 
by the election law of the State existing immediately 
before the so-called act of secession, and excluding 
all others shall re-establish a State government which 
shall be republican, and in nowise contravening said 
oath, such shall be recognized as the true govern- 
ment of the State, and the State shall receive there- 
under the benefits of the constitutional provision 
which declares that " the United States shall guar- 
anty to every State in this Union a republican form 
of government, and shall protect each of them 



348 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

against invasion ; and, on application of the Legisla- 
ture, or the Executive (when the Legislature cannot 
be convened), against domestic violence." 

And I do further proclaim, declare, and make 
known that any provision which may be adopted by 
such State government in relation to the freed 
people of such State, which shall recognize and 
declare their permanent freedom, provide for their 
education, and which may yet be consistent, as a 
temporary arrangement, with their present condition 
as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not 
be objected to by the National Executive. And it is 
suggested as not improper, that, in constructing a 
loyal State government in any State, the name of 
the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the consti- 
tution, and the general code of laws, as before the 
rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifi- 
cations made necessary by the conditions hereinbefore 
stated, and such others, if any, not contravening said 
conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by 
those framing the new State government. 

To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to 
say that this proclamation, so far as it relates to 
State governments, has no reference to States 
wherein loyal State governments have all the while 
been maintained. And for the same reason, it may 
be proper to further say that whether members sent 



Lincoln's proclamation of amnesty. 349 

to Congress from any State shall be admitted to 
seats, constitutionally rests exclusive with the 
respective Houses, and not to any extent with the 
Executive. And still further, that this proclamation 
is intended to present the people of the States 
wherein the national authority has been suspended, 
and loyal State governments have been subverted, 
a mode in and by which the national authority and 
loyal State governments may be re-established within 
said States, or in any of them ; and, while the mode 
presented is the best the Executive can suggest, with 
his present impressions, it must not be understood 
that no other possible mode would be acceptable. 
Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, 

the 8th day of December, a. d. 1863, and of 
[l. s.] the independence of the United States of 

America the eighty-eighth. 

ABKAHAM LI:N'C0LK 
By the President. 
Wm. H. Sewakd, Secretary of State. 



350 NiTIONAL HAin>-BOOK. 



PEESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLA- 
MATION, 

BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

'Whereas^ The President of the United States, on 
the 8th day of December, 1863, did, with the object 
of suppressing the existing rebellion, to induce all 
persons to lay down their arms, to return to their 
loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United 
States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and par- 
don to certain persons who had directly or by impli- 
cation, engaged in said rebellion ; and 

Whereas^ Many persons who had so engaged in 
the late rebellion have, since the issuance of said 
proclamation, failed or neglected to take the benefits 
offered thereby ; and 

Whereas^ Many persons who have been justly 
deprived of all claim to amnesty and pardon there- 
under, by reason of their participation directly or by 
implication in said rebellion, and continued in hos- 
tilitv to the Government of the United States since 



351 



the date of said proclamation, now desire to apply 
for and obtain amnesty and pardon : 

To the end, therefore, that the authority of the 
Government of the United States may be restored, 
and tha*t peace, and order, and freedom may be es- 
tablished, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the 
United States, do proclaim and declare, that I 
hereby grant to all persons who have directly or in- 
directly participated in the existing rebellion, except 
as hereafter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with res- 
toration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, 
except in cases where legal proceedings under the 
laws of the United States, providing for the confisca- 
tion of property of persons engaged in rebellion, have 
been instituted, but on the condition, nevertheless, 
that every such person shall take and subscribe to 
the following oath, which shall be registered, for 
permanent preservation, and shall be of the tenor 
and effect following, to wit : 

I do solemnly swear or affirm in presence of 
Almighty God, that I will henceforth support, pro- 
tect, and faithfully defend the Constitution of the 
United States, and will, in like manner, abide by 
and faithfully support all laws and proclamations 
which have been made during the existing rebellion 
with reference to the emancipation of slaves. So 
help me God 



352 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

The following classes of persons are excepted 
from the benefits of this proclamation. 

1. All who are or have been pretended diplomatic 
officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of 
the pretended Confederate States. 

2. All who left judicial stations under the United 
States to aid in the rebellion. 

3. All who have been military or naval officers of 
the pretended Confederate Government above the rank 
of colonel in the army, and lieutenant in the navy. 

4. All who left their seats in the Congress of the 
United States to aid in the rebellion. 

5. All who resigned or tendered the resignation 
of their commissions in the army and navy of the 
United States to evade their duty in resisting the 
rebellion. 

6. All who have engaged in any way in treating 
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, persons 
found in the United States service as officers, sol- 
diers, seamen, or in other capacities. 

Y. All persons who have been or are absentees 
from the United States for the purpose of aiding the 
rebellion. 

8. All military or naval officers in the rebel ser- 
vice who were educated by the Government in the 
Military Academy at West Point, or at the United 
States l^aval Academy. 



JOHIfSON's AMNE8TT PEOCLAMATION. 353 

9. All persons who held the pretended offices of 
Governors of the States in insurrection against the 
United States. 

10. All persons who left their homes within the 
jurisdiction and protection of the United States, and 
passed beyond the Federal military lines into the 
so-called Confederate States for the purpose of aiding 
the rebellion. 

11. All persons who have engaged in the de- 
struction of the commerce of the United States upon 
the high seas, and all persons who have made raids 
into the United States from Canada, or been engaged 
in destroying the commerce of the United States on 
the lakes and rivers that separate the British prov- 
inces from the United States. 

12. All persons who, at a time when they seek to 
obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein 
prescribed, are in military, naval or civil confinement 
or custody, or under bond of the military or naval 
authorities or agents of the United States as pris- 
oners of any kind, either before or after their con- 
viction. 

13. All persons who have voluntarily participated 
in said rebellion, the estimated value of whose taxa- 
ble property is over twenty thousand dollars. 

14. All persons who have taken the oath of am- 
nesty, as prescribed in the President's proclamation 

23 



354 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of December 8, 1863, or the oath of allegiance to the 
United States since the date of said proclamation, 
and who have not thenceforward kept the same 
inviolate ; provided, that special application may be 
made to the President for pardon by any person be- 
longing to the excepted classes, and such clemency 
will be extended as may be consistent with the facts 
of the case and the peace and dignity of the United 
States. The Secretary of State will establish rules 
and regulations for administering and recording the 
said amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefits to the 
peoj^le, and guard the government against fraud. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my 
hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be 
afilxed. 

Done at the City of Washington, this the 29th 

day of May, 1865, and of the independence of 

America the 89th. 

A]^DEEW JOHNSON. 
By the President, 

Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of State, 



A PEACE PBOCLAMATION. 355 



A PEACE PEOOLAMATION. 



On the 20th of August, 1866, the President 
issued a proclamation announcing the return of 
peace and restoring the writ of habeas corj)us in all 
the Southern States. Among the points made in 
this proclamation are the following : 

'' There now exists no organized armed resistance 
of the misguided citizens or others to the authority 
of the United States in the States of Georgia, South 
Carolina, Yirginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ala- 
bama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida, 
and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein 
by the proper civil authority. State or Federal, and 
the people of the said States are well and loyally dis- 
posed, and have conformed, or will conform, in their 
legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of 
the amend inent to the Constitution of the United 



356 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

States prohibiting slavery within the jurisdiction of 
the United States. 

u * * * fi^Q people of the several before men- 
tioned States have, in the manner aforesaid, given 
satisfactory evidence that they acquiesce in this sov- 
ereign and important revolution of the national 
unity. 

" It is believed to be a fundamental principle of 
government that people who have revolted, and who 
have been overcome and subdued, must either be 
dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become 
friends, or else they must be held by absolute mili- 
tary power, or devastated so as to prevent them from 
ever again doing harm as enemies, which last named 
policy is abhorrent to humanity and freedom. 

" The Constitution of the United States provides 
for constitutional communities only as States, and 
not as territories, dependencies, provinces, or proteo 
torates. 

u * * * Therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, Presi- 
dent of the United States, do hereby proclaim and 
declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed 
in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Korth 
Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, 
Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and 
henceforth to be so regarded." 



PK0V08T MARSHALL-GENERAL'S REPORT. 



PEOVOST MAESHAL-GENEEAL'S EEPOET. 

SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTED, NTJMBEE OF KILLED, 
WOUNDED, AND DEATHS FEOM DISEASE, DUBING THE 
REBELLION. 

Washington, D. C, Friday, April 27, 1866. 

The following is a condensed summary of the 
results of the operations of this bureau, from its or- 
ganization to the close of the war. 

1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all 
persons liable to conscription, under the law of 
March 3 and its amendments, a complete exhibit of 
the military resources of the loyal States, in men, 
was made, showing an aggregate number of 
2,254,063, not including 1,000,516 soldiers actually 
under arms, when hostilities ceased. 

2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand 
six Imndred and twenty-one men were raised, at an 
average cost (on account of recruitment exclusive of 



358 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

bounties,) of $9.84 per man, while the cost of recruit 
ing of 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of 
the Bureau was $34.01 per man. A saving of over 
seventy cents on the dollar in the cost of raising 
troops was thus effected under this Bureau, notwith- 
standing the increase in the price of subsistence, 
transportation, rents, &c., during the last two years 
of the war. (Item: The number above given docs 
not embrace the naval credits allowed under the 
eighth section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits 
for drafted men who paid commutation, the recruits 
for the regular army, nor the credits allowed by the 
Adjutant-General subsequent to May 25, 1865, for 
men raised prior to that date.) 

3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty- 
six deserters were arrested and returned to the army. 
The vigilance and energy of the officers of the Bu- 
reau, in this line of the business, put an effectual 
check to the wide-spread evil of desertion, which, at 
one time, impaired so seriously the numerical 
strength and efficiency of the army. 

4. The quotas of men furnished by the various 
parts of the country were equalized, and a propor- 
tionate share of military service secured from each, 
thus removing the very serious inequality of recruit- 
ment, which had arisen during the first two years of 
the war, and which, when the bureau was organized, 



had become an almost insuperable obstacle to the 
further progress of raising troops. 

5. Records were completed showing minutely the 
physical condition of 1,014,776 of the men examined, 
and tables of great scientific and professional value 
have been compiled from this data. 

6. The casualties in the entire military force of 
the nation during the war of the rebellion, as shown 
by the official muster-rolls and monthly returns, 
have been compiled with, in part, this result : 

KTLLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS WHILE IN SERVICE. 

Commissioned officers 5,221 

Enlisted men 90,868 

DIED FROM DISEASE OR ACCIDENT. 

Commissioned officers 2,321 

Enlisted men 182, 329 

Total loss in service 280,739 

These figures have been carefully compiled from 
the complete official file of muster-rolls and monthly 
returns, but yet entire accuracy is not claimed for 
them, as errors and omissions to some extent doubt- 
less prevailed in the rolls and returns. Deaths (from 
wounds or disease contracted in service) which oc- 



360 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

curred after the men left the armj are not included 
in these figures. 

Y. The system of recruitment established by the 
Bureau, under the laws of Congress, if permanently 
adopted, (with such improvement as experience may 
suggest,) will be capable of maintaining the numer- 
ical strength and improving the character of the 
army in time of peace, or of promptly and econom- 
ically rendering available the National forces to any 
required extent in time of war. 



THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 361 



CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 

AS ADOPTED BY 00NGBKS8, MAEOH, 1866. 

§ 1. That all persons in the United States and 
not subject to any foreiprn power, excluding iL.Hans 
not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the 
United States ; and such citizens of every race and 
color, without regard to any previous condition of 
Slavery or involuntary service, except as a punish- 
ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been 
duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every 
State and Territory, to make and enforce contracts, 
to sue, to be sued, be parties and give evidence ; to 
inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey 
personal property, and to full and equal benefit of 
all laws and proceedings for the security of person 
and property as are enjoyed by white citizens ; and 
shall be subject to the like j>unishment, pains and 
penalties, and to none other ; any law, statute, ordi- 



362 



NiiTIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



iiauce, regulation, or custom to the contrary not- 
withstanding. 

§ 2. And that any person who, under color of 
any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, 
shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabit- 
ant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of 
any right secured or protected by this act, or to pun- 
ishment, pains, and penalties, on account of such 
person having at any time been held in a condition 
of slavery, or involuntary servitude, except for the 
punishment of crime whereof the party shall have 
been duly convicted, or by the reason of his color or 
race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white 
persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not 
exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not 
exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the 
court. 

§ 3. That the district courts of the United States, 
within their respective districts, shall have, exclu- 
sively cf the courts of the several States, cognizance 
of all crimes and offences committed against the 
provisions of this act, and also, concurrently with the 
circuit courts of the United States, of all causes civil 
and criminal, affecting persons who are denied, or 
can not enforce in the courts of judicial tribunal 
of the State or locality where they may be, any of 



THE Cr9lL EIGHTS BILL. 363 

the rights secured to them hy the first section of this 
act ; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, 
has been, or shall be commenced in any State court 
against any such person, for any cause whatsoever, 
civil or military, or any other person, any arrest or 
imprisonment, trespasses, or wrong done or com- 
mitted by virtue or under color of authority derived 
from this act, or the act establishing a bureau for the 
relief of freed men and refugees, and all acts amenda- 
tory thereof, or for refusing to do any act, upon the 
ground that it would be inconsistent with this act, 
such defendant shall have the right to remove such 
cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court, in 
the manner prescribed by the act relating to habeas 
corpus^ and regulating judicial proceedings in certain 
cases, approved March 3, 1863, and all acts amenda- 
tory thereto. The jurisdiction in civil and criminal 
matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit 
courts of the United States shall be exercised and 
enforced, in conformity with the laws of the United 
States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the 
same into effect; but in all cases where such laws are 
not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the pro- 
visions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and 
punish ofiences against the law, the common law, as 
modified and changed by the Constitution and 
statutes of the State wherein the court having juris- 



364 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

diction of the cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far 
as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution, 
and laws of the United States, shall be extended, 
and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition 
of such causes, and, if of a criminal nature, in the 
infliction of punishment on the party found guilty. 

§ 4. That the district attorneys, marshals, and 
deputy marshals, of the United States, the commis- 
sioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts 
of the United States, with power of arresting, impris- 
oning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the 
United States, the officers and agents of the Freed- 
men's iiureau, and every other officer who may be 
specially empowered by the President of the United 
States, shall be, and they are, hereby specially 
authorized and required, at the expense of the United 
States, to institute proceedings against all and every 
person who shall violate the provisions of this act, 
and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned, 
or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such of 
the United States or territorial courts as by this act 
have cognizance of the offence, and, with a view to 
affording reasonable protection to all persons in their 
constitutional rights of equality before the law, with- 
out distinction of race or color, or previous condition 
of shivery or involuntary servitude, except as a pun- 
ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been 



THE CIVIL BIGHTS BELL. 365 

duly convicted, and the prompt discharge of the 
duties of this act, it shall be the duty of the circuit 
courts of the United States and the superior courts 
of the territories of the United States, from time to 
time, to increase the number of Commissioners, so as 
to afford a speedy and convenient means for the 
arrest and examination of persons charged with a 
violation of this act. 

§ 5. That said Commissioners shall have concur- 
rent jurisdiction with the judges of the circuit and 
district courts of the United States, and the judges 
of the superior courts of the territories, severally and 
collectively, in term time and vacation, upon satis^ 
factory proof being made, to issue warrants and 
precepts for arresting and bringing before them all 
offenders against the provisions of this act, and, on 
examination, to discharge, admit to bail, or commit 
them for trial, as the facts may warrant. 

§ 6. And such Commissioners are hereby author- 
ized and required to exercise and discharge all the 
powers and duties conferred on them by this Act, 
and the same duties with regard to offences created 
by this act, as they are authorized by law to exercise 
with regard to other offences against the laws of the 
United States. That it shall be the duty of all mar- 
shals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all 
warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of 



3QQ NATIONAL HAITO-BOOK. 

this act when to them directed, and should any mar- 
shal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such war- 
rant or other process, when tendered, or to use all 
proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall 
on conviction thereof be lined in the sum of one 
thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon 
whom the accused is alleged to have committed the 
offence ; and the better to enable the said Commis- 
sioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi- 
ciently, in conformity with the Constitution of the 
United States, and the requirements of this act, they 
are hereby authorized and empowered, within their 
counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under 
their hands, one or more suitable persons, from time 
to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro- 
cess as may be issued by them in the lawful perform- 
ance of their respective duties, and the person so 
appointed to execute any warrant or process as afore- 
said shall have authority to summon and call to their 
aid the bystanders of Si posse comitates of the proper 
county, or such portion of the land or naval forces of 
the United States, or of the militia, as may be neces- 
sary to the performance of the duty with which they 
are charged, and to insure a faithful observance of 
the clause of the Constitution which prohibits 
slavery, in conformity with the y^rovisions of this 
act ; and said warrants shall run and be executed by 



THE OIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 367 

said officers anywhere in the State or Territory 
within which they are issued. 

§ 7. That any person who shall knowingly and 
wrongfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any officer or 
other person charged with the execution of any war- 
rant or process issued under the provisions of this act, 
or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or 
them, from arresting any person for whose apprehen- 
sion such warrant or process may have been issued ; 
or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such person 
from the custody of the officer, other person or per- 
sons, or those lawfully assisting, as aforesaid, when 
so arrested, pursuant to the authority berein given 
and declared ; or shall aid, abet or assist any person 
so arrested as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to 
escape from the custody of the officer or other per- 
sons legally authorized, as aforesaid, or shall harbor 
or conceal any person for whom a warrant or process 
shall liave been issued as aforesaid, so as to prevent 
his discovery and arrest after notice of knowledge of 
the fact that a warrant has been issued for the appre- 
hension of such person, shall for either of said 
offences be subject to a fine not exceeding one thou- 
sand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six 
months, by indictment before the district court of the 
United States for the district in which said offence 
may have been committed, or before the proper court 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any one 
of the organized Territories of the United States. 

§ 8. That the district attorneys, the marshals, 
their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and 
territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the 
like fees as may be allowed to them for similar 
services in other cases ; and in all cases where the 
proceedings are before a Commissioner he shall be 
entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services 
in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such 
arrest and examination. The person or persons 
authorized to execute the process to be issued by such 
Commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the 
provisions of this act, shall be entitled to a fee of five 
dollars for each person he or they may arrest and 
take before any such Commissioner, as aforesaid, 
with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by 
such Commissioner for such other additional services 
as may be necessarily performed by him or them — 
such as attending at the examination, keeping the 
prisoner in custody, and providing food and lodgings 
during his detention and until the final determina- 
tion of such Commissioner, and in general for per- 
forming such other duties as may be required in the 
premises, such fees to be made up in conformity with 
the fees usually charged by the officers of the court 
of justice, within the proper district or county, as 



THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 369 

/ 

near as practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of 
the United States, on the certificate of the district 
within which the arrest is made, and to be recover- 
able from the defendant as part of the judgment in 
case of conviction. 

§ 9. That whenever the President of the United 
States shall have reason to believe that offences have 
been or are likely to be committed against the pro- 
visions of this act within any judicial district, it shall 
be lawful for him, in his discretion, to direct the 
judge, marshal and district attorney of such district 
to attend at such place within the district and for 
such time as lie may designate, for the purpose of 
the more speedy arrest and trial of persons charged 
with the violation of this act ; and it shall be the 
duty of every judge or other officer, when any such 
requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the 
place and for the time therein designated. 

§ 10. That it shall be lawful for the President of 
the United States, or such persons as he may 
empower for that purpose, to employ such part of 
the land or naval forces of the United States, or of 
the militia, as shall be necessary to prevent the vio- 
lation and enforce the due execution of this act. 

§ 11. That upon all questions of law arising in any 

cause under the provisions of this act, a final appeal 

may be taken to the supreme court of the United States. 
24 



370 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
1774 TO 1789. 

PRESIDENT. DATE. CONGKES8 MET AT 

Peyton Randolph, Va. . .5th Sept., 1774 Philadelphia. 
Henry Middleton, S. C. . .22nd Oct., 1774 
Peyton Randolph, Va. . .10th May, 1775 " 

John Hancock, Mass. . . .24th May, 1776 Baltimore. 

r Philadelphia. 
Henry Laurens, S. C. . . .1st Nov. 1777 < York, Pa.; 

;^ Lancaster, Pa. 

John Jay, N. Y 10th Dec, 1778 Philadelphia. 

Samuel Huntington, Conn. 28th Sep., 1778 " 

Thomas McKean, Del. . .10th July, 1781 " 

John Hanson, Md 5th Nov., 1781 « 

Elias Boudinot, N. J. . . .4th " 1782 " 

/ Princeton, N. J. 

Thomas Mifflin, Pa. . . . 3rd " 1783 ] ^ ^. ,,^ 

(Annapolis, Md. 

Richard Henry Lee, Va. . .30th Nov., 1784 Trenton. 

Nathaniel Gorham, Mass. 6th Jan., 1786 New York. 

Arthur St. Clair, Pa. . . .2nd Feb., 1787 

Cyrus Griffin, Va 22nd Jan., 1788 " 

The first Congress under the Constitution met at New 
York, March 4, 1789 ; Geo. Washington inaugurated Presi- 
dent. The seat of Government was removed to Washington, 
D. C, in 1800. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



371 



NATIONAL DEBTS OF THE TWENTY LEAD- 
ING NATIONALITIES IN 1875. 



Country, 


Beht, 


Interest, 


Bates 


France . . 


14,500,000,000 


1165,000,000 


3§ 


England . . 


3,900,000,000 


133,500,000 


2i 


United Statet 


i 2,125,000,000 


103,000,000 


41 


Italy . . . 


1,950,000,000 


76,750,000 


4 


Spain . . . 


1,875,000,000 


55,000,000 


3 


Austria . . 


1,750,000,000 


75,000,000 


4i 


Russia . , 


1,700,000,000 


67,250,000 


4 


Germany . . 


1,000,000,000 


45,000,000 


4i 


Turkey . . 


675,000,000 


47,500,000 


7 


India . . . 


650,000,000 


29,500,000 


4i 


Brazil . . , 


410,000,000 


15,500,000 


4 


Holland . . 


400,000,000 


11,250,000 


2i 


Egypt . . 


375,000,000 


37,500,000 


10 


Portugal . 


345,000,000 


10,750,000 


3 


Mexico . 


317,500,000 


20,000,000 


6 


Australasia , 


230,000,000 


13,500,000 


6 


Peru . . 


185,000,000 


13,000,000 


T 


Belgium . 


180,000,000 


8,750,000 


5 


Hungary . 


160,000,000 


7,500,000 


5 


Canada . 


150,000,000 


7,500,000 


5 



Total, 



$22,950,000,000 $942,750,000 



372 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



STATISTICS OF EMIGRANTS ARRIVING IN 
THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1820. 



1820 . . 


. . 8,385 


1852 . . 


. . 371,603 


1821 . . 


9,130 


1853 . . 


. 368,645 


1822 . . 


. . 6,911 


1854 . . 


. . 427,833 


1823 . . 


6,354 


1855 . . 


. 200,877 


1824 . . 


. . 7,912 


1856 . . 


. . 200,436 


1825 . . 


10,199 


1857 . . 


. 251,306 


1826 . . 


. . 10,837 


1858 . . 


. . 123,126 


1827 . . 


18,875 


1859 . . 


. 121,282 


1828 . . 


. . 27,382 


1860 . . 


. . 153,640 


1829 . . 


22,520 


1861 . . 


91,920 


1830 . . 


. . 23,322 


1862 . . 


. . 91,987 


1831 . . 


22,633 


1863 . . 


. 176,282 


1832 . . 


. . 60,482 


1864 . . 


. . 193,418 


1833 . . 


58,640 


1865 . . 


. 248,120 


1834 . . 


. . 6b,S6o 


1866 . . 


. . 318,554 


1835 . . 


45,374 


1867 . . 


. 298,358 


1836 . . 


. . 76,242 


1868 . . 


. . 297,215 


1837 . . 


79,340 


1869 . . 


. 385,287 


1838 . , 


. . 38,914 


1870 . . 


. . 284,422 


1889 


68,072 
. . 84,006 






1840 . . 


Total, . 


. 7,448,925 


1841 . . 


80,289 






1842 . . 


. . 104,565 






1843 . . 


78,615 






1844 . . 








1845 . . 


* . * 114,371 






1846 . . 


. . 154,416 






1847 . . 


. 234,968 






1848 . . 


. . 226,527 






1849 . . 


. 297,041 






1850 . . 


. . 369,963 




, 


1851 . . 


. 379,466 







OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 373 

United States Patent Office. 

Comparative statement from 1837 to 1875, inclusive. 

y , Applica- Patents Cash Cash 

^^^' tions. issued. received. expended. 

1837 435 $29,289 08 $33,506 98 

1838 520 42,123 54 37,402 10 

1839 425 37,260 00 34,543 51 

1840 735 473 38,056 51 39,020 67 

1841 847 495 40,413 01 52,666 87 

1842 761 517 36,505 68 31,24148 

1843 819 531 35,315 81 30,776 96 

1844 1,045 502 42,509 26 36,244 73 

1845 1,246 502 51,076 14 39,395 65 

1846 1,272 619 50,264 16 46,158 71 

1847 1,531 572 63,11119 41,878 35 

1848 1,628 660 67,576 69 58,905 84 

1849 1,955 1,070 80,752 98 77,716 44 

1850 2,193 995 86,927 05 80,100 95 

1851 2,258 865 95,738 61 86,916 93 

1852 2,639 1,020 112,656 34 95,916 91 

1853 2,673 958 121,527 45 132,869 83 

18.54 3,324 1,902 163,789 84 167,146 32 

1855 4,435 2,024 216,459 35 179,540 33 

1856 4,960 2,502 192,588 02 199,93102 

1857 4,771 2,910 196,132 01 211,582 09 

1858 5,364 3,710 203,716 16 193,193 74 

1859 6,225 4,538 245,942 15 210,278 41 

1860 7,653 4,819 256,352 59 252,820 80 

1861 4,643 3,340 137,354 44 221,49191 

1862 5,038 3,521 215,754 99 182,810 39 

1863 6,014 4,170 195,593 29 189,414 14 

1864 6,932 5,020 240,919 98 229,868 00 

1865 10,664 6,616 348,79184 274,199 34 

1866 15,269 9,450 495,665 38 361,724 28 

1867 21,276 V],0\6 646,58192 639,263 32 

1868 20,420 13,378 681,565 86 628,679 77 

1869 19,271 13,986 693,145 81 486,430 78 

1870 19,171 13,321 669,456 76 557.149 19 

1871 19,472 13,033 678,716 46 560,595 08 

1872 18,246 13,590 699.726 39 665,59136 

1873 20,414 12,864 703,19177 691,178 98 

1874 21,602 13,599 738,278 17 679,288 41 

1875 21,638 16,288 743,453 36 721,657 71 



374 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Table. — Showing the number of Patents issued for each of the 

following mechanical devices since the organization of the 
U. S. Patent Office :— 

Bee-hives 645 

Bending-machines for wood and metal 144 

Boots and shoes, manufacture of, and articles used 

therein 817 

Brick-kilns and brick-machines 808 

Bridges 425 

Brooms and brushes, and their attachments 750 

Buckles 388 

Burglars-alarms 165 

Burners, gas, lamp, and vapor 793 

Cane-mills 66 

Corn-planters 647 

Corn-shellers 378 

Cotton-planters , 173 

Cultivators 1,617 

Car-brakes 485 

Car-coupling 961 

Car-wheels 314 

Carriages and their appendages 1,495 

Churns and their appendages 1,391 

Clothes driers and wringers 984 

Curtain fixtures 364 

Fire-arms 1,203 

Fanning-mills 127 

Grain-cradles 18 

Grain-drills 186 

Gas and gas apparatus 1,399 

Grain, cutting, binding, and drying 135 

Grinding and grist mills 371 

Hand-rakes 9 

Harrows 329 

Harvesters 2,244 

Hav-forks 382 

Hoes 201 

Horse-powers 415 

Horse-rakes 373 

Lawn-mowers 38 

Lamps and appurtenances 1,483 

Looms and appurtenances 1,210 

Mowers 173 

Plows 2,451 

Paper, manufacture of 269 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 375 

Pavements 404 

Photography 346 

Planing-machines, wood and metal 384 

Propellers, and apparatus for 570 

Printing-presses, apparatus and material 756 

Railways, apparatus and connections 1,552 

Rotary engines 170 

Reapers 69 

Reapers and mowers combined 61 

Rollers and scrapers 141 

Seed-sowers 579 

Scythes 50 

Scythe-snaths 26 

Separators 334 

Shovels 58 

Sickles 13 

Stump-pullers 191 

Thrashers 732 

Saw-mills and machines 1,981 

Sewing-machines and their attachments 2,295 

Steam-engines and apparatus 1,013 

Stoves 2,400 

Straw-cutters and machines 401 

Sugar-mills and machinery 343 

Telegraph and instruments 566 

Toys 300 

Tobacco-presses and manufactures 197 

Valves 1,497 



Total number of patents issued since 1836 171,640 

Total number of reissues 6,830 

Total number of designs 8,883 

Total number of trade-marks 3,287 

Total number of labels 464 

From the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Patents. 



376 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 





o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


-tJI 


CO 


0:1 


CO 


»^ 


OS 


O 


o 


(^ 


o 


O 


CO 


'^ 


00 


CO 


CO 


.^ 


o 


»o 


oo 


o 


o 


«:» 


CO 


(?4 


t^ 





t 


"^ 


o 


o 


(M 


o 


(M 


o 


t^ 


CO 


Tjl 


I—I 


o 


Oi 


<yi 


I— 1 


CO 


C5 


t>. 


GO 


Oi 






















<] 


fM 


?— ( 


^ 


o 


C5 


CX) 


(^^ 


x^ 


GO 


^ 




CO 


CO 


o 


CO 


o 


I— 1 


T-^ 


!>. 


05 


00 




m 


(M 


-* 


rH 


Oi 


tr- 


(M 


00 


OS 


H 


§ 








iH 


sH 


^'^ 


»o 




CO 





CO 

W 
H 

H 

CO I o o o 

H § t^ -rj^ ->:iH 

W |S CO O 00 

rj "^ as GO CO 

g 5 CO 00 >o 

^ 5? ^ <>< 10 



'^ 



fe 


^ 

e 







<§ 




CO 


■v> 







? 


»o 


t-H 

H 


c^ 


00 


r/? 


^^ 


00 


HH 








3 ^ 






(— ^ 


(N 


CO 








h* 





(^ 


OS 


00 


''tt 


CO 





t^ 


<-5 


(M 


CO 


t^ 





1—1 


(M 


(^ 


f7<l 


00 


CO 


(>< 


^ 


Ci 


CO 


xj^ 


as 





(>< 


ir^ 


r-H 


Oi 


CO 


OS 


GO 


(M 


CO' 






^ 


as 


— ■ 


l>. 


Oi 


I-^ 


05^ 

rH 





-^ 
^ 


^ 

oT 




OS, 



b- O 23 CO 
I— ( l>. OS j^ 

<>< CO «>• ^ 



as 


(n 


^ 


(M 





CO 


t^ 


as 


CO 


T-( 


r^ 


CO 


uo 


(M 


(N 















00 





T-i 


CO 


'O 


t>. 


'^ 


»o 


w:) 


1—1 


tH 


<N 


<N 


(N 



<;i 



CO 

^ OwoCO OOo«Ot^<» (Mr}<00 

O ^t>.ooOiooO'— iasas"^oo 

P^ ^ OSC0»O^'^^^^^<M^<»_ 

''^ (N -"^ 00 CO 00 00 CO G^" ^^ 

i-H i-H (M <>» CO CO 



a, 

si 



oooooooo ocoo 
asOT-HC^co'^>o«oh'i>>i>- 

t>.O0QOO0O00O0OQOO0GOCO 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 377 



THE VOTES FOR THE PRESIDENTS. 

Popular Electoral 

Teau Candidates. Vote. Vote. 

1789— George Washington Unanimoua 

1796— John Q. Adams 71 

Thomas Jefferson 69 

1800— Thomas Jefferson Dem 73 

Aaron Burr Dem 73 

John Q. Adams Fed 65 

1804— Thomas Jefferson Dem 148 

C. C. Pinckney Fed 28 

1808— James Madison Dem 122 

C C. Pinckney Fed 47 

1812— James Madison Dem. 128 

DeWitt Olinton Dem 89 

1816— James Monroe Dem 183 

Rufus King Fed 34 

1820— James Monroe .Dem 227 

John Adams Fed 1 

1824— John Q. Adams Fed. 105,321 84 

Andrew Jackson Dem. 155,872 99 

W. H. Crawford Dem. 44,282 41 

HenryClay Whig. 46,587 37 

1828— Andrew Jackson Dem. 647,231 178 

John Q. Adams Fed. 509,097 83 

1832— Andrew Jackson Dem. 687,502 219 



HenryClay Whig. 

' id. 



John Floyd Ind 11 

William Wirt Anti M 7 

1836— Martin Van Buren Dem. 761 ,549 170 

Wm. H. Harrison Whig 736,656 121 

1840— Wm. H. Harrison Whig 1,275,011 234 

Martin Van Buren Dem. 1,135,761 60 

1844— James K. Polk Dem- 1,337,243 170 

Henry Clay Whig. 1,361,362 105 

1848— Zachary Taylor Whig. 1,360,099 163 

Lewis Cass Dem. 1,220,544 127 

Martin Van Buren Free Soil. 291,263 — 

1852— Franklin Pierce Dem. 1,601,474 254 

Winlield Scott Whig 1,542,403 42 

JohnP. Hale Abolitionist 157.296 — 

1856— James Buchanan Dem. 1,838,169 174 

JohnC. Fremont Rep. 2,215,798 122 

Millard Fillmore Am. 874,707 8 

1860— Abraham Lincoln Rep. 1,866,352 180 

J. C. Breckenridge Dem. 2,810,501 123 

S.A.Douglas Dem. l,365,r>78 12 

John Bell Union. 590,631 39 

1864— Abraham Lincoln Rep. 2,216,067 213 

George B. McClellan Dem. 1,808.725 21 

1868— Ulysses S. Grant Rep. 3,015,071 214 

Horatio Seymour Dem. 2,709,613 80 

J872— Ulysses S. Grant. Rep. 3,597,070 300 

Horace Greeley Lib. 2,834,079 66 

1876— Ruthaford B. Hayes Rep, 

Samuel J. Tilden Dem. 



378 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



■ nm^ ' 

This maybe carried to an iiuletinite period in the past or future, by extending 
the table of years and repeating the same letter every 28 years. 



1776] 200 YEARS. [1976 



i77« 


l»i>4 1832 


1860 




• 05 


' 33 


•61 


" 78 


" 0« 


' 34 


• «2 


• 79 


'07 


• 35 


"63 


'• HO 


"08 


" 36 


"64 


" 81 


"09 


" 37 


"65 


" H2 


•'lo 


'•38 


"66 


•' «a 


' 11 


"U 


" 67 


** 84 


•' 12 


"68 


" 85 


" 13 


"41 


"69 




!!14 


"42 


'•70 


" 87 


15 


'•43 


"7 


it luQ 


" 16 


•'44 


'•751 


•• 89 


:.' 17 


" 45 


"7;; 


"90 


IS 


'46 


"74 


" 91 


* 19 


" 47 


"75 


" 92 


' 20 


"48 


' 76 


" 9S 


: 21 


•*49 


" 77 


" *»4 


' 22 


'ftO 


" 78 


" 95 


" 23 


"51 


" 79 




•24 


"52 


"80 


" 97 


"25 


• 53 


"81 


*' 98 


' 26 


" 54 


"82 


" QQ 


' 27 


' 55 


' W3 


1800 


;• 28 


' 66 


"81 


' Ol 


'29 


" 57 


" 85 


"oa 


' 30 


•' 68 


•H6 


•Ol 


"31 


• 59 


" h7 



89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
9S 
99 
190(> 
Ol 
O'i 
03 
Ol 
05 
06 
07 
08 
09 
lO 
11 
12 
13 
64 
15 



1916 

• 17 

"18 
" 19 
" 20 

• 21 
" 22 
" 23 
" 24 

* 25 
" 26 
" 27 
" 28 
' 29 
' 30 
" 31 
" 32 

* 33 
" 34 
" 35 
" 36 
" 37 
''■ 38 

" :j9 
" to 

■' iij 

'• -23 



1944 

■' 45 
• 46 
" 47 
" 48 
" 49 
•* 50 
" 51 
" 52 
" 53 
" 54 
" 55 
" 66 
" 57 
" &m 
" 59 
" 60 
" 61 
" 62 
' 63 
" 61 
" 65 
" 66 
" 67 
" 68 
" 69 
" 7 0' 
•'71 



1972 

" 73 
" 74 

" 75 
•• 76 



li, Ns <j s .-^ .^ <: 



A D E 

C F F 

D <;g 

E A A 



F » C F 



C F 



\ II !> li it 



H^: E 

■ClFlF 

D (;:A 

F HU 

g:i;!(' 



AC 

U l> 
I) F „ 

e'gIc 

F AID 



A I> OGBE 
IJE FlO D G 



-u k; G<,',B 

!K AlAiD F 
FB II EG 

D 

E 
« 

A 



t* If IS Ki 

'mm 



A B 

V. c k; 

ADD 
BEE 

'E'aIa 

F BIB, 



E A 
., F B 



AD G 
B E A 
C FIB 
DGjr 
F B E 
GC|F 
ADG 
BIE A 
DGC 

E a!d 

FIB E 

<ii€ F 

B e!a 

(; F B 



GC 
AD 

B,K 



The letter at right angle with a given year and month, 
shows which calendar to be used. Example: On what 
day of the week will March 4, 1877, come— Inauguration 
day? E is the letter at right angle with the year and 
month, and in the calendar marked E, the 4th day comes 
on Sunday. 

Note.— All dates prior to March 1st, 1800. carry for- 
ward one day of the week and back one day after Febru- 
ary 2Sth, 1900. This is accounted for by the added day 
in every fourth, or leap year, being 11 minutes, 10 seconds 
and three tenths of a second too much, hence the cor- 
rect time falls behind, an overplus of 18 h. 37 m. and 10 
sec. in a century ; it was agreed that everv centennial 
year that could not be divided by 400 (1700, l.-OO, 1900, 
2100, etc.) should not be what is termed a leap year, as it 
otherwise would be : thus dropping the extra day three 
times every 400 years. 

On what day of the week was the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence signed ? A is at right angles with the year and 
month, and the 4th day of the A calendar comes on 
Wednesday, and the rule requiring one day of the week 
to be added to all dates prior to 1800, makes it Thursday, 
The 2nd Centennial Anniversary (drop one day of the 
week after 1900) comes on Sunday, July 4th, 1976. 

The 12 letters above the line, show the calendars to be 
used for 1876 and 1877 below. 

f Copyright 1875. by E. B. TREAT, 805 Broadway, New York. I 



A 

B 
C 
D 
E 
F 



S MTWT P 3 



3 
10 
17 
24 
31 

2 3 
10 



NATIONAL IIAND-UOOK 



379 




880 NATIONAL HAND-B(H>«. 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 

BY A DISTINGUISHED HISTOBIAN. 

Men, in the aggregate, demand something be»ided 
abstract ideas and principles. Hence the desire foi 
symbols — something visible to the eye and that ap- 
peals to the senses. Every nation has a flag that 
represents the country — every army a common ban- 
ner, which, to the soldier, stands for that army. It 
speaks to him in the din of battle, cheers liim in the 
long and tedious march, and pleads with him on the 
disastrous retreat. 

Standards were originally carried on a pole or 
lance. It matters little what they may be, for the 
symbol is the same. 

In ancient times the Hebrew tribes had each its 
own standard — that of Ephraim, for instance, was a 
steer; of Benjamin, a wolf. Among the Greeks, the 
Athenians had an owl, and the Thebans a sphynx. 
The standard of Romulus was a bundle of hay tied to 
4 pole, afterwards a human hand, and finally an eagle. 



HISTORY OF THE FLAO. 381 

Eoigles were at first made of wood, then of silver, with 
thunderbolts of gold. Under Caesar thej were all 
gold, without thunderbolts, and were carried on a 
long pike. The Germans formerly fastened a 
streamer to a lance, which the duke carried in front 
of the army. Eussia and Austria adopted the double 
headed eagle. The ancient national flag of England, 
all know, was the banner of St. George, a white field 
with a red cross. This was at first used in the Col- 
onies, but several changes were afterwards made. 

Of course, when they separated from the mother 
country, it was necessary to have a distinct flag of 
their own, and the Continental Congress appointed 
Dr. Franklin, Mr. Lynch, and Mr. Harrison, a com- 
mittee to take the subject into consideration. They 
repaired to the American army, a little over 9,000 
strong, then assembled at Cambridge, and after due 
consideration, adopted one composed of seven white 
and seven red stripes, with the red and white crosses 
of St. George and St. Andrew, conjoined on a blue 
field in the corner, and named it " The Great Union 
Flag." The crosses of St. George and St. Andrew 
were retained to show the willingness of the colonies 
to return to their allegiance to the British crown, if 
their rights were secured. This flag was first hoisted 
on the first day of January, 1776. In the meantime, 
the various colonies had adopted distinctive badges, 



382 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

BO that the different bodies of troops, that flocked 'o 
the army, had each its own banner. In Connecticut, 
each regiment had its own peculiar standard, on 
wliich were represented the arms of the colony, with 
the motto, " Qui transtulit sustinet " — (he who trans- 
planted us will sustain us.) The one that Putnam 
gave to the breeze on Prospect Hill on the 18th of 
July, 1775, was a red flag, with this motto on one 
side, and on the other, the words inscribed, "An 
appeal to Heaven." That of the floating batteries 
was a white ground with the same "Appeal to 
Heaven " upon it. It is supposed that at Bunker Hill 
our troops carried a red flag, with a pine tree on a 
white field in the corner. The first fiag in South Car- 
olina was blue, with a crescent in the corner, and 
received its first baptism under Moultrie. In 1776, 
Col. Gadsen presented to Congress a flag to be used 
by the navy, wliich consisted of a rattle-snake on a 
yellow ground, with thirteen rattles, and coiled to 
strike. The motto was, " Don't tread on me.'' " The 
Great Union Flag," as described above, without the 
crosses, and sometimes with the rattle-snake and 
motto, " Don't tread on me," was used as a naval 
flag, and called the " Continental Flag." 

As the war progressed, different regiments and 
corps adopted peculiar flags, by which they were 
designated. The troops which Patrick Henry raised 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 



383 



and called the " Culpepper Minute Men," had a 
banner with a rattle-snake on it, and the mottoes, 
"Don't tread on me," and "Liberty or death," to 
gether with their name. Morgan's celebrated rifle- 
men, called the " Morgan Rifles," not only had a 
peculiar uniform, but a flag of their own, on which 
was inscribed, " XL Virginia Regiment," and the 
words, " Morgan's Rifle Corps." On it was also the 
date, 1T76, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. 
Wherever this banner floated, the soldiers knew that 
deadly work was being done. 

When the gallant Pulaski was raising a body of 
cavalry, in Baltimore, the nuns of Bethlehem sent 
him a banner of crimson silk, with emblems on it, 
wrought by their own hands. That of Washington's 
Life Guard was made of white silk, with various 
devices upon it, and the motto, " Conquer or die." 

It doubtless always will be customary in this 
country, during a war, for different regiments to have 
flags presented to them with various devices upon 
them. It was so during the recent war, but as the 
stars and stripes supplant them all, so in our revolu- 
tionary struggle, the " Great Union Flag," which 
was raised in Cambridge, took the place of all others 
and became the flag of the American army. 

But in 1777, Congress, on the 19th day of June, 
passed the following resolution : " Resolved, That 



384 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen 
stripes, alternate red and white, that the union be 
thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, representing a 
new constellation." A constellation, however, could 
not well be represented on a flag, and so it was 
changed into a circle of stars, to represent harmony 
and union. Red is supposed to represent courage, 
white, integrity of purpose, and blue, steadfastness, 
love, and faith. This flag, however, was not used 
till the following autumn, and waved first over the 
memorable battle field of Saratoga. 

Thus our flag was born, which to-day is known, 
respected, and feared round the entire globe. In 
1794 it received a slight modification, evidently 
growing out of the intention at that time of Congress 
to add a new stripe with every additional State that 
came into the Union, for it passed that year the fol- 
lowing resolution : ''Resolved^ That from and after 
the 1st day of May, Anno Domini 1795, the flag of 
the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and 
white. That the union be fifteen stars, white, in a 
blue field." In 1818, it was by another resolution 
of Congress, changed back into thirteen stripes, with 
twenty-one stars, in which it was provided that a 
new star should be added to the union on the admis- 
sion of each new State. That resolution has never 
been rescinded, till now thirty-six stars blaze on our 



HISTOET OP THE FLAG. 385 

banner. . The symbol of our nationality, the record 
of our glory, it has become dear to the heart of tlie 
people. On the sea and on the land its history has 
been one to swell the heart with pride. The most 
beautiful flag in the world in its appearance, it is 
stained by no disgrace, for it has triumphed in every 
struggle. Through three wars it bore us on to vic- 
tory, and in this last terrible struggle against treason, 
though baptized in the blood of its own children, not 
a star has been effaced, and it still waves over a 
united nation. 

Whenever the " Star-Spangled Banner " is sung, 
the spontaneous outburst of the vast masses, as the 
chorus is reached, shows what a hold that flag has on 
the popular heart. It not only represents our nation- 
ality, but it is the peojple^s flag. It led them on to 
freedom — it does something more than appeal to 
their pride as a symbol of national greatness — it 
appeals to their affections as a friend of their dearest 
rights. We cannot better close this short history of 
our flag than by appending the following stirring 
poem of Drake : 



When freedom from her mountain height 
Unfurled her standard to the air, 

She tore the azure robes of night, 
And set the stars of glory there I 
25 



36C) NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

She mingled witli its gorgeous dyes 
The milky baldric of the skies, 
And striped its pure celestial white 
With streakings of the morning hght; 
Then, from his mansion in the sun, 
She called her eagle-bearer down, 
And gave mto his mighty hand 
The symbol of her chosen land I 

Majestic monarch of the cloud 

Who rear'st aloft thy regal form, 
To hear the tempest trumping loud 
And see the lightning lances driven, 

When strive the warriors of the storm. 
And rolls the thunder drum of heaven, 
Child of the sunl to thee 'tis given 

To guard the banner of the free ; 
To hover in the sulphur smoke. 
To ward away the battle stroke; 
And bid its blendings shine afar. 
Like rainbows on the cloud of war — 

The harbmger of victory 1 

Flag of the brave! thy folds shall fly, 
The sign of hope and triumph high. 
When speaks the signal trumpet tone, 
And the long line comes gleaming on, 
(Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet, 
Hath dimmed the glittering bayonet,) 
Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn 
To where thy sky-born glories bum, 



HISTOET OF THE FLAG. 387 

And, as his springing steps advance, 

Catch war and vengeance from the glance ; 

And when the cannon's mouthings loud 

Heave in wild wreaths the battle shroud, 

And gory sabres rise and fall, 

Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall; 

Then sha.l thy meteor glances glow. 

And cowering foes shall shrink beneath 
Each gallant arm that strikes below 

That lovely messenger of death. 

Flag of the seas 1 on ocean wave 
Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave. 
When death, careering on the gale. 
Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail, 
And frightened waves rush wildly back, 
Before the broadside's reeling rack. 
Each dying wanderer of the sea. 
Shall look at once to heaven and thee, 
And smile to see thy splendor fly, 
In triumph o'er his closing eye. 

Flag of the free, heart's hope and home ! 

By angel hands to valor given ; 
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome. 

And all thy hues were born in heaven I 
Forever float that standard sheet'I 

Where breathes the foe but falls before us? 
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. 
And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us? 



388 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



IMPOETANT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLIOK 

For a Chronology of Battles, see page 280. 



1§59. 

Oct. 16. John Brown and fifteen white men and five negroes 
seize the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, and kill four of the in- 
habitants. 

Oct, 17. The militia and Federal troops besiege Brown and 
his men in the armory. 

Oct. 18. The armory captured by Colonel R. E. Lee (now 
G-eneral). Twelve of Brown's men killed. Brown and 
four men taken prisoners. 

Nov. 30. South Carolina Legislature ofier resolutions, that 
she is ready to enter with other States into the formation 
of a Southern Confederacy. 

Dec. 2. John Brown and two negroes hung at Charlestown, 
Va. 
1§60. 

April 23. The Democratic National Convention assemble at 
Charleston, S. C, and adjourn to meet at Baltimore, June 
18. The Southern Delegates secede, and meet at aame 
time and place. 



<( 


u 


u 


u 


u 


u 



IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 389 

May 9. The Constitutional Union Convention meet at Balti- 
more, and nominate John Bell for President, and Edward 
Everett for Vice-President. 
May 18. The Republican Convention at Chicago nominate 
Abraham Lincoln for President, and Hannibal Hamlin for 
Vice-President. 
June 23. The National Democratic Convention at Baltimore 
nominate Douglas and Fitzpatrick. The Seceders nom- 
inate Breckinridge and Lane. 
Dec. 5. The U. S. Treasury suspends specie payment. 
" 20. South Carolina " Ordinance of Secession " passed. 
1§61. 
Jan. 9. Mississippi " 

" 11. Alabama « 

" 11. Florida « 

" 19. Georgia " " " 

" 26. Louisiana " « " 

" 21. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, withdraws from the 

U. S. Senate. 
" 29. Secretary Dix's despatch to New Orleans, " If any one 
attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on 
the spot." 
Feb. 1. Texas Ordinance of Secession passed. 
" 9. Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stephens elected President 
and Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy by the 
Convention at Montgomery, Ala. 
April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumter — the first gun fired 
of the Rebellion — ^^ nobody hurV^ 
" 15. President Lincoln calls for 75,000 three months' 

volunteers. 
" 16. The Confederate Government calls for 32,000 men. 



390 THE KATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

April 16. Virginia " Ordinance of Secession" passed in secret 
session. 
" 16. N. Y. Legislature appropriates $3,000,000 for war 

purposes. 
* 17. Jefferson Davis grants letters of marque. 
" 19. Sixth Massachusetts Regiment mobbed in Balti- 
more while en route to Washington. 
" 19. President Lincoln orders the blockade of Southern 

ports. 
" 20. Governor Brown, of G-eorgia, by proclamation, pro- 
hibits the payment of all debts to Northern creditors till 
the end of hostilities. 
May 6. Arkansas " Ordinance of Secession " passed. 
" 21. North Carolina " " " 

" 24. Colonel Ellsworth shot at Alexandria, Ya. 
" 30. Secretary Cameron declares slaves contraband of war. 
June 3. Hon. S. A. Douglas died at Chicago. His dying mes- 
sage to his son was, " Tell them to obey the laws, and 
support the Constitution of the U. S." 
" 8. The Sanitary Commission authorized and appointed by 

the Government. 
" 24. Tennessee secedes by a vote of 104,913 for, and 
32,134 against. 
July 8. $5,000,000 loaned the Government in five hours by 
N. Y. merchants. 
" 10. President Lincoln calls for 500,000 volunteers. 
Aug. 14. All Union men notified by Jefierson Davis to leave 
the Confederate States in forty days. 
*' 16. The President issues a proclamation confiscating rebel 
property. 
Nov. 8. Captain Wilkes, of the U. S. steamer San Jacinto. 



IMPORTAJ^T EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 391 

captures Mason and Slidell, rebel emissaries, on board 
the English steamer Trent. 
Nov. 19. The First "Stone Fleet" sailed for the South from 
Connecticut and Massachusetts. 
" 20. Kentucky, in State Convention, adopts an Ordinance 
of Secession. 
Dec. 4. John C. Breckinridge expelled from the U. S. Senate. 
" 20. The main channel of Charleston Harbor obstructed by 

sinking sixteen vessels of the " Stone Fleet." 
" 26. The Cabinet Council at Washington decide to give 

up Mason and Slidell. 
" 28. New York banks suspend specie payments. 
1§63. 
Feb. 1. The President authorized by Act of Congress to take 
possession of all the railway and telegraphic lines when 
required for military purposes. 
" 14. Commodore Foote receives his death-wound in an en- 
gagement at Fort Donelson. 
March 8. The first Iron-Clad Naval Engagement between the 

Monitor and Merrimac. 
•Aug. 9. Recruiting brisk, and drafting in several States — 
travelling restricted by order of Government to prevent 
fugitives escaping. 
Sept. 22. 'The President issues his Emancipation Proclamation 
to take effect January 1, 18G3. 
" 24. The President suspends the writ o^ Habeas Corp^is. 
1§63. 
Feb. 16. The Senate pass the Conscription Bill, and on the 25th 

the House pass the same. 
July 13. Great Draft Riot in New York — continues four days. 
The Colored Orphan Asylum and a number of buildings 



302 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

burned. Twenty-five of the militia and police killed oi 
wounded, and 150 of the rioters. 

1§64. 
June 5. Fremont and Cochrane nominated for President and 
Vice-President, but subsequently resign. 

" 8. The Baltimore Convention nominate Lincoln and 
Johnson for President and Vice-President. 

" 19. The Pirate Alabama sunk by the Kearsarge off the 
coast of France. 
Nov. 8. Lincoln and Johnson elected President and Vice- 
President. 

" 25. Hotels in New York burned by Southern incen- 
diaries. 

1§65. 
Jan. 31. General R. E. Lee appointed Commander-in-Chief of 

Rebel forces by Jefferson Davis. 
Feb. 4. Failure of the Peace Negotiations with Rebel Commis- 
sioners. Grold in Richmond 4,400. 
March 11. The President orders the disfranchisement of non- 
reporting deserters. 
April 3. Evacuation of Richmond. Jefferson Davis at Dan- 
ville, Va., a fugitive. 

" 4. President Lincoln holds a levee in Jefferson Davis' 
house. 

" 7. Grant urges Lee to surrender, to save further effusion 
of blood. 

" 9. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to 
General Grant. 

" 10. Great rejoicing all over the country. 

" 13. Grant advises the draft to be stopped and recruiting 
to cease. 



mPOHTANT EVENTS OE THE REBELLION". 395 

April 14. President Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre, Washing 

ton, by J. Wilkes Booth. 
" 15. President Lincoln dies at 7.20 a.m. Andrew John 

son becomes the seventeenth President. 
" 21. General Kirby Smith by proclamation asserts his 

ability to continue the Rebellion. 
" 26. G-eneral J. E. Johnson surrenders with 27,500 men. 
May 9. President Johnson issues a Peace Proclamation declai- 

ing the war at an end. 

10. Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinville, G-a. 

13. $30,000,000 Seven-Thirty Loan subscribed this day. 



(( 



394 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



CHEONOLOGIOAL TABLE 



Date. 



1861. 

April 12 

" 19 

June 3 

" 16 

u 17 

" 18 

" 20 

» 28 

July 2 

" 4 

" 5 

" 6 

" 8 

" 10 

" 10 

" 12 

» 12 

" 13 

" 17 

" 18 

" 18 

" 21 

" 22 

Aug. 2 

" 5 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Bombardment of Ft. Sumter. 
Riot, Baltimore 



Philippi, Va. 



Seneca Mills, Md 

Boonesville, Mo 

Near Warsaw, Mo 

Big Bethel 



Shorter's Hill, Ya 

Martinsburg 

Harper's Ferry 

Carthage, Mo 

Middle Fork Bridge, Va. 

Burlington, W. Va 

Monroe Station, Mo 

Laurel Hill, Va 



Rich Mountain, Va, 



Barbourville, Va. 
Carrick Ford, Va. 
Scary town, Va. . 



Bull Run 



Kansas Cit}', Mo 

Blackburn's Ford, Va 

Beauregard's rep . 

Federal report. . . 

Forsyth, Mo 

Dug Spring, Mo 

Point of Rocks, Md 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Maj. Anderson.. 



Cols. Kelly and 

Landers 

Maj. Everett... 
G-en. Lyon . . . . . 

Capt. Cook 

Brig.-Gen. Price. 



Gen. Patterson. . 

9th K Y 

Col. Sigel 

45 of the odOhio 



Col, Smith 

Cols. McCook & 

Andrews 

Gen. McClellan. 



Col. Woodruff. , 
Gen. McClellan. 



Maj. Van Horn 

Gen Tyler 

j Gen. Irwin 
I McDowell 
Gen. Sweeny, 
Gen. Lyon . . . 



Confed, 



Gen. Beauregard 



Col. Porterfield, 

Capt. 

Gen. Price 

Gov. Jackson... 

Maj.-Gn. Magru- 

der 



Gen. Johnson.. . 
Price & Jackson. 



Gen. Harris. . . . 

Col. Pegrara 

Col, Pegram .... 



Gen. Garnett. . . 



Gen. Beaureo^ard 



Gen. Price. 



CHEONOLOGIOAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



395 



OF THE WAE. 



Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 






5 w 


Reported, " Nobody hurt." 


3 k 7 w 


7 k. 8 w 


First blood shed of the four year?' 


2k. 2 w. 2 m. ... 


16 k., 26 m 

3 k 


Rebehion. 


2 k. 8 w 

25 k. 52 w. 28 p.. 

16 k. 34 w. 6 m... 
1 k 1 w 


35 k. and w., 30 p. 
45 k. and w 

k.,w..& m. uncer. . 
2 k 




3 k. 10 w 

2 k. 3 w 


30 k. and w., 20 p. 




13 k. 31 w 

Ik 3 w 


250 k. and w 

7 k. and w 

20 k. 40 w 

80 k. and w., 70 p. 


Successful retreat of SigeL 


2 k. 6 w 


Confederates defeated. 




Confederates defeated. 


1 k. 3 w 


Confederates defeated. 


Ilk. 35 w 

1 k 


140 k. 150 w. 150 p. 
12 k 


Capture of 200 tents, 60 wagons, 

and 6 cannon. 
Confederates defeated. 


13 k. 40 vv 

9 k 38 w 9 m . . 


150 k. & w., 800 p. 


Gen. Garnett killed. 

Three Federal colonels and two 


Ik 


20 k. and w 

68 k. and w 

1852 k. and w 


captains captured. 
Confederates defeated. 


83 k. and w 

4500 k., w., and p. 
481k,1011w.700p. 
2w 


Federal loss 28 pieces artillery 
5,000 small arms. 


5k.l0 w 

40 k. 80 w 

3 k. 2 w. 7 p 

1 




9 k 30 w 









s% 



THE NiTlOKAL HAl^D-BOOK. 



Date. 



1861 

Aug. 5 

" 10 

" 13 
" 19 



" 26 

" 29 

Stpc. 1 

" 1 

'' 10 

" 12 

" 13 
12-14 

*' 14 

" 17 



Oct. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



(Athens. Mo. 



Wilson's Creek, Mo. 



Near Grafton, Va. 
Charleston, Mo. . . 



Cross Lanes, W. Va. . . . 

Lexington, Mo 

Bennett's Mills, Mo 

Boone Court House, Ya. 

Cai'nifex Ferry, Va 

Black River, Mo 

Booneville, Mo 

Cheat Mountain, W. Va. 

Kansas City, Mo 

Mariatown, Mo 



Blue Mills Landing, Mo 

Lexington, Mo 

Papinsville, Mo 

Mechanicsville Gap, Va 

Chapmansville, W. Va 

Osceola, Mo 

Lucas Bend, Ky 

Greenbrier, W. Va 

Hillsboro, Ky 

Santa Rosa Island, Fla 

Cameron, Ray Co., Mo 

18 miles N.E. of Lebanon, Mo. 



Beckwith's Farm, Mo . . . 
Big River Bridge, Mo. . . , 

T ronton. Mo 

Big Hurricane Creek, Mo. 

Edwards' Ferry, Va 

Fredericktown, Mo 



Ball's Bluff 

Buffaio Mills, Mo. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Col. Moore. 



Gen. Lyon, 



Capt. Dayton. 
Col, Dougherty 

and Lieut.-Col. 

Ransom.. . . 
Col. Tyler.... 



Gen. Ro^J^c^anz 
Maj. Ga vitt . . . 
Capt. Eppstein. 
Gn.J. J. Reynolds 



Lieut. Col. Scott, 
Col. Mulligan. . . 
Gen. Lane 



Col. Pratt 

Col. Montgomery 



Gn.J.J.Reynolds 
Lieut. Sadler. . 
Col. W. Wilson 
Maj. James.. . . 
Maj. Wright.:. 



Lieut. Tufts. 



Maj. Gavitt. . . . 

Col. Morgan 

Col. E. D. Baker 



Col. Baker. 



Confed. 



Gens. Price and 
McCulloch . . . 



Col. Hunter. 
Col. Reed.., 



Floyd 

Ben. Talbott... , 

Col. Brown 

Gen. R. E. Lee, 



GnD.R.Atchisou 
Gen. Price 



Col. J. W. Davis 



Gn. H.A.Jackson 
Capt. Holliday.. 
Gen, Anderson. . 



Capts. Lowel & 
Wright.. . .. 



GnJff. Thompson 
Gen. Thompson. 



Gen. Evans. . . . 
Jeff. Thompson i 
Col. Lowe. . . . 
Gen. Evans. . .. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



S'J'i 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Eemarks, 



Union. 


Confed. 




10 k and w 

223 k. 721 w.292m 
None 


23 k. 50 W 

421k. 1317 w. 3 m. 
21 k and w 

20 k. and w., 17 p. 


5 wagon-loads of supplies and 40 
horses were captured from the 
Confederates. 

Gen. Lyon killed. 
Confederates routed. 


1 k. 6 w 




15 k. 40 w 30 p. . 


Confederate loss not known. 


5 or 6 w 

3 k. 6 w 


8 k. several w 


Confederate loss not known 


6 w 


30 k . 




16 k. 102 w 


Unknown 

5 k.4 p 


Confederates retreated with small 
loss. 


1 k. 4 w 

13k. 20 w. 60 p.. 


12 k. 30 w 

100 k. & w., 20p.. 
7 k. 6 p 






7 k 


100 horses and their tents and 
supplies were captured. 


100 k. and w 




42k.l08w. 1624 p. 
17 k. 40 w 

3 k. 10 w 

4 k. 8 w ... 


25 k. 75 w 

40 k. 100 p 

15 k. 30 w 

29k. 50 w. 47 p.. 

10 k 

4 k. 5 p 

100 k. 95 w. 13 p.. 

11 k. 29 w. 22 p.. 
100 k. & w. 35 p.. 
8 k. 5 p 

62 k. and w., 30 p. 

12 k. and w 

5 k. and 4 w 

36 k. and w 

14 k 8 p. . . 


And all their tents and supplies. 
Confederates defeated. 
Col. J. W. Davis kUled. 

Confederates routed. 
A drawn battle. 


1 k. 4 w 

None 

8 k. 32 w 

3 k. 3 w 

13 k. 21 w 

1 k, 4 w 


1 k 




2 k. 5 w. 3 m 

1 k. fi w 


Unions burned the bridge. 


11 k. 


14 w .. 




223 k. 250 w. 600 p 

7 k. 60 w 

223k.266w.455m. 


200 k. and w 

Rebel loss heavy . . 
36 k. 264 w. 2 p.. 
20 k. and w. 60 p.. 


Col. Lowe killed, 80 prisoners 

and 4 heavy guns captured. 
Col. Baker killed. 







398 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1861. 

Oct. 23 
" 28 
" 25 
" 2f) 
" 2G 
2 
1 



Nov. 



Dec. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



West Liberty, Ky, 
Hodgesville, Ky, . 
Sprinfyfield, Mo. . 
New Creek, Va . . 

Plattsburo:, Mo 

Platte City, Mo. . , 
Belmont, Mo 



Port Royal, S. C. 



Belmont, Mo. 
Rolla, Mo... 



Piketon, Ky 

New River, Ya 

Guyandotte, Va 

Kansas City, Mo , 

Romney, Va , 

McCoy's Mill, Va. 

Warren.sburg , 

Fort Pickens, Fla 

Lancaster, Va 

Dranesville, Va. 

Black Walnut Creek, Mo. 

Hunter's Chapel , 

Dunksburg, Mo 



Salem, Mo. 



Whip-poor-will Bridge 

Brownsville, Ky 

Dam No. 5, Va 

Olathe, Mo 

Bertrand, Mo 

Camp Alleghany, Va. . 
Mumfordsville, Ky. . . 

Osceola, Mo 

Millford, Mo 



Ky. 



Danesville, Va. 
Hudson, Mo . . . 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Lieut. Grayson 
Maj. Zagonvi. . 
Geii. B. F. Kelley 



Maj. Josephs. 
Gens. Grant & 

McClernand 
Com. Dupont & 

General W. T. 

Sherman .... 
Gen. Grant. . . . 
Col. Grensle. . . . 



Nelson's Brigade 



Col.K.V.Whaley 
Col. Anthony. 



Gen. Benham. 



Col. Moore. . . 
Col. Bayard . . 
Maj. Hough. . 
Gen. Blenker. 



Maj. Bowen . . , 
Home Guards, 



Lt. Col. Rhodes. 
Brig. Gn. Milroy. 



Gen. Pope 

Col. J. C. Davis & 

Gen. Steele. . . 

Gen. E. 0. C. Ord 

Maj. McKee 



Confed. 



Col.A.McDonald 



Silas Gordon, 



Gen. Drayton. 
Gen. Polk.... 



Gn. Floyd's array 



Lt. Col. Blanton , 



Capts. Young & 
Wheatley 

Cols. Freeman & 
Turner 



GnT.C.Hindman 



Col. E. Johnson. 
Gen. Bragg 



Gen. Stuart. . , . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



399 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 






10 k. 5 w. 6 p 

3 k. 5 w 




3 w 


Lieut.Grayson severely wounded. 

Confederates routed. 

Col. Angus McDonald captured. 


48 k. 27 w. 
2 k. 14 \v 


10 m. 


106 k. 27 p 

10 k. 15 w 

S k. 12 p 

13 k. and w., 30 p. 

155 n 








89 k. 150 w. 


150 m 

500 p. 

185 m. 




8 k. 23 w. 2 

84k.288vv. ' 


k.& w. not reported. 
261k.427 vv.278m. 
On 


2,600 Confed. prisoners & 42 guns. 
600 head of cattle 40 horses and 


6 k. 24 w 


400k.&w.2000p. 


mules captured. 


8 k. 1 w ... 




8 k. 12 w. 45 r> 




Col. Whaley captured. 
Union troops withdrawn. 


8 k. 8 w. . . 






2 k 


12p 




15k 


Col. Crogham killed. 




150p 


2 k. 13 w 






1 k. 2 w 


13k 


Many wounded and prisoners. 


2 w 


2 k. 4 p 


6w 


17 k. 5 p 

4 k. and w. 2 p . . . 

7k.lO w 


Maj. Hough wounded. 
Confederates defeated. 


Ik 






15 k. and w 




Confeds. defeated; loss unknown. 


4 w 




6 k. and w. 11 p.. 
3 k. 5 w 










12k 


Confederates defeated. 


2 k 


3 k. 5 w 




1 k 


16p 




20 k. 1 07 w 


10 m. 


Confeds. report about same loss. 
Confederates defeated. 


10 k. 17 w. . 


33 k. 60 w 

300p 






2 k. 17 w 


1300 p 

75 k. 150 w. 30 p. 
10 k. 17 p 


70 wagons with stores & equipage^ 
Confederates defeated. 


7 k. 61 w 




Confederates defeated. 




1 





400 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



1861. 

Dec. 22 

" 28 
1862. 

Jan. 1 
" 4 

" 7 



j Newport News, Ya. ) 
I New Market Bridge J 
Mount Zion, Mo 



Maj. Schoepf. . . 
Col. Jno. Glover 



Port Royal Ferry, S. C. 
Bath, Va 

Huntersville, W. Ya. . . 



Gen. Stevens. 



Gen. Jackson. 



Blue's Gap, W. Ya 

30 miles east Sutton, W. Ya. 



Paintsville, Ky. . 
Silver Creek, Mo. 
Prestonburg, Ky. 
Mill Spring, Ky. . 



Maj. "Webster. .. 

Col. Dunning. . . 

Col.H. Anisansel 

Col. Garfield... 
Maj. Torrence. . 
Gen. Garfield.. . 
Gen. Thomas. . . 



Hum'y Marshall 
Col. Poindexter. 
Hum'y Marshal] 
Gen. Zollicoflfer. 



Feb. 



" 14 

u 14 

" 14 

" 16 

♦' 18 

" 21 
March 7 



Fairfax Court House, Ya . . . 

Capture of forts on Roanoke 
Island, N. C 



Linn Creek, Ya 

Near Fort Henry, Tenn 



Blooming Gap, Ya 

Flat Lick Ford, Ky 

Fort Donelson 

Capture of Fort Donelson. 



Col. Friedman . . 
Com. Goldsbo- 

rough & Gen. 

Burnside 

Capt. Smith 

Com. Foote and 

Gen. Grant. . . 
Gen. Lander. . . . 
Col. Munday. . . 

Com. Foote 

Gen. Grant 



Gen. Wise. 



Gen. Tilghman. 



Gen. Buckner. . 



Sugar Creek, Ark. 
Independence, Mo. 



Yalverde, N. M . 
Winchester, Ya. 
Pea Ridge, Ark. 



14 



Hampton Roads, Ya. 
New Madrid 



Col. Cranby 

Capt. Cole 

Gens. Curtiss, Si- 
gel, Asboth, & 
Davis 

U. S. war ship 
Cumberland.. 

Gen. Pope 



Quantrell 

Parker. . 
Col. Steele. 



and 



Gens. Yan Dorn, 
Price, McCul- 
loch, and Pike 

Merriraac. ..... 

Gens. McCrogan, 
Stuart, Gauth, 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 



401 





Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Eemarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 


6 w 


10k 




3 k. 46 w 

3 k. 11 w 

3 k. ;so p 


25 k. 150 w. 40 p. 

6 k. 12 w 

7k 

2 k. 7 w 

15 k. 20 p 

22 k. and w 

15p 


90 horses and 106 stand of arms 

were captured. 
Confederates retreated. 
Unions retreated. 
$50,000 worth of army stores 

were captured. 
3 cannon and their wagons were 

captured. 
56 head of cattle and 15 horses 

were captured. 
Confederates dispersed. 
Confederates retreated. 
Confederates retreated. 
C en. Zollicoffer killed, 1200 horses 

<& mules, 100 large wagons, and 

2,000 muskets were captured. 
12 horses captured. 

6 forts, 40 guns, and 3,000 small 

arms were captured. 
32 horses captured. 

including 17 officers. 


None 




2 k. 1 w 


3 k. 10 w 

2 k. 25 w 

39 k. 207 w 

2 w 


12 k. 22 w. 15 p.. 

50 k. 25 p 

192 k. 140 p 

1 k. 12 p 

30 k. 50 w. 2500 p.. 
8 k. 7 w. 17 p 

5 k. 30 p 

13 k, 20 w., 65 p., 
4 k. 4 w. 3 p 


60 k. 150 w 

1 k. 1 w 

39 k. 23 w 

7k 


None 


60 k. and w 


Com. Foote severely wounded. 
Brig, Gen. Buckner captured. 
Gens. Floyd & Pillow escaped. 


446 k. 1735 w. and 
150p 


281k. 1007 w.and 
15,000 p 


13 k. and w 


1 k. 3 w 


3 k 




55 k. 140 w... . . . 




Confederate loss about the same. 


3 w 


6 k. 5 w 


Capt. Cole wounded. 


1351 k. w. anJ m. 
340 k. & drowned 


1100 k. 2500 w. & 
1600 p. 


Gens. McCulloch, Mcintosh, and 

Slack were killed. 
U. S. sloop-of-war Cumberland 
destroyed. 


il k 


100 k . . . 


$100,000 worth of military stores 
captured from the Confeds. 









26 



402 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



1862. 

Mar. 14 
" 14 

•45-18 
" 22 
" 23 
» 26 
" 28 

" 29 

April 5 
6-7 



1-7 

U 

11 
16 

20 
26 



Newbern, N. 

Cumberland Mts., Ky. 



Siege of Island No. 10. 
Independence, Mo. . . . 

Winchester, Va 

Humansville, Mo. . . . 
Vallis Ranch, N. M... 



May 



13 



Warrensburg, Mo. 



Siege of Yorktown, Ya. . 
Pittsburg Lauding, Tenn . 



Corinth, Miss 

Bombardment and capture 

Island No. 10 

Capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga 



Yorktown, Va . . . 
Lee's Mills, Ya.. 
South Mills, N. C. 
Fort Macon, N. C. 

Farmington, Miss. 
Williamsburg, Ya. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Burnside. . 

Col. Carter and 

Lt.Cl.Keigwin 

Com. Foote, . . . 



Gen. Shields. . . 
Col. Slough .'.*.. 
Capt. Thompson 



Gen. McClellan . 
Gens. Grant and 

Buell 

Gen. Sherman. . 
ofiCom Foote and 

Gen. Pope. . . 
Gen. Hunter 



Somerville Heights, Ya. 

Corinth, Miss 

McDowell, W. Ya 



12 m. from Athens, Ala. 
Farmington, Miss 



McDowell, Ya. 



13 
14 
16 
16 
lelNear Trenton, N. C, 



Monterey, Tenn 

Trenton Bridge, N. C. 
On James River 



Gen. McClellan. 

Gen. Reno 

Gens. Burnside 

and Parker... 

Gen. Paine 

Gen. Stoneman. 
Gens Kearney 

and Hooker. . 

Col. Foster 

Maj. Arlington.. 
Gens. Schenck & 

Milroy 

Capt. Connet. . . 
Gen. Pope 



Gens. Milroy 

Schenck, . . 

Gen. Smith. . . 

Col. Amory. . 



Gen. Geary. . . , 
Maj. Fitzsimons, 



Gen. Branch, 



Quantrell 

Gn. T. J. Jackson 



Col. Scurry and 

Maj. Pyron. . . 

Col. Parker 



GeriS. Johnson 
Beauregard . 



Gen. Makad.. 
Col. Olmstead, 



Gen. Lee. . 
Col. White. 



Gen. Longstreet. 



Col. Woodward. 
Gens. Ruggles, 
Price, Y an Dora. 

Gen. Jackson . . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 



403 



Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



91 k. 466 w. 



Ik , 

100 k. 400 w. 



38 k. 54 w. 17 p.. 
2 k 



1614 k. 7721 w. 

3963 m 

15 k 25 w 



1 k. 1 w. . 

20 k. and w 
S2 k. 100 w. 
90 k 



Confed. 



60 k. 200 w. 200 p 
3 k. 6 w. 18p.... 



7 k. 11 p . . . 
600 k. 300 p. 
15 k 



80 k. 100 w. 93 p, 
15 k. 25 p 



3 k. 22 w 

1728 k. 8012 w, 
959m 



17 k. 6300 p. 
3 w. 36U p.. . 



Eemarks. 



1 k. 3 w.. 

2 k. 20 w. 



20 k. 177 w. 
2 k 



25 k. 75 w. 



7 k. 18 w. 

8 k 

7 k. 25 p. 



2073 
29 k 


k & 


w. 


623 p. 


700k.l000w 


300p. 


4w 








30 k 


30 k. 


200 


w 






ft k. 




13 k. . . . 


40 k. 


120 


w 







40 k. 200 w. 

10 k 

10 k 



17 k 20 w 

17 k...,. 

B p 6 k. many w 



forts captured. 

59 horses, 100 guns, and 100 sa- 
bres were captured. 

Confederates defeated. 
Confeds. retreated in disorder. 
Many wounded. 

Confederates retreated. 
Col. Parker and Capt. Walton 
taken prisoners. 



Beauregard's report. 



47 guns and 40,000 pounds of 
powder captured. 



Confederates routed. 
Fort captured. 



Confederate loss heavier. 
Unions '•etreated. 
Maj. Arlington killed. 
Confederate loss computed to be 

much greater. 
Capt. Connet captured. 

Confed. loss much greater 
Unions lost their camp, baggage, 
and stores. 

Confederates defeated. 
A aval engagement. 

Maj. Fitzsimons wounded. 



404 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

1862. 

May 17 

" 18 

" 18 

" 19 

" idO 

" 21 

" 2a 

" 28 

" 24 

" 25 

" 26 

" 27 

" 28 

*^ 29 

» 29 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Corinth 

Near Searey, Ark, 
Princeton, Va . . , 



Newbern, N. C. . . . 

Moorfield, Va 

Near Corinth, Miss. 
Lewisburg. Va, . . . . 



On the Chickahominy 

New Bridge, on the Chicka. 

hominy . , 

Winchester, Va. 



Near Winchester, Va, . . , 
Near Hanover C. H., Va. 



Corinth, Miss 

Hanover Court House 
Pocotaligo, S. C. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Osterhaus. 
Gen. Cox 



Lt. Col. Downey 
Col. Sedgwick. . . 
Col. Cook 



Confed. 



Humphrey Mar- 
shall 



Gen. Heath . . , 



4th Mich 

Gen. N.P.Banks 



Col. Cluseret. 



Col. Purcell . . . 
Gen. Morell. . . 



30 Corinth, Miss iGen. Halleck . 

I 
30 Front Royal, Va 



" 31 'Near Washington, N. C 

" 3VFair Oaks, Va 

I 
June 1 1 Between Strasburg and Staun- 

I ton, Va 

1 Fair Oaks, Va., continued. . . , 



Gen. McClella 



Gen. Fremont. . 



10 



Near Jasper, Tenn jGen. Negley . . 

Cross Keys, Va Gen. Fremont. 



Port Republic, Va. 
James Island 



I2iNear Village Creek, Ark 

14 On James Island, S. C 

16|0u James Island, Secession- 
ville, S. C 



Gen. Shields. . . 



Col. Brackett. 



5th La 

Gens. Ewell and 

Johnson 

Gen. Jackson. . . 



Gen. Branch.. . . 
Gen. Beauregard 



Gn. J.E. Johnson 



Gen. Jackson . . . 



Gen. Adams . . . 
Gen. Stonewall 

Jackson 

Gen. Jackson. . 



Gen. Benhara 



Capt. Hooker., 
Col. Lamar, . . . 



CHKONOLOGICAL TaBLE OF THE WAR. 



405 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




10 k. 31 w 


1 2 k. many w . . . . 


Confederate loss about 100. 


80 k. 70 w... .... 




Cox defeated. 


6 k 


11 k 






4 k. 12 p 






25 k 




10k.40w. 8miss'g. 
Ik. 6 w 


100 p 


4 cannons and 200 stand of arms 


15 w. 31p 

50 k. and w., 37 p. 


captured from the Confeds. 
Many Confederates killed. 


10 k 




Banks retreated. 


1w 


25 p 


Confed. killed and wounded un- 


54 k. 194 w. & m. 


known. 
Confed. loss between 200 and 300 


25 k. and w 


30 k 


k. and w.. and 500 pris. 
Confed. killed left on the field. 


53 k. 326 m 

11 k 


400 k. &w., 600 p. 
20 k. and w 






2000 prisoners and large supplies 

taken. 
6 officers were captured, 2 en- 


8 k. 5 w 


20 k. & w., 156 p.. 
11 k 


2w 


gines, and 11 cars. 
Confederates defeated. 


890 k. 3627 w. and 
1222 p 

1 2 k. and w 


2800 k. 3897 w... 




5739 loss 


8000 k. and w 

12 k. & w., 25 p.. 

6ook.&w : 


Confederates defeated. 


125 k. 500 w 

67 k. 361 w. and 
574 m 


Confederate loss considerable. 
Union troops retreated. Con- 
federate loss about 1000. 


4:k. 13 w 

13 w 


15 k. 2 w 

28 k., w., and p. . . 
17 k. 8 w 

40 k. 100 w 


Confederate killed and wounded 
left on the field. 


3 k. 19 w 

685 k., w., andp.. 


Unions defeated. 



406 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gageuients, and Skiruiishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



1862. 


June 


18 


a 


25 


« 


26 


" 


27 


'« 


27 


(( 


27 


July 


1 
23 


(( 


24 


(( 


25 


(( 


28 


<( 


29 


Aug 


2 
5 


u 


5 


it 


6 


i( 


7 


(t 


7 


(( 


7 


t( 


9 


a 


11 


(( 


11 


<( 


11 


(( 


11 


i( 


12 


a 


15 


it 


16 


u 


19 


u 


20 


u 


20 


tl 


21 


it 


22 


u 


25 


u 


27 


u 


28 



Near Smithville, Ark 

Oak Grove, Va 

Chickahoruiny , 

Near Richmond 

Gaines' Mills, Va 

Village Creek, Ark 

Malvern Hill, Va. (7 days.). . 
Florida, Mo 



Vlaj. Zeley. . . . , 
Gen. Hooker. . , 

McClellan 

Gen. McClellan. 
Gen. Porter. . . , 
Col. Brackett. . . 
Gen. McClellan. 
Maj. Caldwell . . 



Capt. Jones. 
Gen. Lee . . . 
Gen. Lee . . . 
Gen. Lee . . . 
Gen. Lee. . . 



Gen. Lee . . 
Col. Porter 



Near Decatur, Ala 

Near Orange C. H., Va, 
Moore's Mills. Mo 



Capt. Harman. 
Gen. Gibson. . . 



Cols. Porter and 
Cobb 



Brownsville, Tenn. 
Orange C. H., Va 
Baton Rouge, La.. 



Capt. Dollin 

Gen. Crawford.. 
Gen. Williams . . 



Malvern Hill, Va 

Near Mattapony River, Va. . . 

Fort Filmore, K M , 

Near Trenton, Tenn 

Kirkville, Mo 

Cedar Mountain, Va , 

11 miles east of Helena, Ark, 

Compton's Ferry, Mo 

Kinderhook, Tenn 

Clarendon, Ark 

Gallatin, Tenn , 



Gen. Hooker. . . 

Generals Gibbon 

and Cutter. . . 

Col. Canby 



Gen. J. C. Breck- 
inridge 



Col. McNeiU . 
Gen. Banks. . 



Merriwether's Landing, Tenn . 

Low Jack, Mo , 

Near Hickman, Mo 

Edgefield Junction, Tenn . . . , 



Col. Guitars. . . . 
Col. McGowan.. 
Gen. Hovey. . . . 
Col. MUler. . . 

Col. T. W. Harris 
Maj. Foster. . . . 
Capt Moore. . . . 



Gen. Stuart . . . . 

Col. Sibley 

Capt. Faulkner. 

Col. Porter 

Gen. Jackson. . . 
Jeff. Thompson. 
Col. Poindexter. 
Anderson 



Col. J. H. Mor- 



gan , 

Capt. Barlield. 
Col. Coffee . . . , 



Near Union Mills, Mo. 
Pincknoy's Island, S. 0. 
Near Gallatiu, Tenn. . . 



Maj. Price, 



CoL J. H. Mor- 
gan 



Gen. Johnson, 



Morgan. 



Attack on Fort Donelson 

Kettle Run, Va 

Ready ville, Tenn 



Gjn. Hooker. . . 
Col. Murphy . . . 



Col. Woodward. 

Gen. Ewell 

Gen. Forrest . . . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAft. 



407 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




8 k. 4 w 


4 w. 15 p 


Capt. Jones captured. 

Confed. loss much the heaviest. 

Confederates retreated. 


200 loss 


80 k. 150 w 


Over 1000 


7500 k., w. & m.. . 
2 k. 31 w 


About the same.. . 




About 1000 


About 3000 


Ppf^ Praia fJpfpaf.pfl ■wif.li a. Innci Ckf 




10 k. 30 w 


26 men. 


5 k. 12 w. & p . . 




10 k. 30 w 

4 k. 6 w 


52 k. 100 w 

lu k. & w., 11 p.. . 


Confed. w. left on the field. 


4k 12 w . 




250 k., w., and m. 


600 k., w., and m . 


Gen. Williams killed. Tht. Con- 
federates were defeated. 


•721, 










Confederate troops defeated. 




2(» k. 3() w 




Confederate troops defeated. 
Confederates repulsed. 


1500 k., w., and p 


1000 k. 1500 w... 




100 k. &w., 200 p. 

7 k. 27 p 

600 p 










Confederates defeated. 




6 k. and many w. . 

20 k. 9p 

110 k, andw 

4 k. 19p 

7 k. 20 w 

1 k 4 p 








60 k. 100 w 

2 w 








4 k 3 w 


16 horses captured. 


3 k., 3 W., 32 p. . . 




64 k. 100 w. 200 p 




Gen. Johnson and his staff cap- 




tured. 
Confed. repulsed with heavy loss. 


A.bout 800 k. & w. 


800k.&w., lOOup. 


Confeds. driven from the field. 
Confederates defeated. 









408 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



1862. 



29 



" 30 

29-30 

" 80 

Sept. 1 

" 1 

" 2 

" 2 

" 4 

" 4 

" 6 

' 6 

" 6 



" 7 
" 8 
" 9 



6 miles west of Centre ville,Va. 
Groveton, Va 



2d Bull Run., 



Gens. McDowell 
and Sigel. . . . 

Gens. Hooker, 
Sigel, Kear- 
ney, Reno, and 
King 

Gen. Pope. . . 



Richmond, Ky 



Bolivar. Tenn 

Britton's Lane, Tenn. 
Chantilly, Va 



Gens. Mason and 

Craft 

Col Leggett. . . 
Col. Dennis. . . . 
Gen. Pope. . . . 



Near Plymouth, N. C. . . 
Near Slaughterville, Ky. 

Fort Ridgely, Minn 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 

Washington, N. C 

Near Martinsburg, Va . . 
Washington, N. C 



Sergt. Green . . 
Lt.-Col. Foster. 



Gen. Jackson. . . 



Gens. Jackson 

and Longstreet 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. E. Kirby 

Smith 

Gen. Armstrong 
Gen. Armstrong 
Gens. Jackson, 
Ewell, and Hill 
Col. Garret 



Indians 



Gen. Jul. White 



Capture of Shepherds ville, Ky. 

Near Poolesville, Md 

Williamsburg, Va 



Edwards' Ferry, on the Poto- 
mac 

Fayette, Va 

Near Coldwater, Miss 

Middletown, Md .... 

ciouth Mountain, Md 



Maj. Chapman. 
CoL Campbell. . 



Gen. Keves. . 

CoLSiber 

Col. Grierson . 



CoL Shingle. 



Gen. Stuart. 
Gen. Lormg. 



Mumfordsville, Ky , 

Greene River, Ky , 

Harper's Ferry (3 days siege). 



Gens. Hooker & 

Reno 

Col. Wilder... 



Gen. Lee , 

Gen. Duncan . . , 



Col. MUes. 



Near Durhamville, Tenn 

Falmoutli, on Ky. Cen. R.R. 
Near Florence, Ky. 



Lieut. R. Griffin. 

Col. Berry 

Maj. Foley. . . . 



Gen. A. P. HiU. 
Lt. CoL Faulkner 



CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



409 



Killed, Wounded, aud Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 








Confeds. driven back with loss 
and many prisoners. 

Confederates defeated. 

Confederates routed. 
Confederates defeated, 
Heavy loss on both sides. Death 
of Gens. Kearney and Stearns. 


6000 k. and w 

800 k., 4000 w., & 

3000 p. 

200 k., 700 w., 

2000 p 

5 k., 18 w., 64 m 


12,000 k., w.,&m. 
700 k. 3000 w. . . . 
250 k. 500 w 


200 k. and w 

1300 k. &w. 


180 k. 220 w 

800k.&w 

30k.40 p 

3 k., 2 w., 25p... 






13 k. 47 w 










8 k. 36 w 


33 k. 100 w 

50 p. besides k.&w 
30 k. 36 p 




2 k. lOw 


Federal gunboat exploded her 
magazine during the engage- 
ment. 18 killed <fc wounded. , 


85 T). 


1 k. 8 w 


7 k 


Confederates defeated. 


5 capta., 4 lieuts., 
and Capt. Camp- 
bell D. 


8 k. CoL Shingle k. 




Confederates repulsed with the 
loss of 90 men. 


100 k and w.. . . . 




Federals defeated. 




4 k. 80 w. 




80 k and w. 




443k.1806w.76m. 


500 k., 2343 w., & 
1500 p 


Gen. Reno killed. 






Confederates defeated. 


80 k., 120 w., and 

11,583 p 

2 k. 10 w 

1 w 


1500 k. andw 

8 k. 20 w. 

2 k. 4w. 1 p 

5 k 7 w 


Federals surrender. Col. Miles 
killed. 


1 Ic. 1 -w 











410 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

1862. 

Sept. 17 
" 17 
"19-20 
"19-20 

" 20 

" 21 

" 21 

" 21 

" 22 

" 22 



" 30 

" 30 

Oct. 1 

" 1 



3 
3-5 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Antietam, Md. . 
Leesburg, Va. . . 
luka, Miss. . . . 
Owensboro, Ky. 



Near Shirley's Ford, Mo. 

Oa Potomac 

Mun fords ville, Ky 

ShepherdsvUle, Ky 

Sturgeon, Mo 



Asliby's Gap, Va 

Yellow Medicine River, Minn . 



Sharps burg, Md. 



Newionia, Mo 

Russellville, Ky 

Gallatin, Tenu , 

Shepherdstown and Martins 

burg, Va 

On Blackwater River, near 

Franklin, Va 



Blackwater, near Franklin, Va, 
Near Corinth, Miss 



Near Charlestown, Va 

Lavergne, Teun 

Near Sibley's Landing, Mo . 



Chaplin Hills, Perryville, Ky. . 
Near Lawrenceburg, Ky 



Near Helena, Ark 

Stanford, Ky , 

Carsville, Va , 

Near Charlestown, Va., 
Thoroughfare Gap, Va- , 
Woodville, Tenn 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. McClellan. 
Col. Kilpatrick.. 
Gen.Rosecrans. 



Col. Ritchie 

Col. Barnes 

Col. E. McCook, 
Col. Granger. . , 
Maj. Hunt 



Col. R. B. Price, 
Col. Sibley 



Gen. Solomon. 
Col. Harrison. 
CoL Stokes... 



Gen. Pleasanton 
Corns. Perry, 
Hunchback, 
& Whitehead. 

Col Spears 

Gens. Ord, Hurl 
but, & Veatch 



Gen. Palmer. 



Gen. BueU. 



Col. Parrott. . . 
Maj. Rector. . . 



Lieut. Williams , 
Gen. Hancock . , 

Gen. Stahl 

Maj. J.J.Mudd, 



Confed. 



Gen Lee. 



Gen. Price. 



Capt. Cunning- 
ham 

Lieut. Col. Green 
Indiana 



Col. Cooper. . . 



Col. Bennett 

Gen. Hampton. . 



Capt. Flusser. . . 



Gens. Price, Van 
Dorn, & LovelL 

Robertson's Bat. 

Gen. Anderson. 

Quantrell and 
Childs 

Gen. Bragg. . . . 

Gen. Smith .... 
Col. Giddings. . . 



Haywood. 



CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



411 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




12,500 loss 


15,000 loss 


Confederates defeated. 

(^r»nfprlprflfp<5 Hfifpflt.pd 


135 k. 527 W 

2 k 18 w 


263k.400w.600p. 


Confederates defeated. 

Fpdpral Col Webber b Con- 




60 or 70 k and w. 


feds, defeated with severe loss. 


150 k., w., and p.. 












5 k, 28 p 






Confederates defeated. 




3 p 


Lieut. Col. Green captured. 

30 Indians killed and many- 
wounded ; 4 whites killed and 
30 wounded. 

Confederates dispersed, and a 
squad of them captured. 










50 k. & w., 100 p. 




35 k. 10 p 

40 k., 39 p., and 

many w. . 

60 k. and w., 9 p. . 








12w. 3 p 

19 k. and w 






30 or 40 k. and w. 

1423 k., 5692 w., & 

2268 p 


Confederates defeated. 


315 k., 1812 w., & 
232m 








18 k. and w 


10 k. and w 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 


3200 k. w. and m.. 


1300 k., 3000 w., & 
200 p 


Con feds, retreated ; great loss. 
Confederates defeated with con- 


6 k. 18 w. 




3 k. 9 w. 


9p 


siderable loss. 
Confederates defeated. 




several k. 14 p 






Federals defeated. 


1 k. 8 w. 


9 w. and p 

100 p 










40 p 


100 horses and mules captured. 







412 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Dat«. 



1862. 

Oct. 22 

" 22 



Nov. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Pocotaligo, S. C. 
Van Buren, Ark. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Brannon. 
Maj. Lazear . . . 



23 Waverlej, Tenn Maj. Blott. 

2B Shelby Depot, Tenn Col. Stuart. 

24 Manassas Junction, Va. 

24 Grand Prairie, Mo Maj. F. G. White 

27 Putnam's Ferry, Mo Col. Lewis .... 

27 Donaldson ville, La Gen. Weitzel. . 

28jFayetteville, Ark Gen. Herron. . . 

295 miles from Petersburg, Va.. Lt.-Col. Isvvick. 



29 Near Butler, Mo. 
3 in Webster Co., Ky, 



" 28 

" 29 

Dec. 1 



Lamar, Mo , 

Near Nastiville, Tenn, 
Warrenton, Va 



Piketon, Ky 

Hudson ville, Miss. . . 
Near Maiiauua, Ark. . 



Fredricksburg, Va. . . 
tiuntsville, Tenn. . . . 
Near Lebanon, Tenn, 



Near La Grange, Tenn. 
Holly Springs, Miss. .. 



Fayettevilie, Va 

Rural Hills, Tenn 

Cove Creek, N. C 

Bayou Boutouca, near Fort 

Pike, La 

Near Winchester, Va 

Cold Knob Mountain, Va 

Near La Vergne, Tenn 



Kane Hill, Ark 

Snicker's Gap, Va 

Near Cliarlestown, Va. 



Col. Seaman. 
Col. Foster. . 



Gen. Negleys. . 
Gen. Reynolds. 



Col. Dills 

("ol. Lee 

Capt. L. M. Per- 
kins 

Capt. Dahlgren. 

Capt. Duncan.. . 

Capts. Kennett 
and Wolford. . 

Col. Lee 

Col. Lee 



Gen. Sturgis. . . 
Col. Hawkins.. . 
Lieut. -Col. Mix. 



Capt. Darling.. . 
Capt. Harkins. . 
Col. J. C. Paxton 
Cols. Hurd and 

Dodge 

Gen. Blunt . . 

Gen. Stalil 

Gen. Slocum. . . 



Confed. 



Gen. Beauregard 
Col. Boon 



Col. Craven , 

Stuart's cavalry. 
Cockerill , 



Quantrell . . . 
J. H. Morgan. 



Morgan's men. 



Capt. Evans. . . . 



Gn. Marmaduke 



White and Hen- 
derson 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAH. 



413 





Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




30 k 


180 w 




Confed. loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated with con- 
siderable loss. 








1 k 


5 w. 


40 k. and w., 30 p. 
S or 10 k. audw.. 








n p 

3 w 








8 k. 20 w 

several k. 40 p. . . 
6 k. 1.0 w. :i08 p... 
8 k 








18 k 


74 w 


Confederates defeated. 




lb p 


200 cattle captured. 

3 Confederate lieutenants and 40 


8 k. 


10 w 


30 k. and w ^ 

ZO D 






horses and carts captured. 


5 k. 


19 w 


23 p 






7 p 


150 muskets and 40 horses and 




SO p 


wagons captured. 




16 k. 175 p 

k. several w . . . 
39 p 




1 w 






Confederates defeated 




ti k. several w 

7 k. 125 p 

16 k. 134 p 

4 k. several cap- 
tured 






- 












\ 












16 k 


T eff r>ntV>t»fif>lH 






Confederates defeated. 


1 w 


4 k. several w 

4 k 




30 horses captured. 
Confederates defeated. 




100 p 

Several k 


lOw 










Confederates defeated. 




45 k. 40 p 

5 k. 18 w 






Confederates defeated. 







414 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 



Dec. 



" 12 

" 12 

*' 1-2 

" 13 

" 13 

•• 14 

«* 17 

« 18 

" 21 

" 24 
" 25 

" 27 

" 28 

27-29 

" 30 

1863. 

Jan'y 2 



" 9 

" 10 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Franklio, Va 

Near Cliarlestown, Va. . . . 

Oxford, Miss 

Helena, Ark 

Prairie Grove, N. W. Ark. 



Hartsville, Teun 



Near Corinth, Miss. . . 
Nf-ar Kingston, N. C. 

Franklin, Tenii 

Fredericksburg, Va... 



Tuscumbia, Ala 

Kingston, N. C 

Goldsboro, N. C 

Lexington, Ky 

Davis Mills, Wolf River, Miss. 

Near Munfordsville, Ky 

Near Munfordsville, Ky 

Dumfries, Va 



Elkford, Ky 

Vicksburg, Miss 

Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn. . . 

Stone River, or Murfreesboro, 
Tenn 



Near La Grange, Ark. 
Springfield, Mo 



Ripley, Tenn . . 
SuQblk, Va. . . . 
Hartsville, Mo. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Col. Spear . , 
Gen. Geary 
Col. Hatch . 



Gens. Blunt and 
Herrou 



Col. A. B. Moore 

Col. Sweeney. . . 
Gen. Foster . . . 
Gen. A.S.Stanley 
Gen. Burnside. . 



Gen. Foster. . . . 
Gen. Foster. . . . 
Col. B. G. Inger- 

soll 

Col. K. H.Morgan 

Capt. Dickeys,. . 

Col. Gray 

Col. C. Candy.. 



Maj. Foley. . . . 
Gen. Sherman. 
Gen. Sullivan., 



Gen. Rosecrans. 

Gen.Washburne 

Gen. Brown and 

Col. Crabb . . . 

Capt. Moore. . . . 
Gen. Corcoran . 
Col. Merritt 



Confed. 



Gens. Hindman, 
Marmaduke, 
Parsons, and 
Frost 

Gen. J. H.Mor. 
gan 

Col. Roddy 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Evans. . 
Gen. Evans. . 

Gen. Forrest. 
Gen. Van. . . . 



Gen. Morgan. . . 

Gen. Morgan. . . 

Gens. Stuart & 

FitzHugh Lee. 



Gen. Johnston.. 
Gen. Forrest .... 



Gen. Bragg. 



Gens. Marma* 
duke and Bur- 
bridge 

Lt.-Col. Dawson. 

Gen. Pryor 

Gen. Marmaduke 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



415 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



20 k. and w 



495 k. 600 w. 

55 k. lOa w., 
Ik. 2 p 



1 k 

1512 k., 6000 w., & 

2078 p 

4 k. 14 w 

90 k. 478 w 



40 k. 



23 p 

10 k. and w. 



191 k.982 w.756m 
200 k. and w 



1533 k., 6000 w. 



17 k. 50 w... 

3w 

Fed. loss 104. 
35 k andw. . 



Confed. 



70 k. & w., 145 p. 

92 p 

8 k. 30 p 



1500 k. and w 

Loss about the 

same 

11 k. 30w 

400 p 

5 k. 10 w 



Loss 1800 

70 p 

71k. 268 w., 400 p. 



2 k., 30 w., 20 p. 



k. 22 w 



30 or 40 k. andw. 
80 k., 176 w., 51 p. 



600 w. 



10 k. and w., 10 p. 



Eemarks. 



8 k., 20 w., 46 p.. 



Confed. defeated with severe loss. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates repulsed. 



Confederates defeated. 

Federals surrendered. 

13 pieces artillery, etc., captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals repulsed. 
Confederates routed. 
13 pieces of artillery captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated. 

100 stand of Confederate arms left 

on the field. 
Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates routed. 
80 Confederate horses captured. 
Confederate loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confeds. defeated. Their I033 
over 10,000, of which 9,000 
were killed and wounded. 



Confederate loss 200. 
Confederates defeated. 



150 k. andw. 150 p 



41G 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 


1863. 


Jan'y 1 1 


« 


26 


(( 


30 


K 


SO 


« 


31 


Peb'y 3| 


" 


3 


(( 


4 


« 


10 


<( 


12 


(( 


15 


({ 


15 


ii 


15 


a 


19 


(i 


20 


(( 


26 


(( 


27 


March l| 


u 


2 


(1 


2 


t. 


4 


" 


6 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Capture of Fort Hiudman, on 
the Arkansas Eiver 



Near Woodbury, Tenn 

Trenton, Tenn 

Deserted House, 9 miles from 

Suffolk, Va 

Near Nashville, Tenn 

Mingo Swamp, Mo 

Fort Donelson, Tenu 



Near Lake Providence, La. . 

Old River, La 

Near Bolivar, Tenn 

Canesviile, Tenu , 



Nolensville, Tenn 

Arkadelphia, Ark 

Coldwater, Miss 

Yazoo Pass 

Woodstock, Va 

15 miles from Newbern, N. 

Bradyville, Tenn 

Near Petersburg, Tenn. . . . 

Aldie, Va . . . 

Chapel Hill, Tenn 

Near Franklin, Tenn 



I( 


1 


i( 


10 


u 


17 


(( 


n 


« 


18 


t( 


20 


l( 


22 


" 


29 


(( 


3<» 


u 


•M) 


4prU 1 


" 


2 


(( 


2 



Unionville, Tenn 

Near Coviugton, Tenn. 

Kelly's Ford, Va 

Near Franklin, Va . . . . 

Berwick Bay, La 

Near Milton, Tenn. . . . 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Adm. Porter and 
Gen. McCler- 
nand 

Gen. Palmer. . 

Col. Wood... 



Gen. Corcoran . 



Maj. Reeder . . . 
Col. Harding. . . 



Capt. Tucker. 



Col. Monroe. . . 

Sergt. Holmes. 
Capt. Brown. . 
Lt.-Col. Wood. 
5th lUinois . . . 



Capt. Jacobs . . . 
Gen. Rosecrans, 



Near Blue Spring, Mo. 
Near Somerville, Tenn . 
Near Somerset, Ky. . . . 
Point Pleasant, W. Va. 

Doanesville, Va 

Woodbury, Tenn 



Capt. Schultze . 
Col. Johnson. . 
CoL Colburn. . . 



Gen. Manly . . 
CoL Grierson. . 
Gen. AverilL. . 

Col. Spear 

Capt. Perkins. 
Col. Hall 



Gen. Gillmore, 



1st Vermont. 
Gen. Hazen. . 



In Jackson Co., Mo Maj. Ransom. 



Confed. 



Gen. Churchill. . 



Capt. Dawson. . 
Gen. Pry or. . . . . 



D. McGee. 
Wheeler 

Forrest . 
"3d La.". 



and 



Morgan's Cav.. . 



Morgan. 



Mosby 

Col. Roger. 
Van Dorn. . 



Gen. Russell. . . 
Col. Richardson. 



Morgan and 
Breckinridge . 
Quantrell 



Pegram 

Gen. Jenkins.. 
Capt. Mosby 



Hicks 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 



417 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Ppmn.rkQ 


Union. 


Confed. 




Nearly 1000 k., w. 

and missing 

2 k. 9 w 


550k.&w. 5000p. 

35 k. 100 p 

34 p. or killed 


Confederates defeated. 




Loss in killed and wounded on 
each side about 60. 


5w.. 


12 k., 12 w., 300 p 
9 k. 20 w 

100 k. 400 w. 300 p 

30 k. and w 

11 k. and w., 25 p. 
4 k. 5 w 






D. McGee killed. 


12 k. 30 w 


Confederates repulsed. 
90 horses taken. 


8k.and w 


Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 




20 k., many w., 6 p. 

8k., 20 w., 4p... 
14 k. 12 w 


50 horses, 300 stand of arms cap- 




tured. 
Confederates defeated. 


2 k. 12 w 

6 k , 3 w., 15 p. . . 


Confederates defeated. 
Federals routed. 


5 w 


6 k. 26p 


Confederates dispersed. 


200 k and p 




Confederates defeated. 


1 w 


3 k. 48p 


Confederates defeated. 


15 k. and w 


8 k., 30 w., 89 p.. 

12 k. 20 w 

3(1 p 


Confederates retreated. 
Confederates defeated. 




Confederates defeated. 




12 k. 72p 

120 k. 300 w 

50 k. 180 w 

25 k. many p.. . . . 
86 p 




100 k., 300 w. and 
1200 p 


Federals defeated. 








Federals defeated. 


Ik. 16 w 




Federals retreated. 




1 k. 20 w 

40 k. 140 w. 12m.. 


Confederates defeated. 


•7 k. 3 w 

9 k 5 m several w 


Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 


40 k. and w 




Confederates defeated. 






Conf. loss 350. 450 cattle capt'rd. 


1 k. 1 w 


12 k. 14 p 




60 k., w., and p. . . 


Federals defeated, 




12 k. 30 w. andp. 
ilk 


Confederates defeated. 













'Zl 



418 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

1863. 

Ipril 2 

" 10 

" 14 

" 19 

" 20 

" 22 



" 26 

May 1 

" 1 

" 1 

" 1 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Snow HUl, Tenn 



Franklin, Tenn . . . 
Bayou Teche, La . . 
Cold water, Tenn . . . 

Patterson, Mo 

Near Strasburg, Va. 



G-en. Stanley. . 
Gen. Granger. 



Cape Girardeau, Mo. 
Near Franklin, Tenn, 



Col. Bryant 

Col. Smart 

Majors McG-ee 
and White . . . 

GTen. McNeil 

Col. Campbell. . . 



Near Suffolk, Va., on the Nan- 

semond River 

Port Gibson, Miss 

Monticello, Ky 



2 Before Fredericksburg, Va. 
2-3 Cnancellorsville, Va 



18- 



June 



Warrenton Junction 

Haiu's Bluff *on the Miss, 

Tupelo, Miss 

Raymond, Miss 

Near Jackson, Miss 

Champion Hill, Miss 

Big Black River, Miss. . . 
Vicksburg, MLss 



Near "Winchester, Va 
Middletown, Tenn ... 
Port Hudson, La. . . . 



Col. Nixon 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Carter . . . 
Capt. De Huff. . 
Gen. Sedgwick. 
Gen. Hooker. . . 

CoL De Forrest. 



Near Doniphan, 



Milliken's Beud, Miss 



Col. Corwyn 

Gen. McPlierson 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Grant 

Gen, Grant and 
Adm. Porter. 

Gen. Milroy 

Gen. Stanley. . . 
Gen. Banks and 
Ad. Farragut. 
Mo Major Lippert. . 



9 1 Beverly Ford, Va. 



141 Winchester, Va 

2l|Near Middleburg, Vf 
21 Hoover's Gap, Tenn 
24 Liberty Gap, Tenn. . 
2(3 South Anna, Va 



Gen. Thomas. 
Gens. Buford & 

Gregg 

Gen. Milroy. . . . 
G-eu Pleasanton 

Col. Hoover 

Gen. Willich... 
Col Spear 



Confed. 



Morton an(? 

Wharton 

Van Dorn 



Marmaduke 

Van Dorn's 

Pickets. . 



Gen. J.S.Bowen 
Col. Morrison.. . 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Mosby. 



Gen. Ruggles. . . 
Gen. Gregg . . . 
Gen. Johnston.. 
Gen. Pemberton 
Gen. Pemberton 

Gen. Pemberton 



Gen. Gardner. 



Gn. McCullough 

Gn.J.E.B.Stuart 

&F. Hugh Lee 

Gen. Ewell 



Gen. W. F. Leo. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



419 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 






15 or 20k. 50 p.. 
300 k. and w 


Confederates defeated. 


100 


Confederates repulsed. 
Confederate loss much greater. 


350 


10 k. 20w 


20 k. 40 


50 k and w 




Federals defeated 


2 


5 k., 9 w., 25 p. . . 




6 k. 6 w 


40 k. 200 W flonffiflfiratfis dpfcatPfl. 




30 k. and w., 11 p. 




41 k. and w 


Confeds. defeated with severe loss 


130 k. 118 w. 5 m. 


1500 k.,w., and p. 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 


41 k., w., and m . . 




Federals defeated. 


2000 k. and w 






15,000 k, and w., 
11,000 p 


18,000 k. and w., 
5000 p 


Confed. defeated with heavy loss. 


80 k. and w 




Naval engagement. 




90 p 


Confederates defeated. 


51 k. 181 w 

40 k. 240 w. 6 m.. 
426 k. 1842 w.... 
29 k. 242 w 


75k. 250 w. 186 p.. 

40() k. andw 

4000 k., w., and m 
2600 


Confederates defeated. 
29 cannon captured. 
17 cannon captured. 


Loss about 2500.. 


Loss not reported. 

6 k. 7 p 

8 k. 90 p 






200 horses captured. 
Federals defeated. 


900 k., w., and m 
80 k., w., and m. . 


600 k., w., audm. 


1 27 k. 287 w. 151m 

380 k., w., and m . 
2000 


200 k. 500 w. & m 

750 k., w., andm. 
850 k., w., and m. 
150 k. andw., 80 p. 


Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 




Confederates defeated. 


45 k. and w 


Confeds.defeated with heavy loss. 


90 k 100 w 




Confeds. defeated with heavy loss. 




110 p 


300 horses, 35 wagons, and their 




commander captured. 



'420 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, aud Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



1863. 

June 26 

July 1 

" 2-3 

4 



Shelbjville, Tenn 

G-ettysburg 

Gettysburg 

Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss. 
Helena, Ark 



Gen. Eosecrans. 

Gen. Meade 

Gen. Mead 

Gen. Grant . . . . 
Gen. Prentiss . . 



Bolton, Miss. 



Gen. Grant. 



" 12 

u 12 

" U 

" 17 

" 18 
"18-19 

" 19 

" 28 
" 26 

Aug. 20 
" 22 

" 28 
Sept. 7 

9 
9 

"19-20 

Oct. 8 

27-28 

Nov. 3 

» 16 

Nov. 17 
to Dec 4 
Nov. 24 



Surrender of Port Hudson, 

Miss 

Near Jackson, Miss 

Jackson, Miss 

Falling Waters, Va 

Elk Creek, Ark 

Honey Springs. Ind. Territory. 

Fort Wagner, S. C 

Wytheville, W. Va 



Gen. Banks 

Col. Hatch 

Gen. Lanmann. . 
Gen. Kilpatrick . 

Gen. Blunt 

Gen. Blunt. . . . 

Gen. Gilmore... 

Cols. Tolland & 

Powell 



Gen. Bragg. . .. 

Gen. Lee 

Gen., Lee 

Gen. Pemberton 

Generals Price, 
Holmes, and 
Marraaduke . . 

Gen. Johnson . . 



Gen. Gardner. . 



Gen. Cooper 

Gen. Cooper. . . . 
Gn. Beauregard. 



Manassas Gap, Va. 
New Lisbon, Ohio. 



Col. Shackleford. 



Chickamauga . . . 
Pocahontas, Ark. 



Warm Spring, Va 
Fort Sumter 



Gen. Morgan . . 

Gen. Bragg. . . . 

Gen. Jeff. C. 

Thompson . . . 



T. H. Stevens. 



Tilford, Tenn 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 



Chickamauga 



Farmiuo:ton, Tenn. . . 
Bristow Station, Va.. 
Brown's Ferry, Tenn . 



Bayou Cokay, La 

Campbell Station, Tenn , 



Kuoxvillo, Tenn . . , 
Lookout Mountain. 



Gen. Burnside.. . 

Gen. Rosecrans. 

Gen. Cook 

Gen. Warren . . . 

Gens, i^mith & 

Hooker. ..... 

Gen. Burbridge. 
Gen. Burnside.. 



Gen. Burnside.. 
Hooker 



Gen. Frazier. . . 

Gen. Bragg. . .. 

Gen. Wheeler. . 
Gen. A. P. HiU 

Gen. Longstree 



Gen. Longstreet 

Gen. Longstreet 
Bragg 



CSEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



421 



Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Confed. 



85 k. 463 w. 13m. 



Total loss '^8, 1 9s. . Total loss 37,(i00. . 
245 k. 3688 w. & 9000 k. & w. and 



303 p. 
250 k., w., and m. 



] 3 k. and w 

300 k. and w 

29 k. 30 w 

10 k. 25 w 

9 k. 50 w 

VOO k., w. and m. 

65 k. and w. . . . 

30 k. 80 w 



114. 



300 p. 



1644 k. 9262 w 

41)45 ra 

29 k. 150 w 

51 k. 329 w 



7(1 k. 339 w. 22 ra. 
18 k. luu w. 559 m 
4Ut) 



600. 



30,000 p. 

50nk. orw.,1000p. 
4(i00 p 



5500 p 

3 k. and w. 



3()0 p. 130 k. &w. 
4o0 k. or w. 60 p. 
50 k. ^75 w. 65 p. . 
500 k. 331 w 



75 k. 150 p 

3()0 k. or w., 60 p. 



100 p. 
2i 0.. 



!OUOp. 



17,000 k., T^., &ra. 
125 k. & w., 300 p 
1200 k. &W.8U0 p 

Loss over 1000. . . 

loo k. 200 p 

1000 



1600. 



Remarks. 



Confed. k.dkw. not rep'td ; 1634p.; 
Gen. Reynolds killed. 

Confederates paroled. 



Confederates defeated. 
Rear-guard of Johnson's army 
captured. 



400 conscripts released. 

Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals repulsed. 

Virginia and Tennessee Railroad 

destroyed. 
Confederates defeated. 
Gen. Morgan and all his cavalry, 

400 men, captured. 
Federals defeated. 
Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson and Staff 

captured. 

Naval engagement. Federals de- 
feated. 

Federals defeated. 

A larj^e su[)ply of army stores 
captured. 

Federals defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 



Confederates withdrew. 



r-'io-ht above clouds. Bracff deft'd 



42^2 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



1863. 

ISr.2::!-25 
" 25 

" 27 
27-3 ' 

Dec. 14 
" 25 
" 2G 
1864. 

Jan. 'J. 
3 
" 12 
" 17 
" 2S 
" 2 
" 30 

Feb 

3 

« 4 

14 

' 20 

22-25 

" 22 

March 5 

" 9-10 
" 16 
'» 21 
" 21 
25 

Ap'18-9 
" 12 



Chattanooga, Teau 

Capture of Missionary Ridge, 
Va 



Locust Grove, Va. 

Bean Station 

Pulaski, Tenn 

Charleston, Tenn.. 



Near Moorfield, Va. 

Jonesville, Va 

Mossy Creek, Tenn. 



Tuunel Hill, Ga 

Scottville, Ky 

Federal supply train captured 

near Petersburg, W. Va. . 
Bolton, Miss 



Newbern, N. C. 
Clinton, Miss.. . 
Gainesville, Fla. 
Ulustee, Fia, . . . 



Tunnel Hill, Ga 

Near Drainsville, Va. 
Yazoo City 



Suffolk, Va 

Near Fort Pillow 

Henderson's Hill 

Near Alexandria 

At Fed. Fork, Paducah, Ky. 



Mansfield, La. 
Fort Pillow . 



17-20 Plymouth, N. C 

" 24 Cane River, La 

25 Supply train captured near 
Pine Bluff, Ark 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Grant. 



Gen. Hooker. 
Gen. Hooker. 
Gen. .\ieade . . 
Shack leford. . 
Gen. Dodge. , 
Col. Luberk . , 



Gen. McCook. 



Maj. Johnson. 



Col. Snyder 

Sherman's ad- 
vance 

Gen. Foster 



Capt. Roberts . 
Gen. Seymour . 

Gen. Palmer . . 



Gen. Mower. 

Banks 

Coh Hicks . . 



Gen. Banks. . 
Majs. Booth 
Bradford . . 
Gen. Wessels 
Gen. A. T. Smith 



Col. Drake. 



Confed. 



Gen. Bragg. . 

Bragg 

Gen. Hardee. 
Gen. Lee. . . , 
Longstreet. . . 



Gen, Wheeler. 



Gen. Pickett. 



Gen. Gardner. . . 

Gen. Wheeler . . 
Mosby 



Gen, Forrest , . . 

Kirby Smith... 

Gen. Forrest. . 
Gen. Hoke — 
Gen. Dick Taylor 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 



423 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Confed. 



Ecmarks. 



4000. 



,800.. 
1000, 
200., 



60 k. or w., 300 p, 
150 k, and w 



80 k. and w., 



12 k. 35 w. 

212 k., w., and m 
15 k. 80 w 



1500. 



"75 k. and w. . . 
8 k. 7 w. 15 m. 
6 k. 20 w 



210. 



About 16,000. 



800 p 

2500 

800 k. and w. 

50 p 

121 p 



I'S k. 20 w. 



14 k. 49 p. 



32 k. and iCo. p. 
40 k. 20 p 



300 k., w., and m 



300 p. 



14 k. 46 w.. .. 

600 k. &w. 1500 p. 2000 p 



25 k 

50 k. and w . . . 

•282 p 

806 p 

1000 k. and w.. 



600 k. 100 w. 
150 k. 1700 p. 
80 k. andw. . 



2000 p. 



Brao:g defeated. 

Confed. k. and w. not reported. 



Forrest's guerrillas captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 
C(Jiifederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 



Confed s. defeated. Loss much 
greater. 

Confed. Battery defeated. 

Confederates routed. 

Federals defeated. Confederate 
loss about the same. 

Killed and wounded not reported. 

Federals defeated. 

Confederates defeated with con- 
siderable loss. 

Suf}V)lk captured. 

Confederates defeated. 

Confederate camp captured. 

Town nearly destroyed by the 

bombardment. 
Confederates defeated. 



Loss not reported. 

loOO k. and w 

1000 



9 guns captured. 



424 



THE NATIONAL HANE-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
jrasrements, and Skirmishes. 



1864. 

May 5-7 Wilderness, Va, 



8-11 
' 10 
♦ 10 
' 12 



12-15 
13-15 
" 15 
19-20 
" 24 

May 25 
" 28 

Junel-3 

June 5 



" 9 

» 10 
" 11 

15-18 



Rock Face Ridge, G-a. 
Spottsylvania C. H. . . 
Near Wytheville, Va . 
Spottsylvania G. H. . . 



July 



Fort Darling, Va 

Resaca, Ga 

New Market, Va 

Bermuda Hundred, Va. 
Wilson's Landing, Va. . 

Near Dallas, Ga 

Dallas, Ga. 

Cold Harbor, Va 



Piedmont, Va. 



Mount Sterling. 

Gunto\V[i, Miss . . . . 
Near Cynthiana, Ky, 



Petersburg, Va. 



Weldon Railroad, Va. . . 
Near Kenesaw Mt., Ga. 
Monocacy, Md. . . . . , 



12 Silver Springs, D. C. 



Gens. Grant, 
Meade, and 
Burnside . . . . 

Gen. Sherman. . 

Grant 

Gen. Averill. . . . 
Gen. Grant 



J'yl-'^-lS 

" 20 
" 20 
" 22 
27-30 
Ag. 5-20 



Between Pontotoc and Tupelo, 

Tenn 

Before Winchester, Va.. . . 

Peach Tree Creek, Ga 

Before Atlanta, Ga 

Petersburg, Va 

Mobile Bay, Ala 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Butler 

Gen. Sherman . . 
Gen. Sigel . . . . 
Gen. Butler. . . . 

Gen, Wild 

Gen. Hooker. . . 

Gen. Sherman . . 

Gens. Grant and 

Meade 



Gen. Burbridge . 
Gen. Siurgis. . . . 
Gen. Burbiidge. 

Gens, Grant and 

Meade 

Gen. Meade .... 
Gen. Sherman . . 
Gen. Wallace., . 

Geu. Augur. . . . 
Gens. Suuth and 

Slocum. . . , 
Gen. Averill.. 
Gen. Sheiinan 
Gen. Sherman 
Gen. Grant, . . 
Adm.Farragut & 

Gen. Granger 



Confed 



Gen. Lee 

Gn. Joe Johnson 

Lee 

Gen. Jones 

Gen. Lee 



Gn. Beauregard. 
Gn. J'-e Johnson 
Breckinridge . . 
Gn. Benuregard. 
Gn. Fitz H. Lee, 
Gen. Hardee. . . 
Gen. Longstreet, 



Gen. Lee. 



E. Kirby Smith. 
Gen. Alorgau , . , 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Johnson. 
Gen. J. Early. 

Gen. Early. . . . 



Gen. Forrest. . . 

Gen. Early 

Gen. Hocjd 

Gen. Hood 

Gen. Lee 

Gn.Page& Adm. 
Buchanan... . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABIE OF THE WAR. 



425 



Killed, Wounded 


. and Prisoners. 


Eeniarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 








Confd. Gen. Longstreet wounded. 
Gens. Wadswortli and Haj-ea 
killed. Loss about 28,000 on 
each side. 


800 k., w., and m. 


650 k., w., and m. 
1000 p 












Confeds lost betw'n 3000 & 4000 


5000 k., w., and m 

100 k. 2800 w 

97 k. 440 w. 225 m 
300 


Loss much greater. 
Loss not reported. 
1000 k., w., andm. 

Not stated 

275 k. andw., lip 


prisoners, including 2 general 
officers & 30 pieces of artillery. 

Federals defeated. 


40 k. and w 

1500 


Confeds. about the same loss. 


30() 


2500k.&w., 300p. 

8000 k., w., and m. 
15u0 p 


Confederates retreated. 


9000 k, w., and ra. 


3 guns and 3000 stand of arms, 
stores, etc., were captured, and 
. a large number of Confederates 
killed and wounded. 

Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated and the town 
burned. 




700 p 


98n k. & w. 1000 p 
200 k. &\v. 1200 p. 

10 000 


Loss not reported. 
3u5k. 275VV. 400p 

Xot reported 

Luss not reported . 


6ii0k. (t w. 25G0 p 
1500 


Johnson flanked 


loUO 


Nut reported 

100 k., many w. . . 
oQOO 


Federals overpowered and forced 
to retreat. 

Confederates defeated. 


200 k., w., and m. 
300 . ... 


250 k , w.. and m. 
1713 k., w., andra. 
3521 


300 k. & w., 200 p. 
5000 k.&w. 1000 p 
10,000 


Early defeated. 

Gren. McPherson killed. 


5000 k., w., and m. 
120 k. 88 w 


1200 k., w., and m. 
1756 p 


K. and w. not reported. 150 guns 
captured. 







420 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



1864. 

A.ug, 14' Strawberry Plains, Ya. 
15-18 Deep Bottom, V"a. 
' lOJCrooked Run, Va. 



18-22 

*' 19 

'' 21 

" "21 

" 24 

" 25 

" 31 

Sept. 3 



" 16 

" 19 

" 21 
" 26 
Sept. 29 
to Oct. 1 
Sept. 30 
Oct. 2 



« 2t 

0. 28-30 
" 28 

Nov. 5 



Jonesboro, Ga. 



At Six Mile Station, Va. . . . 

On Weldon Road 

Summit Point, Va 

Dalton, Ga 

On the Weldon Road 

Before Atlanta 

Drakesviile & Perry ville, Va. 
Greenville, Teuu 



Sycamore Church, Ya. 



Bunker Hill, near "Winchester, 

Va 

Fisher's Hill, Va 

Ironton, Mo 



Richmond and Petersburg, Va. 

Preble's Farm 

Abingdon, Va 

Darbytown Road and New 

Market Heights 

Fisher's Hill, Va 

Allatoona, Ga 

Darbytown Road, Ya 

Ball's Gap, Va 

Cedar Creek, Ya 

Lexington, Mo 

Mins Creek, Alo 



Darbytown, Williamsburg 

Road, and Hatcher's Run, Va 

Decatur. ... 

Norristown, E. Tenn 



Fort Sedgwick, Ya . 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Grant. 
Gen. Grant.. 
Gen. Merrill . 



Gen. Kilpatrick 

and Col. Minty 

Gen. Warren . . . 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Sheridan. . 

Col. Siebold 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Sherman. . 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee 

Gens l.omax & 
Wickliam. . . . 

Gen. Ross Fer- 
guson 

Gen. Pickett. .. 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Karly 

Gen. Wheeler. . . 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Hood 



Gen. Gillam. . 

Gens. Gregg and 
Kautz 



Gen, Sheridan. . 
Gen. Sheridan. , 
Gen. Ewing. . . . 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Warren. . . 
Gen. Burbridge. 

Gen. Butler. . . . 
(jen Sheridan. . 

Gen. Corse 

Gen. Terry 

Gen. Gillem . . . . 
Gen. Sheridan. . 

Gen. Blunt 

Gen. Pleasanton 



Gen. Grant. . , . 
Col. Morgan. , 
Gen, Gillam . . . 



Confed. 



John Morgan. 



Gen. Hampton. 

Gen. Early 

Gen. Early.. . . 
Gen. Price. . . . 



Gen. Lee. . 



Gen. Echols. , . . 

Gen. Anderson, 
Gen. Rosser. . . . 
Gen. French,. , . 
Gen. ———... , 
Gn. Breckinridge 

Gen. Early 

Gen. Price 

Gen, Price 



Gen. Lee 
Rhoddy . 
Vauglm . 



CHUONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 



427 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 
Ccnfed. 



Union. 



Total loss 1100.. 
Total loss 4000.. 



70. 



r-514 k. and w 

3000 

6()0 

900 

30 

lOOok. &w. 30G0p. 
50 k. 439. w. 60 m, 
300 



110 k., w., and m, 



3000 k. and w. 
600 k. and w. . 
9 k. 60 w 



6000k, w., and m. 
500 k. &w., 1500 p. 
350 



500 

60 

600 k., w., and m. 

414 

220 

4000 k.&w. 1300 p 



1000 k. &w. 2000 p 



400 k. 1500 w. 

800 m 

100 



TO. 



250 p. 
2500 . 



300. 



1000 k., w., and m 

1500 p 

2000 



150 

15()0 k. and w. . . , 
oOOO k., w., and m , 

70 p , 

100 k. 75 p , 



w. 



90 k. and w. ., 
00 k. 4000 

2500 p 

400 k. & w. 1100 p 
1500 k. and w. 



o(f p 

18 k. 71 w. 21 ra. 



1000. 
330 p. 



Eemarks. 



Oonfed. k. and w. not given. 



Confederates defeated. 



Confederates defeated. 

Confederate loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates repulsed. 
Confederates repulsed. 
Morgan's staff taken prisoners, 
Morgan killed. 



Confed, Gens. Rhodes and 

don killed. 
16 confed. c^uns captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confed. loss about 2400. 



Gor- 



Confed. k. and w. not given. 
Confederates defeated. 



275 k. & w., 500 p, 

200 Federals retreated 

Confederate loss not given. 



2800k.& w. 1300p 



900 k., 1000 p. 



1600 k., w., and ra. 
400 p., many k.&w. 
200 p 



120, 



Blunt defeated. 

Gens. Marmaduke and Cabell, 
2800 wounded Confeds., and 
1500 stand of arms captured. 



8 pieces of artillery captured 

from the Confederates. 
Confederates defeated. 



428 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Date, 



1864. 

Nov. 12 
Nov 29 
to Dec. 7 
Nov. 30 

Dec. 1 
" 7 
" 13 
" 14 
15-21 
Dec. 15 
D. 15-16 

" 17 
23-25 

1865. 
Jan. 15 
Feb. 5-7 

" 11 
17-19 

20-22 

Feb 27 
toMh 10 
March 2 

" 10 

" 11 

« 16 

' 19 

' 29 

27-25 
April 1 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Near Nineveh, Va 

Grahamsville and Pocotaligo, 

S. C 

Fraukhn, Tenn 



Nashville, Tenn ... 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Kingsport, E. Tenn. 

Bristol, Tenn 

Savannah, Ga 

Near Murfreesboro. 
Nashville 



Ashbyville, Ky. . . 
Fort Fish«r, N. C. 



Fort Fisher, N. C. 

Dabney Mills and Hatchers 

Run, Ya 

Near Wilmington, N. Ci . . . 
Fort Anderson, N. C 



Wilmington, N. C. 



Waynesboro. James River, and 
Virginia Central Railroad.. 

Between Charlottesville and 
Staunton 

Kingston, N. C . . . 



Kingston, N, C. , , 
Averasboro, N. C. 
Bentonville, N. C. 
Quaker Road 



Petersburg, "Va, 
Five Forks 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Powell, 



Gen. Foster. . . 
Gen. Scliofield. 

Gen. Thomas. . 

Rosseau 

Gen. Burbridge 
Gen. Burbridge 
Gen. Sherman . 



Gen. Thomas . . 

Gen. McCook. . . 
Gen. Butler and 
Rear Ad. Porter 



Gen. Terry 

Gen. Grant and 

Meade 

Gen, Terry 

Gen. Schotield & 
Rear Ad I'orter 

Gen. Scliofield & 
Rear Ad. Porter 

Gen. Sheridan. . 



Confed. 



Gen. Lomax. 



Gen, Hood. 

(xeii. Hood. 
Forrest . . . . 
Ba?il Duke 



Gon. Hardee, 

Forrest 

ilood 



Gen. Lyon . . . 
Gen. Whiting. 



Gen, Lee 



Gen. Hoke. . 
Gen. Bragg. 
Gen. Early. . 



Sheridan Early. 

Gen. Scliofield.. [Bragg 



Cox and Couch , 
Gen. Sherman. 
Gen. Sherman. , 
Sheridan 



Gens. Grant and 
Meade 

Sheridan and 
Warren 



Hill and Hoke. . 
Gen. Johnson.. . 
Gen. Jolinson.. . 
Bushrod Johnson 



Gen. Lee, 
Gen. Lee. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



429 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 






150 p 


2 Confed. guns captured. 
Confed. loss not reported. 


From 1200 to 11 


500 

w 




189 k. 1033 
1104m 


1750 k. 3800 w. 

702p 

Loss over '23,000.. 
207 D 


Loss about 6500. . 


Forrest routed, losing 14 cannon. 
Confederates routed. 




150 

300 p 

600 k. & w. 1000 p 

1500 k. and w 

23,000 loss 


400 






Forrest defeated. 


6500 loss 


Ed. Johnson captured, also 47 

guns and 7000 small arms. 
Lyon defeated. 




195 


look. & w., 280 p. 

440 k. & w. 2500 p. 

I5<i0 k., w., andm. 
100 


110 k. 536 w.. 
147 k. 1038 
800 w 


w. 


The fort and ^2 guns captured. 


60 




100 




60 p 


Killed and wounded not reported. 

Killed and wounded not reported. 

11 guns, which was neaily the 

whole of Early's force captured 


200 


1072 p 


69 


5k. 1352 p 

1800 p 




1000 loss.. 


1200 k. &w., 400p. 
2itO0 


2000 Confeds. captured from the 

8th to the 10th. 
Confederates repulsed. 


300 


74 k. 477 w 


327 k. 373 p 

167 k. 1625 p.... 


1646 


Confederates repulsed. 
Confederates retire. Loss on 
each side 500. 




180 k. 1240 
990 m 


w. 


2200 k. & w. 2800 
p 


3000 


5000 p 


All the Confederate artillery cap- 
tured. Davis flies by night 
from Richmond. 







430 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 


Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 


Commanders. 
Union. | Confed. 


18C 

Apri 

u 

u 

it 
u 


i5. 

I 1 
2 

2-3 
3 
6 

9 
11 

12 
12 
14 
16 
26 
1 
4 
10 
10 

10 

26 


Ebenezer Church, Ala 

Selraa, Ala • . . 

Petersburg and Richmond. . .. 

Richmond entered by General 

Near Farmville and Sailors' 

Creek 


Gen. Wilson . . . 
Gen. Wilson . . . 

Gen. Grant 

Weitzel's colored 

Sheridan 


Forrest 

Forrest 

Gen. Lee 

troops. 

T-ee 


« 


Surrender of Lee's army to 
Fort Blakly, Mobile 


General Grant at Appomattox 
Gen. Canby and 

Adm. Thatcher Gen Taylor 

to Gen. AVilson Gen Fonvst 

Gen. Ston-'-man. Gardner 

cofn, Ford's The atre, by .I.Wilkes 
Gen Wilson.. . . . 


<« 
it 
t( 
(( 


Surrender of Montgomery, Ala., 

Near Salisbury, N. C 

Assassination of President Lin 
Columbus & West Point, Ala.. 
Surrender of Gen. Johnson and 
Surrender of Morgan's old com 
Surrender of Gen. Dick Taylor 
Tallahassee Fla 


u 

May 


his army, num 
uiand to General 
of all the forces 
Gen. McCook . . . 
Col. Barrett 

ville, Ga 

Smith and his 


bering 27,-iOO 
Hobsoii. 1200 
of W. Mississippi 
(xon Sam Jon<^s 


« 


Near Boco Chico, Texas 

Capture of Jeff Davis, Irwins 
Surrender of General Kirby 


Geii. Slaughter. 
array of about 



CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAU. 



431 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Remarks. 


Union. 


Confed, 




500 p 




3 Confederate ^iins captured. 

Forrest and Rhoddj taken pris- 
oners. Selma captured and 
all stores. 





3000 p .- 


8000 


9000 k., w., 
6000 p 


andra. 




Confed. Gens. Ewell, Kershaw, 
Corse, & Curtis Lee captured, 
also 16 g-uns and 400 wagons. 

All were paroled. 

32 Conf d cannon captured, 4000 p 
100 Confed. guns captured. 
14 Confed. cannon captured. 

100,000 bales of cotton taken. 
None killed. 


0. H.,Va 


26,115 p 


2000 


500 k & w. 
2700 p 


300 p. 






1800 p 


Booth. 


1500 p 


men, 

men, at Mt. Ster 

to Gen. Canby. 


ling, Ky. 

10,000 

8OO0p 


10 

20,000. 




This was the last engagement of 
the war. 



Statement of Vessel* captured and destroyed for Violation of 
the Blockade^ or in Battle^ from May^ 1861, to May 1865, 
from the Official Report of the Secretary of the Navy. 



Class 



Schooner. 

Ship 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
SchoontT. 

Ship 

Brig 

Sloop 

Schooner . 
Schooner . 

Brig 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Brig 

Bug 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Ship 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Sloop .... 

Schooner. 

Schooner . 

Sloop 

Yacht.... 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Ship 

Schooner . 
Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Schooner , 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner, 
Schooner. 



Name. 



A. J. Russell.., 

Argo 

Areola 

Almira Ann..., 

Aid 

Amelia , 

Amy Warwick., 

Alena , 

Achilles 

Ann Ryan , 

Alvarado 

Abbie Bradford 

\lbion , 

Aigbui'th 

Aristides 

Alert , 

Ariel 

A.riel , 

Ai'gonaut , 

Adeline , . 

Albion , 

Admiral , 

Anna ■ 



A. J. View. 
Advocate.., 



Anna Smith..., 

Arrow 

Atlanta 

America 

Albemarle 

A. H. Partridge, 

Alphonsina 

Anna BeUe 

Alert 

Active 

Alfred Robb.... 



Alliance. 

Albert... 
Annie. . . 



Alice 

Actor 

Andromeda 

Agnes H. Ward, 
Amer'n Coaster, 
Agnes 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1861 
May 3 
May 14 
May 22 
May 17 
June 5 
June 18 
June 10 
June 15 
June 17 
July 4 
Aug. 6 
Aug. 13 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 31 
Sept. 27 
Oct. 6 



Oct. 20 

Sept. 13 

Nov. 17 

Nov. 25 

Dec. 12 

Nov. 22 



Dec. I 



Jan. 10 
Feb. 25 



March.. 
Mar. 14 



28 



March. . 
Feb. 26 
April 26 
April 19 

April 26 

May 1 
April 29 

May 14 

Mar. 6 
May 26 
June 1 
June 7 
July 16 



Where captured. 



Hampton roads. 



Mobile bay , 

Charleston , 

Hampton roads. . . . , 

Potomnc river , 

Chandeleur island, , 

Galveston , 

St. Mary's river 

Mississippi river 

Charleston , 

Lat. 30°, long. 80°., 

Key West 

Charleston , 



Wilming-ton, N. C. 



Off Cape Carnaveral 
Coast of S. Carolina. 
Tybee 

Mississippi sound. . . 



Cedar Keys 

St. John's, Florida. , 
West coast of Florida 
East coast of Florida 
Newbern, N. C 



Cape Blass 

St. John's, Florida.. 
Stono, S. Carolina. . 
Florence, Alabama. 
Captured at Fort 

Macon 

Charleston 

Gulf of Mexico 

Roanoke river 



Pamlico river, N. C. 

Mural, Cuba 

Coast of S. Carolina 
Pamunkey river. . . . 



By -what veBcel. 



Cumberland 

Minnesota 

Niagara 

Wabash and Union 

Minnesota 

Mount Vernon 

Massachusetts 

South Carolina 

Jamestown 

Powhatan 

Roanoke & Seminole 

Jamestown 

Roanoke and Flag 

Vandalia 

Gemsbok 

Susquelianna 

Connecticut 

Penguin & Alabama 

Alabama 

New London & R. It 

Cuyler 
New London & R, R, 

Cuyler 
New London, &o 

Hatteras 

BienvUle & Mohicaa 
Ethan Allen 
Ottawa, &c. 
Rowan's expedition 



Pursuit 

Bienville 

Flambeau 

Tyler 

Daylight and Chii>- 

pewa 
Huron 
Kanawha 
Perry, Lockwood Si 

Ceres 
Ceres 
Pursuit 

Northern Light 
Currituck 
Hunt.sville 



434 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Ciaea. 



Schooner 
Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner, 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop.... 

Tug 

Bam 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer,. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Sloop 

Sloop..... 
Steamer. . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner , 

Boat 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Brig 

Steamer. . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Earn 

Steamer.. 
Iron-clad, 
rebel... 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Brig. 



Name. 



Aquilla. 
Adela . . 



Ann 

Albemarle 

America 

Anna Sophia . . 
Arctic 



Ann Squires.... 
Anglo American 

Arkansas 

Adventure 

A.B 

Annie Dees. . 
Adelaide .... 

Anglia 

Ai'iel 

Agnes 

Alicia 

Ariel 

Ann Maria.. 
Ann 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



"Where captured. 



Charleston. 



Mobile. 



Avenger 

Antona 

A. W. Baker . . . 
A. W.Thompson 

Alligator 

Avon 

Annie 

Atlantic 

Aries 

Antelope 



Aurelia. . . . 

Anna 

Ascension . 
Annie B... 
Alabama.. 

A. Carson. 



Alma... 
Amelia. 



Angelina . . . . 
A. J. Hodge. 

Arkansas.... 

Argo 

Atlanta 



Anna Maria. 

Arctic 

Ann 

Artist 

Atlantic 



1862 
Aug. 4 

July 7 

June 19 

Mar. 25 Pungo river, N. C 
April lOjNewtogan c'k, N. C 

Aug. 27 j Gulf of Mexico 

Potomac river 

Sept. 25^*-g^^<i'^ew's sound 

Oct. ] "Wicomico bay 

Aug. 2 i Mississippi river 



1 Pensacola 

1 5 Corpus Christi. . . . 

7 Charleston 

21 'Sounds of N. Car. 

24|Bull's bay 

15 
24 
10 



By what 



Oct. 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Nov. 18 



Shallotte inlet, N. C 



Dec. 30 

1863. 
Jan. 5 
Jan. 6 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 28 
Feb. 8 
Feb. 14 
Feb. 25 
Mar. 15 
Mar. 28 
Mar. 31 

Mar. 23 
Feb. 26 
April 14 
April 17 
Apiil 18 

April 24 
May 8 

»> 
May 16 
May 13 

May 20 

>» 
June 17 

June 28 
May 28 

July 6 

Aug. 15 
Aug. 10 



Jupiter inlet. 



Lat. 24°, long. 83° 
Indian river 



Cape St. Bias 

Mississippi river. . . . 

Piney Point 

Caloosahatchie river 

Abaco... 

Wilmington 

Havana 

Bull's Bay, S. Car.. 

Charleston 

Tortugas 

Mosquito inlet 

Suwanee river 

Havana 

Lat. 27% long. 83° .. 
Lat. 29% long. —°... 



Charleston 

At sea 

Lat. 28% long. 86° 

Yazoo city 



Savannah 

Steinhathee river. . . 

Great Yiocomico 

Charlotte Harbor. 

Florida 

Lat. 28% long. 95° . . 
Pio Grande 



Huron 

Quaker City ana 

Huntsville 
Susquehanna&Kan- 

awha 
Delaware 
Com. Perry, &o 
P. P. Cuyler 
Freeborn 

Florida 

William Bacon. 



Kensington, &c. 

Arthirr 

Seneca 

Ellis 

Flag & Restless 

Huntsville 

Sagamore 

Monticello 

Gem of the Sea 

Sagamore 

Pocahontas 

Queen of the Wert 

Wyandank 

Julia 

Tioga 

State of Georgia 

Sonoma 

Stettin 

Memphis 

Two Sisters 

Arizona 

Fort Henry 

Huntsville 

Wanderer 

Susquehanna 

W. World and S. 
Eotan 

Perry 

Flag, Canandaigua, 
Wamsutta 

Courier 

Huntsville 

Yazoo Pass expedi- 
tion 



Weehawken 

Nahant 
Fort Henry 
Satellite 

Pestless 

Bermuda 
Princess Royal 



and 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



435 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vesseL 



Steamer 

Schooner... 

Steamer 

Steamer.... 

Brig 

Steamer 



Boat 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

English sch . 

Schooner. . , 

British sch., 
Steamer 



Alice Vivian.... 

Ann 

Alonzo Childs .. 

Arabian 

Atlantic 

Alabama 

Argus 

Alice 

Arctic 

Anita 

Amelia Ann 

Albert, or "We- 

nona 

Antoinette . . 
Antonica 



Sloop 

Schooner. . . 

Steamer 

Mexican sch 

Schooner. . . 

Schooner. . . 

Schooner. . . 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Rebel ram.. 
Rebel steam 
Schooner. . . 



Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Rebel sch. 
Sloop 



Annie Thoraps'n 
Arietta, or Mar- 
tha 

Alliance , 

Alma 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 



186 
Aug. 
Aug. 



Gulf of Mexico 
Gilbert's bar . . 



Amanda 

Agnes , 

Ann C. Daven- 
port 

Arrow 

A. D. Vance.... 

Annie 

Annie Virden.. 
Annie 

Ann Louisa... 



Sept. 

Aug. 

Sei 

Oct. 

July 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 
Dec. 

1864 
Jan. 16 

Mar. 3 

April 12 
April 19 

14 



New inlet. N. Car.. 
Off the Rio Grande. 
Chandeleur island . . 
Red river 



De Soto 
Sagamore 

Mississippi squadron 
Shenandoah 



30 



20 



At sea 

At sea 

Brazos Santiago. 

Off Mobile 



Cuml)erland beach. < 
Off Wilmington... 

St. Cath.'s sound. . 
OfFTybee island... 
Off Savannnh 



Eugenie 
Black Hawk 
Fort Henry 
Ladona 
Granite City 

KanaAvha 

Braziliera 

Gov. Buckingham 

Fernandina 



May 
May 
May 

July 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Sept. 6 



S. Car., T. 
Virginia 

Kanawha 

Off" Velasco, Texas. . [Chocura 



A. Ward 



Coast of Texas. .. 
Off Espiiitu Santo 
Pass 



Alligator rivei 

Gatesville, N. 

lOlAt sea 

31 
5 

7 



Albemarle 

Alabama 

Albert Edward 



June 19 
Oct. 31 



Armstrong. 
Alabama... 



Dec. 
Dec. 



Augusta 

Amazon 

Annie Sophia. 

Anna Dale . . , 
Annie 



Belle Conway. 

Brilliante 

Basilde 

Brunette 

Baltimore 

Beverly 

Bachefor 

Br ena Vista... 
Beauregard . . . . 



4 

7 

1865. 
Jan. 17 
Mar. 2 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 18 
April 11 

1861. 
May 15 
June 23 

July 16 
Sept. 29 
Oct. 3 



July 17 
Nov. 13 



Off New inlet 

Off Valasco 

Near Cape Fear 

Lat.26°30' N.-, long. 
89° 30' W 



Roanoke river 

Off Cherbourg, Fr.. 
Lafc. 27°N.; long.94° 

W 

Lat. 32°N.-,long.77° 

W 



Off St. Louis Pass. 



Suwanee river, Fla. 
Savannah river 



Galveston Bay 

Pass Cavallo 

Crystal river, Fla.. 



Hampton roads. . . 
Mississippi sound. 



Coast of Maryland. 
Hatteras inlet 



Potomac river 

Bahama channel,. . 



Ceres and Rockland 

Naval and army cap- 
ture 
Santiago de Cuba 
Kansas, &c. 
Mobile 
Aster 

Proteus 

Torpedo boat (Lieut. 

Cushing) 
Kearsarge 

Katahdin 

R R. Cuyler and 

others 
Princess Royal and 

Chociua 

Honeysuckle 
Pontiac 

Bienville and Prin- 
cess Royal 
Panola 
Sea Bird 

Minnesota 
Massachusetts 

Potomac flotilla 

Susquehanna 

Gemsbok 

Potomac tioulla 

Resolute 

"W. G. Anderson 



436 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOTED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Brig 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Steamer... 

Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer . . . 

Ship 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Boat 

Steamer... 

Schooner... 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Steamer. , . 

Schooner . . 

Steamer... 
Schooner.. 

Steamer... 
Schooner... 

Gunboat. . 

Rebel st'r-. 
Rebel st'r. 

Schooner,. 
Schooner.. 



B. F. Martin . 
Blooming 



Black "Warrior 
British Queen. 

Bermuda 

Belle 

British Empm 

Baigorry 

Beauregard... 

Blossom 

Breaker 

Bellefont 

Belle Italia... 

Brilliant 

By George — 



1861 
July 28 
YouthlDec. 18 

1862. 
Feb. — 
Mar. 1 
April 27 
April 26 



Hatteras 

Alexandria, Va. 



Bloomer. 
Brave . . . 
Burton.. 



Berwick Bay.. 

Belle 

Brothers 

Banifor 

Bright 

Blazer 

Bi-itannia , 

Banshee 

Bettie Cratzer. 

Blue Belle 

Buckshot 

Banshee 

Bigelow 



Bendigo... 

Bufialo 

Bombshell. 



Boston. 
Bat 



Badger... 

Beatrice . 
Belle.... 



Blenheim... 
Ben Willis. 



Beaufort. 



June 



Aug. 12 

Feb. — 

July 10 

Nov. 3 

Dec. 1 



Elizabeth City 

Wilmington 

Hole-in- Wall 

Charleston 

Marataiizas inlet. . . 
Lat. 23°, long. 83° . 

Coast of TcNas 

Potomac river 

Coast of Texas 



New Topsail inlet 
Indian river 



Pensacola. 



New Orleans, La. . . . 

Mississippi river . . . 

Sapelo sound 

Abaco 



Jan. 1 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 19 

Feb. 3 

Feb. 23 

Mar. 22 

Mar. 25 

April 24 Gulf of Mexico ... 

May 27 [Lat. 26°, long. 96° 

June 25 1 Lat. 25°, long. 74°. 

July 29! New Inlet 

June 23 Coast of N. Car.. 
July 2 Sabine Pass. 
Aug. 7 



Nov. 21 

Dec. 16 

1864. 
Jan. 3 

Feb. 1 
May 5 

July 
Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Dec. 

1865 
Jan. 

Feb. 



Bear Inlet 

Off Wiknington 

St. Andrew's sound 
Ga 

Off Plymouth, N. C. 

slOff Wilmington.... 

lo! 

(5 1st. George's Sound, 
''i Fla 

27 Off Charleston, S. C. 

27 Galveston, Texas... 



Baltic 

Black Diamond 



Cecilia... 
Cambria. 



Mar. — 
May 10 

1861. 
Sept. 24 
April 23 



Cape Fear river.... 

Lat. 28° N., long, 92' 

W 

Richmond, Va 

Tombigbee river. . . . 



Hampton roads.... 



Union 
Perry 

Rowan's expedition 

Mount Vernon 

Mercedita 

Uncas 

Isaac Smith 

Bainbridge. 

Rachel Seaman 

Reliance 

Arthur 



Daylight 
Sagamore 

Naval and army cap- 
ture 

Octorara 

Admiral Farragut's 
fleet 

Queen of the West 

Potomska 

Tioga 

Fort Henry 

De Soto 

Brooklyn 

Santiago de Cuba 

Niplion 

Flambeau 

Cayuga 

San Jacinto 

Grand Gulf and Ful- 
ton 

Not known 

Blockading squadron 
Braziliera 

Mattabesett and oth- 
ers 
Fort Jackson 
Montgomery, &c, 

Adela 

Picket boats 
Virginia 

N. Atlantic squadro* 
Panola 

Part of N. Atlantic 

squadron 
Part of West Gull 

squadron 



Dart 
Cumberland 



FOR riOLATXOK OF THE BLOCKADE. 



437 



Class. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


"Where captured. 


By what veesel. 


Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner. . 


Carrie 

Crenshaw 

Catherine 

Caroline 

C. P. Knapp.... 
Charles Henry. 
Col. Long 

Cheshire 

Charity 

Capt. Spedden.. 

Calhoun 


1861 
May 2 
May 17 
May 27 
July 5 
Aug. 8 
April 7 
Sept. 4 

Dec 6 

Dec 15 

Dec. 31 

1862. 

Jan. 23 

Feb. — 
Mar. - 

Mar. 14 
April 3 

April 2 

April 5 
April 10 

May 4 

May 22 

May 26 

May'si 
May 13 


Hampton roads.... 

u •••• 
>» .... 

Galveston 


Minnesota 

South Carolina 
Santee 


Sloop 


Chandeleur island.. 
At sea 


Massachusetts 


Schooner.. . . 


Savannah.. 


Flag, Seneca, Poca* 
hontas, Augusta, 
and Savannah 
Stars and Stripes 
Harry Lewis, "Water- 
Witch and New 


Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 


Hatteras inlet 

Biloxi 


Steamer 


Southwest Pass 

Roanoke island 

West coast of Fla... 
Lat. 26°, long. 84°.. 
Newbern. . ......... 


London 

Colorado, Eachel 
Seaman, and tend- 
er of Samuel Eo- 
tan 

Powan's expedition 

Ethan Allen 

Panola 


Sloop 

Schooner.. . . 


Caroline 

Cora 


Schooner . . . 


Clifton 


Rowan's expedition 
Susquehanna 
Mercedita and Saga 


Sloop 

Pilot boat.. 


Coquette 


Charleston bar 

Apalachicola 

Coast of Texas 

Mobile 


Schooner.... 


Columbia 

Charlotte. 

Cuba 


more 
Montgomery 


Schooner. . . 






Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 


Circassian 

Constitution,... 

Cambria 

Cora 


Coast of Cuba 

Lockwood's Folly in- 
let 


Somerset 

Mount Vernon, Vic- 
toria, and State of 






Georgia 




At Sea 


Arietta and Dan 




Charleston 

Bayou Bonfouca.... 


Keystone State 
Calhoun 
Mound City 
Alabama and Flam- 


Gunboat... 
Steamer.... 


Corypheus 


Schooner..; 


Catalina 

Curlew 


June 20 

June 16 
June 28 
Mar. 14 

April 10 

July 9 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 23 
Sept. 20 

Oct. 28 

Nov. 8 

»j 

Nov. 11 
Dec. 22 


Charleston ......... 




Cedar Keys 

Warsaw Sound 

Sounds of N, Car.... 


beau 




Chance 






Caroline Virginia 
Comet 


Naval expedition 
Rowan's expedition 
Commodore Perry 




Newtoganc'kN. C. 

Coast of Texas 

Lat. 28', long. 76»... 

Lat. 23% long. 84° . . 

Potomac river 

Coast of Texas 

Lat. 29°, long. 87°... 

Glymont, Md 


Propeller... 
Schooner. .. 


Columbia 

Corelia 


and others 
Arthur 

Santiago de Cuba 

James S. Chambers 


Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Sloop 


Chapel Point... 
Conchita 

Carolina 

Capitola 

Caperton 

Corse 


Jacob Bell 
Crocker's expedition 
Montgomery 
Resolute 


Sabine Pass 

Lat. 24°, long. 83°... 


Velocity, Dan Ken- 
sington, and Ra- 


Schooner... 


Courier 


chel Seaman 
Huntsville 



438 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what vesseL 


Brig. 

Schooner.... 

SMp 


Comet • 


1862 
Dec. 2& 
Dec. 27 

1863. 

Jan. 19 

Feb. 27 
Feb. 28 
Feb. 23 
Feb. 24 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 30 
April 14 
April 16 
May 7 

April 20 

May 17 
May 15 
May 8 
May 16 

AprU 26 
June 11 
June 1 

June 3 

June 21 
June 19 
July 26 
July 11 
Autr. 7 
July 29 


Abaco 


Santiago de Cuba 


Carmita 

C. A.Farwell... 
Ceres 


Marquesas keys 

New Orleans, La... 

Alexandria, Va.... 


Magnolia 

Admiral Farragut'i 
fleet 


Schooner.. . . 
Steamer .... 
Schooner 


Chatham 


Adolf Hugel 


Charm 


Indian river 


Gem of the Sea 


Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 


C. W, Worrell.. 


Wyandank 


Mobile 


Clyde 

Crotilda 

Cherokee 

Cuba 

Comet 


Deer creek 


Mississippi squadron 
Sonoma 
McClellan 
Canandaigua and 
Flag 

Port Royal 

De Soto 
Kanawha 


Schooner. . . 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 

Steamer 

Brigantine.. 

Boat 

Sloop 

Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 


Campeachy bank... 
Lat. 28°, long. 80°.. 
Charleston bar 

Apalachicola 

Lat. 28°, long 87°... 

Fort Morgan 

Tampa bay, Florida. 
Charleston. . ... .... 


Crazy Jane 

C. B-onterean.... 

Clarita 


Tahoma 

S. Atlantic block- 


Lat. 26°, long. 83°... 

Wilmington 

Crystal river 

•••• >> 


ad'g squadron. 
De Soto 


Calypso 

Charleston 

Cassandra 

Clara Ann 

Clotilda 

Cronstadt 

Carmita 

Clara Louisa.... 

Charmer 

Comubia 


Florida 

Fort Henry and 

Beauregard 
Fort Henry and 

Beaiu-egard 
Octorara and Tioga 
Fort Heni-y 














De Soto 






San Jacinto 






Port Royal 
































April 20 
July — 
July - 
July - 

Dec. — 
Dec. - 
July 11 

Aui: 1 
July 26 
July 17 
do. 19-26 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 14 
Aug. 8 
July 26 
Nov. 8 




Port Royal 
>» 

J. L. Davia 

Osage 

Seminole 
Yankee. 


Steamer 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Schooner.... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . , 

Steamer.... 


Near Apalachicola. . 

St. Joseph's bay 

Mississippi squadron 

"Wilmington 

Rappahannock river 


Mosquito inlet 

Wacassassa river... . 

Cape San Bias 

Lat. 27°, long. 76°... 
Lat. -26°. long. 95,... 
Indian Rivor inlet.. 

Mosquito inlet 

Oflf New Inlet 


Sagamore, &o 
Fort llenrv 
Hendrirk Hudson. 
Rhode Island 
BeiTuuda 
Sagamore 
Sagamore, &c. 
Jas. AdgerandNip 
hon. 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



439 



Glass. 



Eng. stem'r, 
Schooner., . . 
Schooner.... 



Sloop. 



Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Sloop...., 

Steamer., 

Sloop... ., 

Sloop , 

Schooner. 
Steamer., 
Steamer., 
Schooner. 
Schooner, 



Schooner.... 

Steamer..... 

Schooner. . . . 

Steamer 

Schooner.... 

Sloop -. 

Steamer 

Schooner..., 

Steamer.... 

Rehel iron 
clad 



Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Schooner. . . 
H. brig.... 
Schooner. . . 



Name. 



Chatham. 

Ceres 

Caroline.., 
Concordia. 



Caroline. 



3863 
Dec If 
Dec 6 
Dec. 28 
Oct. 5 

1864. 
Jan. 18 
Jan. 6 
Feb. 26 



Cumberland.... 

Camilla 

Cassie Holt 

Caledonia 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

May 

Caroline June 

Cyclops June 

Coquette Oct. 

Condor Oct. 

Constance Oct. 

Cora Smyser. . . . jOct 

Carrie Mair Nov. 

Dec. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Dofcey sound 

Cape Fear river 

Oclockney river, Fla. 
Calcasieu Pass 



Jupiter inlet 

At sea 

Suwanee river, Fla. 



Where captured. 



Port Pembert'in. 

At sea 

San Luis Pass.. 



Jupiter inlet... 
Off Charleston. 
Potomac river. 



Cora. 



Charlotte. 



Coquette. . . , 

Celt 

Comus 



Cath. Coombs. 
Cora 



Chaos. 



Cotton Plant., 



Columbia. 



Dorothy Haines 
Delaware Far- 



Dart.... 
Delta... 
Delight. 



Dec 

Jan. 



5 Oft' Charleston 

28 0ffVelasco, Texas.. 
30 Pass Caballo, Texas. 
5Lat. 32° N., long. 
I 77° W. 

I At sea 

19, Off Galveston island 



Jan. 19 
Jan. 26 



Mar. 31 



Feb. 
Mar. 

April 
April 
April 
April 



1861. 
May 11 

May 14 

July 4 

Oct. 27 

Dec. 9 



long. 



Lat. 33° N 

75° W. 
Cape Fear river 

Combahee river, S. 
Carolina 

Stranded on Sulli- 
van's island 

Lat, 23° N., long. 
83° W. 

Yorktown, Va 

Near Brazos de St. 
lago. 

Mississippi river. . . . 

Off Galveston, Texas 



Roanoke river. 



Charleston, S. C. 



Hampton roads. 



Galveston 

Mississippi sound. 



By what vessel. 



Huron 

Conn, and others 
Stars and Stripes 
Granite City 

Roebuck 

Vanderbilt 

Clyde 

Mississippi squadron 



Expedition up Yazoo 

De Soto 

Virginia 

Massachusetts and 

Keystone State 
Union 
Flag 
Adolph Hugel 



Sciota and Chociu'a 
Itasca 

Gettysburg and oth- 
ers 
Mackinaw 
Princess Royal 
Horace Beals 
Malvern and others 

Dai-Chtng and Clo- 
ver 



luka 

Crusader 

Quaker City 

Huntress 
Gertrude 
Cornubia 
Cornubia and Get* 

trude 
Boat expedition 



Cumberland 



South Carolina 
Santee 
New London 



440 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DE8TE0YED 



Class. 



Name. 



Sloop. 



Schooner. • 
Schooner, . 
Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. ■ 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. . 



Steamer.. 
Propeller. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner., 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Brig 



Dudley or Pink- 
i nay 

Darlington 

Dixie , 

Deer Island. . . . , 
'Director , 



Director 

Defiance , 

David Crockeit, 

Dart , 

Dan 

Diana , . 

Dove 



1862 

Jan. 10 
Mar. 3 
April 15 
May 13 
May 4 

July — 

Sept. 7 

Oct. 13 

Oct. 6 

Oct. — 

Nov. 26 



Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Schooner. . 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 



Steamer... 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 

Bark 

Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner . 



Diana 

Douro 

Dolphin 

D. Sargent.... 

Dart 

Dew Drop ..... 

Don Jose 

Director 

Duoro 

Diamond 

Dashing "Wave. 



Dare 

Defy 



Don 

Donegal, or Aus 
tin. 



Delia 

Delphina. 
Deer 



Dolly.... 
Denbigh. 



Elite 

Emily Ann.... 
Elizabeth Ann, 
Enchantress... 

Extra 

Eagle 

Edwin 

Ezilda 

Ewd. Barnard.. 

Empress 

E J. Waterman 

Express 

Ellen Jane 

Eugenia Smith. 



Emma 

Eugenia Smith, 



"When 
cap- 
tured. 



1863. 
Jan. 19 
Mar. 9 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 12 
May 1 
May — 
July 2 
Sept. 30 
Oct. 11 
Sept. 23 
Nov. 5 

1864. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Mar. 4 

June 6 

1865. 
Feb. 17 
Jan. 22 

Feb. 18 



Mav 25 

1861 
May 
May 14 



July 2: 
Aug. 29 
Aug. 12 

Sept'. '31 
Oct 16 
Nov. 26 
Nov. 30 
Dec. 
Dec. 18 
Dec. 

1862. 
Jan. 17 
Feb. 7 



Where captured. 



Cedar keys 

Fernandina 

Georgetown 

Mississippi sound . 
York river 



Sapello pound. 

Charleeton 

Coast of Texas. 



Pass Cavalo. 



New Orleans 

Lat. 33°, long. 77°. 
Lat. 19°, long, 65° 

Galve-ton 

Mobile 



At sea 

Point Eossa 

New inlet 

St. Simon's sound. 
Off Rio Grande... 



Off Doboy light, Ga 
Near Masonboro' . . . 
Off Beaufort, N. C. . 

Off Mobile bay 



Near Bayport, Fla 
Calcasieu river 

Charleston, S. C. 



Roanoke river, N. C. 



Hampton roads. . . . . 

Coast of Virginia. .. 



Rappahannock liver 



Beaufort, N. C 

Barrataria bay 

Pass a I'Outre 

North( ast Pas.'i, Misi 

Tybee light 

Mississippi sound . . 
Alexandria, Va.... 
Off Rio Grande 



Coast of Florida. 
Lat. 28°, long. 91° 



By what vesBeL 



flatteraa 

Naval expedition 
Keystone State 
Bohio 

Corwin and Curri- 
tuck 

Brazil! era 
America and Flag 
Kensington, &c 

Kittatiuny 
Magnolia 

Admiral Farragut 

Quaker City 

Wachusett 

Kittatinny 

Kanawha 

Yazoo expedition 

Juni:Ua 

Gem of the Sea 

Nanscmond 

Stettin 

Owasco, Virginia. 

Aries 
Midnight 
Cambridge 
Pequot 

Metacomet 

Mahaska 
Chocura 

Monad nock and ott- 
ers 

Naval e.xpedition 



Cumberland 

Albatross 

Daylight 
Resolute 
Cambridije 
South Carolina 

Vincennes and Misa 

Savannah 

New London 

Perry 

Santiago de Cuba 

Connecticut 
Bohio 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



441 



Glass. 



Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 

Ship 

Propeller.. 
Steamer... 

Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 

Steamer. . . 



Schooner.. 

Steamer. . . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Sloop 

Armed sch. 
Schooner . . 
Schooner.. 



Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

Steamer. . 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Sloop 



Steamer..., 
Schooner.., 

Steamer..., 



Name. 



Elhs 

Edisto 

Elizabeth. . , . 
Eva Bell.... 

Eothen 

Eugenie 

Emily St. Pierre 

Eureka 

Ella Warley. 

Eugenia 

EllaD 

Elizabeth. . . . 



Emily. 



Emily 

Emma 

Elizabeth 

Eliza 

ElmiraC 'melius 

Eli2;a 

Elmer 

Elias Reed... 
Emma 



1862 
Feb. . 
Feb. 14 

Mar. 14 

Mar. 16 
Mar. 1 
April - 
April 25 

May 20 

May 22 

May 29 

June 26 

July 7 
July 23 
July 5 
Aug. 21 
Oct. 11 



EmmaTuttle... 

Ellen 

Exchange. 



Emma Tuttle.. 
Emily Murray. 
Elizabeth 



Evansville. 



Enterprise. 
Express.... 



Emma Amelia., 

Elias Beckwith., 

Eugenie , 

Emeliue , 

Emily... , 

Echo 



Emma Bett... 
Evening Star. 

Elizabeth 

Emma 

Emma 

Eureka 

Emma 



Elmira.... 
Excelsior. 

Elizabeth. 



Ella and Anna. Nov. 9 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Aug. 12 
Nov. 5 
Sept. 26 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 24 
Dec. 28 

1863. 
Jan. 27 
Feb. 9 
June 28 

Feb. 12 

Mar. 8 

May 4 



May 

April 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
'June 
June 
July 
July 

July 

July 
July 

Oct. 



Where captured. 



Roanoke island. 

Bull's Bay 

• ••• ,) •••.. 
Newbern. 



Off the Mississippi. 

Charleston 

Potomac river 

Lat. 28°, long. 97°.. 

North Carolina.... 



Charleston. 



"Wilmington. 



Bull's bay 

Lat. 27', long. 75° 



Charleston. 
Bull's bay.. 



Coast of Texas.. 
Lat. 26°, long. 77 
Velasco, Texas. 

New inlet 



Indian river 

Rappaliannock river 



Jupiter inlet 

Carson's landing.. . . 

Coast of S. Carolina 

St. Andrew's bay, 

Fla 

Mobile 



lAt sea 

Urbana, Va 

Lat. 25% long. 83° 
Lat. 25% long. 77° 



Warsaw sound, Ga. 
Lat. 23°, l<mg. 83°. 

Mosquito inlet 

Cedar keys 

Commerce 



24iLat. 33' 
13 



long. 76°.. 

\ Red river 

Galve.«ton 

Xockwood's Folly in 



By what vesseL 



let. 



Rowan's expedition 
Restless 

Rowan's expedition 

Owasco 

Blockadi'g squadron 

Potomac flotilla 

Santiago ie Cuba 

Hunchback and 

Whitehead 

Whitehead 

Keystone State and 
Jas. Adger 

Mt. Vernon, Penob- 
scot, Mystic, and 
Victoria 

Restless and Flag 

Adii'ondack 

Hatteras 

Bienville 

Flag and Restless. 

Crocker's expedition 

Arthur 

Octorara 

Kitta tinny 

Ml. Vernon and 
Cambridge 

Sagamore 

Anacostia 

Hope 

CcEur de Lion 
Sagamore 

Concstoga & Duch- 
ess. 
Sagamore 
Chocura and Mara- 



Roebuck 

Pembina 
R. R. Cuyler 
Courier 
Crirrituck, &c. 
Sunflower 
Octorara 

Yazoo expedition 
Cimarron 
Juniata 
Para 

Fort Henry 
Covington 
Arago, army trans- 
port 
Red River expeditn' 
Katahdin 



Niphon 



442 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By -what vessel. 



Steamer... . 
Schooner... 

British sch. 
British sch. 

Schooner.. 
British sch. 

Steamer 

Schooner.. 

Steamer..., 

Steamer..., 
Schooner. . , 
Steamer..., 

Steamer..., 

Schooner.., 

Brig 

Steamer — 
Steamer... 

Schooner.. 

Brig 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner . . 

Ship 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner . . 
Schooner.. 



Ella 

Eureka. 

Ella.... 



Edward.... 
Exchange. 



Elsie 

Emily 

Emma Henry. . 

Ella 



Sloop. 



Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner . 
Schooner . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Bark 

Schooner. 
Schooner . 

Sloop 

Sloop 



1863 

Nov. lOOft' Jort Fisher. 
Nov. 22 At Sea.. 

Nov. 26 



Ellen 

Eliza 

Emily 

Experiment.. 

Emma 



Elvira 

Eco 

Emma No. 2... 
Egypt Mills.... 



F. W. Johnson. 
Forest King... 

Fanny , 

Falcon , 

Favorite 

Finland 

Falcon 

Fanny Lee.... 

Fair wind 

Fashion 



Dec. 24 

1864. 
Jan. 16 
Jan. 19 
Feb. 10 
May 3 

June 9 

Sept. 4 
Oct. 19 
Dec. 8 

Dec. 3 

1865. 
Feb. 25 
Feb. 19 
Mar. 20 



1861. 
June 1 
June 13 
June 23 
July 5 
July 16 
Aug. 26 



Florida . 

Forrest. 
Fanny. . 

Florida. 



Fairplay 

Floyd 

F. J. Capron 

Falcon 

Florida 

Farren 

Flash 

Fashion 

Fannie Laurie. . 

Fanny 

France? 

Flying Cloud.. 
Flying Fish.... 



Nov. 6 
Aug. 29 
Nov. 29 

Dec. 11 

1862. 

Feb. — 



Mar. 10 
Mar. 12 
April 2 
April 29 



April 
April 



May 2 

May 6 
Sept. 

Aug. 22 

Oct. 23 

Dec. 29 

Dec. 30 



Masonboro' inlet, N. 
Carolina 



Near Suwanee river. 
Coast of Texas 



Off Mobile , 

Jupiter inlet, Fla.. 
Masonboro' inlet. . . , 
Coast of Texas 



Near Charlotte bar. 



At sea 

Off San Luis Pass.. . 
L:it. SS'N., long. 77' 

W 

Off Wilmington, N. 

Carolina 



Howquah 
Aroostook 

James Adger 

Fox, tender to San 

Jacinto 
Antona 

Gertrude 

Roebuck 

Florida 

Virginia 

Rosalie, tender to 

Gem of the Sea 
Keystone State, 

Quaker City 
Mobile 

Cherokee 



Bull "War sound 

Off Galveston, Tex. 
Rodney, Miss 

Roanoke river, N. C. 



Chesapeake bay 

Key West 

Mississippi sound. . . 
Galveston 

Eastern Shore, Md.. 
Apalachicola bay 



St. Simon's island. . 



Tumbalin light 
house 



Roanoke island. 



Lat. 27° N., long. 84' 
W , 

Georgetown, S. C. . , 

Apalachicola 



Potomac river, 
St. Andrew's., 



Charleston 



South Edisto 

St. Simon's 

Coast of Florida. 



Chenango 
Gertrude 

Naval expedition 

Union 
Mississippi 
Massachusetts 
South Carolina 
Potomac flotilla 
R. R. Cuyler 

St. Lawrence 
Quaker City 
Ethan Allen 

South Carolina 



Rowan's expedition 

>» 
J. L. Davis 

Gem of the Sea 
Mercedita and Saga- 
more 
Potomac flotilla 

») 
Pursuit 
Ethan Allen 
Restless 
Hatteras 
Shepherd Knapp 
Keystone State 



Magnolia. 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



443 



ClasB. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vesBel. 



Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Boat 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner . . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

English sch. 
Reamer... . 

Sloop 

English sch. 
Schooner . . . 
Sloop 

Eehel steam. 

Eehel arm'd 

steamer . 
Steamer..., 

Schooner.., 

Schooner.., 
Sloop 

Rebel 
Iron-clad. 



Schooner . . . 



Five Brothers. . . 

Florida , 

Florence Night 

ingale , 

Fashion 

Flying Cloud.. 

Frolic 

Florida 

Fashion 

Flying Scud 

Fulton , 

Fanny 

Florrie 

Friendship 

Friendship , 

F. U. Johnson., 



1863 
Mar. 16 



Lat.27° N.,lon<?. 77° 

w ; . 



Jan. 
Jan. 

May 
June 
June 25 
June 3 
Jiine 13 



Fly 

Fanny <fe Jenny, 

Florida 

Fanny 

Fred, the Second 
Fortunate... 

Fort Gaines. 



Florida. 
Flora... 



Flash. 



Fannie McBae. 
Florida 



Fredericksburg . 
Fisher 



Aug. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 10? 

Oct. 

Dec. 

1864 
Jan. 11 
Feb. 10 
Mar. 20 
April 19 
May 3 
May 30 

Aug. 5 

Oct. - 

Oct. 22 

Nov. 27 

1865, 
Jan. 23 
April 11 

April — 



Lat. 25° N., long. 77 

W 

Apalachicola 

2 1 Potomac river 

Crystal river, Fla.. 

St. Mark's light... 
Lat. 23° N., long. 83° 

W 

Near Matamoras. 

Red river 

Near Pascagoula. 
Near Mat;igorda. 
Off Hio Brazos... 

At sea 

Off Alexandria, Va. 



Ship 

Schooner . . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner . . 
Steamer... 
Schooner . . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 



Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner . . . 



George M.Smith 
General Green 
General Parkhill 
General Knox 
George G. Baker 

Georgian a 

George B. Sloat 

Gipsey 

Good Egg 

Gypsey 

Garonne 



Ship. 
Bark, 



Grace E. Baker. 
G. H. Smoot.... 
Guide 

Gondar 

Glenn 



1861. 
April 24 
June 4 
May 12 
June 25 
July 6 
June 25 
June 5 
June 24 
Aug. 29 
Dec. 28 
Dec. 30 

1862. 
Mar. 29 
Mar. 17 
April 19 

April 26 



Jupiter inlet, Fla . . 

Off New inlet 

At sea 

Off Velasco 

Off Brazos river. , . . 
Near Indian river. 

Mobile Bay 



Bahia, Brazil 

Off Charleston, S.C 

Lat. 23° N., long. 97' 

W 



Off St. Mark's, Fla., 
Crystal river, Fla. . 

Ri chmond, Va 

Roanoke river, N.C 



Hampton roads. 
Cape Henry.. . . 
Charleston 



Galveston . 



St. Mark's, Fla 

Potomac river 

Rappahannock river 

Pascagoula 

Galveston 



Coast of Cuba 

Potccay creek, N. C. 

Charleston 

Capture of Fort 
Macon 



Octorara 



Tioga and Octorara 

Port Royal 
Primrose 
Sagamore and Txro 

Sisters 
Stars and Stripes 

Juniata 

Princess Royal 
Black Hawk 
Genesee 
Bermuda 
Tennessee 

A. Hugel 

Honeysuckle 
Florida 
Honeysuckle 
Owasco 
Chocura 
Bermuda 

W. Gulf blockadj ng 
squadron 

Wachusett 

Picket launches 

Princess Royal 

Fox 
Sea Bird 



Naval expedition 

Cumberland 

Quaker City 

Niagara 

Dawn 

South Carolina 

Dawn 

Mohawk 

Daylight 
New London 
Santee 



R. R. Cuyler 
Hunchback, &a 
Huron 

Gemsbok 



444 



VBSSfiLS CAPTURED AND DESTROITM) 



. OlaBs. 



Schooner, 

Steamer., 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer., 
Steamer. . 

Sloop 

Sloop.... 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Sloop .... 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Bark 

Steamer. . 
Schooner, 

Schooner, 

Schooner. 

Steamer. 
Steamer. 
Steamer. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer. , 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer., 
Steamer., 

Sloop 

Steamer., 

Schooner 

Steamer., 

Sloop....,., 

Steamer., 
Steamer.. 
Brig 



Schooner. 
Bark 



Schooner.... 



Name. 



Gen. C. C. Pink- 
ney 

Gov.A.jyioulton 
General Lovell. 
Gen.Beaxrregard 
General Price.. 
General Bragg.. 
G. L. Brocken- 

borough 

Grapeshot 

G. W. Green.... 
Gov. Morton 



Goodluck 
Galena... 
George "W. Grice 

George Alban 

Gov. Mouton... 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1862 
May 6 

May 12 
June 6 



Oct. 15 

Nov. 6 
Nov. 16 



1863. 
Tan. 



Jan. 11 
Jan. — 
Jan. — 



Where captured. 



At sea 

Berwick's bay. 
Memphis 



Apalachicola river. 
Chesapeake bay. . . . 

St. John's river.... 

Cape Florida 



New Orleans , 



Georgia, [Jan. 11 

General Taylor. Feb. 20 



Glide 

Granite City... 

Georgiana 

Gertrude 

Gipsey 

Golden Liner... 
General Prim... 



Golden Age. . 

Glen 

George 

General Worth 

Gold Leaf. 

General Beaure- 
gard 

Grey Jacket.... 

G. Garibaldi.... 
Gen, Sumter. . . 

Good Hope 

Greyhound 

Gen. Finnegan. 

Georgiana Mc- 
Caw 

Georgia 

Geziona Hilli- 
gonda 



Gen. Burkhart. 
Geo. Douthwaite 

H. M. Johnson. 



Feb, 23 

Mar. 22 
Mar, 19 
April 16 
Mar. 20 
April 27 
April 24 

May 24 

June — 

July 29 

Aug, — 

Aug, 23 

Dec. 12 

Dec. 31 

1864. 
Feb, 4 
Mar. 12 

April 18 

May 10 

May 28 

June 2 

Aug. 15 

Dec. 4 

1865. 

Mar, 17 

Mav 8 

1861. 
May 31 



Chesapeake bay... 
Tybee creek 



At sea 

Charleston 

Eleuthera 

St. Joseph's bay 

Morrell's inlet, S. (J 
Gulf of Mexico 



Lat. 35°N., long. 73' 
W 

Caloosehatchee river 
Lat. 24°N., long. 8: 



W. 



OS Wilmington.. 
OflF Mobile 



Jupiter inlet 

Lake George.... 

At sea 

At sea 

Chashcowitzka river 

Off Wilm., N. Car, 

Coast of Portugal.. 

Off Brazos, St. lago, 

Texas 



Lat. 26°N,, long, 96' 
W 

Coast of Florida. . . . 



Near Cape Lookout. 



By what vesaeL 



Ottawa 

Hatteras 
Western flotilla 



Fort Henry 

Teazer 

T. A, Ward 

Joint expedition 

Ariel 



Admiral FarragaVs 
fleet 



Crusader and Ma- 
haska 

Marblehead 
Passaic 

Tioga 

Wissahickon 

Vanderbilt 

Ethan Allen 

Monticello 

De Soto 

Yazoo Pass expedi- 
tion 

Cambria 

Gem of the Sea 

Sunflower 

Jacob Bell 



and 



Kennebec 

Beauregard 
Dafl'odil and others 
Fox, tender to San 

Jacinto 
Connecticut 
Ariel, tender to Saa 

Jacinto 

Maratanza 

Niagara 

Pembina 

Quaker City 
Isonomia 

Perry 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



U5 



OlasB. 



Schooner... 

Bark 

Schooner... 

Brig 

Schooner... 

Brig 

Sloop 

Brigantine. 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer... 

Schooner... 
Boat 

Schooner... 

Schooner.... 

Steamer... 
Aimed sloop 
Schooner.... 

Schooner, 

Schooner.... 

Schooner, 



Sloop.... 

Sloop.... 

Rebel armed 

steamer. . . 

Schooner... 

Schooner. .. 

Schooner.. . 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Schooner.... 

Schooner... 

Bark 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Schooner. . 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner — 

Steamer 

Steamer. . . . 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 



Name. 



Haxall 

Hiawatha 

H. E. Spearing. 
Ilallie Jackson. 

Herbert 

Herald 

H. Day 

Hannah Balch.. 
H. Middleton... 
H. C. Brooks... 
Henry Nutt.... 
Harriet P. Ryan 
Harmony. . . . 
Harford 



Henry Lewis. 

Havelock 

Henrietta 



Harriet & Sarah 

Henry Travers 

Havana 

Hannah 

Hermosa 



Hampton. 
Harriet. . . 
Hettiwan. 
Home.... 

Hortense. 

Helen 

Hart 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1861 



May 20 
May 29 
June 10 



July 16 



Aug. 21 
Sept. 9 



April 24 
Sept. 18 

Nov. 22 

Dec. 15 

Nov. 13 

1862. 
May 14 

Mar. 8 

June 5 
Aug. 12 
Oct. 30 

1863. 
Jan. 13 
Jan. 22 
Jan. 21 



Handy.., 
Harvest. . 



Hunter 

Helena 

Henry Wolcott 
Hattie 

Harriet 



H. McGuin.... 

Havelock (?)... 

Herald 

Hebe 

Herald 

Hancock 



Hope 

Hannah 

Henry Colthui-i 

Hattie 

Hard Times... 

Hope 

Hope 



Feb. 18 
Mar. 24 
April — 

April 22 

April 30 

May 17 
June 30 
June 22 
June 21 

June 18 

July 18 

June 10 

Sept. 

Aug. 18 

Oct. 23 

Dec. 24 

1864. 

Feb. 4 

Mar. 11 

Feb. 20 

Mar. 14 

Mar. — 

July 10 

Oct. 22 



Where captured. 



Hampton roads. 



Mouth Miss, river. 
Savannah 



Coast N. Car.., 
Potomac river. 
Charleston. ... 



Hatteras inlet. 



Hatteras , 

Pope's creek, Md.., 

Mississippi sound. . , 

Cape Fear 

Chincoteague , 



Newbern, N. Car. 
Lat. 28°N., long. 91' 

W 

Dead Man's bay..,. 

Corpus Christi 

Sabine river 



Dividing creek, Ya. 
Chuckatuck creek.. 
Charleston 



Lat. 29° N. 
W 



long. 84' 



Berwick's bay 

Lat. 26°K, long. 76' 
W 

Lat. 28°N., long. 75' 
W 

Mobile 



Coast of N. Car 

Lat. 28°N., long. 82' 

W 

Bay St. Loms 

Charleston..... 



Off NewinIe*t,*N.'c, 
Off Fryingpan 
Tampa bay... 



Jupiter inlet 

Off Mosquito inlet.. 

San Luis Pass 

Near St. John's Fla. 
St. Mary's river.... 

Sapelo sound 

Off Wilmington 



By what vessel. 



Minnesota 

Brooklyn 
Union 

St. Lawrence 
Thomas Freeborn 
"Wabash 
Vandalia 
Naval expedition 

t( 
Pawnee 
Gf>msbok 
Resolute 
New London and R 

R. Cuyler 
Jamestown 
Louisiana 

Rowan's expedition 

Bohio 

Isilda 

Arthur 

Connecticut 

Cun-ituck 
Commodore Morris 
Ottowa 

Somerset, &c. 
Naval expedition 
Estrella 

Octorara 

Juniata 

Kanawha, &a 
Ossipee 
Satellite 
Florida 

Tahoma 

Vincennes & Clifton 
S. Atlantic blockad'g 

squadron 
Tioga 

Niphon and others 
Calypso 
Sunflower 

Beauregard 

)> 
Virginia. 

Daffodil and otheri 
Para 
Ladona 
Eolus 



446 



VESSELS CAPTURED AlO) DESTROYED 



Clasfl. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what veseeL 



Rebel st'r. . 

Gunboat un 

finished . 

Schooner..., 
Schooner... 
Schooner..., 

Schooner.. . , 

Brig. 

Schooner..., 

Schooner..., 
Schooner.... 
Schooner... 
Brig , 



Hampton. 
Halifax... 



1864 



Richmond, Va 

Roanoke river, N. C. 



Industry 

Iris 

Island Belle ... 

Isabel or "W. R. 

King 

Intended..... 

Ida 



1861. 
May 15 

May 27 

Dec. 31 

1862. 

1 



Sloop 

English 8ch 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer. . . , 

Schooner. . , 
Schooner. . , 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner. ., 
Bark 

Schooner . . , 

Schooner.., 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner. .. 

Schooner.. , 
Schooner. . , 

Schooner... 
Schooner . . , 
Schooner. . , 

Steamer..., 

Sloop 

Schooner.., 



Ida 

Inez 

Isabel 

Isabella Thomp- 
son 
Isabella 



Indian. 
Isabel . . 



Ivanhoe. 
Ida 



J. H. Etheridge, 
John Hamilton. 
Jane Wright. . . . 

Julia 

Joseph H. Tooue 

Judith 

Joi'gen Lorent 



Feb 

May 1 

July 12 

1863. 
Mar. 4 
April 18 
May 18 
June 19 

May 22 
1864. 
ril 10 

ay 28 

July 4 
July 8 

1861. 
May 15 
July 5 
Aug. 2 



Hampton roads 

Bull's Island light. . 

Atchafalaya bay 

New inlet, N. Car. . . 

Lat. 26"'N., long. 76° 

W 



Api 
Ma 



Charlotte harb'r Tla. 
Indian Iliver inlet.. 

Mobile 

Lat. 41° N., long. 

67° W 

Wacassassa bay 



At sea 

Off Galveston. 



Off Mobile.... 
Sapelo sound. 



Hampton roads 



Jane Campbell.. 

J. "W. Wilder... 

Julia 

Joanna Ward... 



J. J. McNeil.... 
Julia Worden . . 

Jesse J. Cox. 

Julia 

Jane 



.Jeff. Thompson. 

. I Jeff. Davis 

John 



Schooner. 

Schooner . 

Brig 

Schooner. 
Sloop..... 
Schooner. 



Oct. 

Sept. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

1862. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 

Jan. 
Mar. 

Mar. 
May 
May 

June 
Mar. 
April 



Potomac river 

Beaufort, N. Car... 

Barrataria bay 

Pensacola navy yard 
Ldt. 6° N., Long 

37°W \ 

Beaufort, N. Car... 



Mobile bar 

New Orleans 

Lat. 30° N. long. 

80° W 

Corpus Chiisti 

Cape Roman pas- 

sat^e 

Mobile 



Naval expeditioB 

Minnesota 
Augusta 

Montgomery 

Jamestown 

Mercedita 

J. S. Chambers 
Gem of the Sea 
R. R. Cuyler 
United States 

Fort Henry 

Vicksburg 
Admiral 

Fleet off Mobile 
Sonoma 

Minnesota 
Daylight, &c. 
Thomas Fi'eebom 
Cambridge 
South Carolina 
Boat expedition from 

Colorado 
Morning Light 
State of Georgia 

R R. Cuyler 
Mercedita, &o. 

Harriet Lane 

Axthiir 



J. J. Crittenden 

James Norcon . . 
Josephine.... 
John Gilpin. 
John Thompson 
J. C. Rozer.. 



April 10 

Mar. 
July 



.'^ept. 
Dec. 



Lat. 26° N., long. 
83° W 

Memphis 

Newbem 

Pasquotank river, 
ISr. Carolina 

Newtogan creek, N. 
Carolina 

Little River, N. C. . . 

Ship Island, Miss... 

Mississippi sound. . . 



Wilmington. 



Cayuga. 
Kittatinny 

R. R. Cuyler. 

Western flotilla 
Vessels in sounds of 

North Carolina 
Commodore Perry, 

&c. 

t( 

Shawsheen, &o. 

Hatteras 

Katahdin. 



Cambridge 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



447 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner, 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Sloop.. .. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 



Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner . . . 

Sloop 

Mexican sch 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner. .. 
Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 



Julia 

John C. Calhoun 
J. C. McCabe... 
John "Williams.. 



J. D Clark.. 
Joe Flanner. 

Juniper 

Jane Adelie . 
Justlna 



John "Walsh.. 
John "Wesley. 



Julia . 



1863. 
Jan. 8 
Jan, 22 
Jan. 18 
Mar. 19 

April 8 
April 24 
May 4 
April 24 
April 23 

May 24 
June 16 



James Battle. 
J. T. Davis... 
Juno 



Jenny. 



Jupiter. 



Jano... 
Jenny. 



John Scott. 



John Douglass.. 

Josephine 

Juanita 

Julia A. Hodges 

Judson 

Jupiter 

Julia 

James "Williams 

John 

James Sandy... 
John A. Hazard 



Schooner.., 



Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 



Julia. 
Julia. 



Josephine. 
John Hale. 



Kate. 
Kate. 

Kate. 
Kate. 
Kate. 
Kate. 



July 17 
Aug. 10 

Sept. 22 

Oct. 6 



Sept. 13 

Oct. — 
Oct. 6 

1864. 
Jan. 7 

Feb. 29 
Mar . 24 
April 11 
April 6 
April 30 
June 27 

July 12 
Sept. 11 
Oct. 28 
Nov. 5 

Dec. 5 
Dec. 23 

1865 
Jan. 14 

Feb. 

1862. 
April 2 
Dec. 27 

1863. 
Feb. 25 
May 28 
June 23 
Aug. 1 



Jupiter inlet 

Chuckatuck creek . . 

James river 

Lat. 26° N., long. 

76" W 

■Red river 

Mobile 

Gulf of Mexico 

Lat. 28° N., long. 
78° "W 

Lat. 28° N., long. 

83° "W 

Lat. 25° N., long. 
6° W 

Ri Grande 

Off "Wilmington, N. 

OffEioGrande!..." 

At sea 

Off Rio Brazos 

Coast of Texas 

Off Mobile 

OffVelasco, Texas.. 
Saversota sound.... 
Off San Luis Pass. . . 

Matagorda bay 

Off Mobile bar 

At sea 

Off Sapelo sound 

Off Galveston 

Off Velasco 

Off Alexandria, Va. 
Lat. 26° N., long 

96° W 

Near Velasco, Texas 
Alligator creek, S. C 

Off Brazos, St. lago 

Texas 

Coast of Florida . . . . 

"Wilmington 

St. Mark's river... 

Point Isabel light. . . 

Indian river 

New Inlet, N. C... 



Sagamore 

Commodore Moma 
Zouave 

Octorara 

Hartford 
Pembina 
Kanawha 
De Soto 

Tioga 

Yazoo Pass expedi- 
tion 
Circassian 

Tioga 

De Soto, &c. 
Cayuga 

Connecticut 

Virginia 



Cimarron & Nan- 
tucket 
Tennessee 
Virginia 

Kennebec and oth- 
ers 
Penobscot 
Suniiower 
Virginia 
Estrella 
Conemaugh 
Proteus 
Nipsic 
Penobscot 
Augusta Dinsmoze 
Adolph Hugel 

Fort Morgan 

Chocura 
Acacia 

Seminole 
Matthew Vassar 

Mount Vernon 
Roebuck 

Potomac flotilla 

Brooklyn 

Pursuit 

James Adger, &o. 



448 



V^ESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Glass. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Steamer.. 
Steamer. . 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner . 
Propeller. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner . 

Steamer. . 

Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 

Schooner . 

Brig 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Bark 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer. . 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Steamer. . 

Steamer.. 



Kate Dale. 
Kaskaskia. 



July 14 



Kate Dale. 



Laurie 

Lynchburg — 

Louisa 

Leon 

Louisa 

Louisa Agnes. 
Lida 



Lizzie Weston . , 
Labuan 



Lynnhaven. 



Lion 

Lizzie Taylor... 
Lydia and Mary, 

Lookout 

Lufayette 

Liverpool 

Lewis White- 

mor^- 

Lucy C. Holmes. 

Lion 

La Criolla 

Little Rebel 

Louise 



Lucy 

LiUa 

L. Rebecca. 



Lizzie 

Lodona 

Lonely Bell. 

Louisa 



La Manche. 



Lavinia . . . 

Lilly 

Levi Rowe . 



Landis 

Little Magruder. 
Lightning 

Laura Dudley.. 

Ladies' Delight. 

Linnet 

Lady 'Walton... 

Lizzie 



Oct. 16 

186L 
May 4 
May 30 
July 4 
July 25 
Aug. 11 
Sept. 9 
Dec. 1 

1862. 
Jan. 19 
Feb. 1 

Feb. 



Tampa bay 

Hampton roads. . . 
Chesapeake bay.. 

Galveston 

Potomac river.. .. 
Cape Fear river . . 
Beaufort, N. Car. 
OflESt. Simonds... 



R. R. Cuyler 
Mississippi squad- 
ron. 
Tahoma and Adela 

Cumberland 
Quaker City 
South Carolina 
Thomas Freeborn 
Penguin 
Cambridge 
Seminole 



Feb. 

Mar. 
Mar. 
April 
April 
April 

May 
May 
Mar. 
May 
Tune 
June 

June 20 



July 
June 

Aug. 

Aug. 



Boca Chica 

Elizabeth City, N.C. 

Lat.26° ]Sr.,long. 93° 

W 

Newbern 

Cape Roman passage 
Potomac river 



Georgetown 



Atsea 

Pantago creek, N. C. 

Charleston 

Memphis 



Lat. 29° N., long. J 
W 

Hole in the Wall. 



21 

2 

4 
21 

Aug. 23 



Aug. 27 

Aug. 31 

Nov. 30 

1863 

Jan. 19 

Jan. 
Mar. 15 

April 27 

May 14 

May 21 

June — 

July 15, 



Coast of North Caro- 
lina 

Ossabaw sound 

Powell's Point 

Charleston 



Lat. 38° N., long. 69° 
W 

Lat. 27° N., long. 76° 
W 

Atsea 

New inlet 



New Orleans, La. 
White House...., 



Lat. 27° N., long. 86' 
W 

Urbana, Va 

Lat. 26° N., loug.84' 
W 

White river 

Lat. 27° N., long.75' 
W 



Portsmouth 
Delaware 

Kingfisher 

Rowan's expedition 
Restless 
Potomac flotilla 
Pursuit. 
Keystone State 

Colorado 

Santiago de Cuba 
Delaware 
Bienville 
Western flotilla 
Albatros 

Beauregard 

Quaker City 
Bohio 

Penobscot 

Unadilla 
General Putnam 
Bienville and Pem- 
bina 

Ino 

Santiago de Cuba 

W. G. Anderson 
Mount Vernon 

Admiral Farragut'i 

fleet, 
Mahaska, &c. 
Bienville 

McClellan 

Currituck, &c 

Union 

Naval boat exp'n 

Santiago de Cuba 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



449 



GlasB. 



Name. 



"Wlen 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what veBsel. 



Schooner. . . 
Steamer.... 
Sloop 



Lady Maria.. 
Louisville... 
Last Trial... 

Lizzie Davis. 



Steamer..., 
Steamer... 



Leviathan . 
Laura. . . . , 



Boat 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 
English sch. 

Bloop 



Lydia., 
Louisa 



Linda. 



Steamer.. 

Schooner , 
Schooner.. 



Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 
Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Schooner . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 



Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Longhoat. 
Schooner. 

Bark 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 



Lilly 

Lauretta . . . 

Lilly 

Laura 

Last Resort. 
Little Ada.. 



Lilian 

Lynx 

Lucy 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Lady Sterling. 
Louisa 



Lucy 

Little Elmere. 

Lone 



Louisa 

Lawood 

Lady Hui-ley.. 



Lilly 

Louisa 

Lecompte. . . 
Lady Davis. 



1863 
July 



Bay Port, Fla. 
E.ed River 



Oct. — 
Sept. 16 

Sept. 22 

1864 
Jan. 18 

Feb. 4 
Feb. 11 

Mar. 11 

Feb. 28 
Mar. 1 
April 17 
April 21 
June 30 
July 9 

Aug. 24 

Sept. 25 

Nov. 2 

Oct. 15 
Oct. 12 

Oct. 31 

Oct. 12 

Oct. 21 
Nov. 9 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 6 

1865. 

Jan. 6 

Feb. 18 

May 25 



L:it. 25° 58' N., long 
85MrW , 



Off Southwest Pass. 
Ockockney river. . . . 



Jupiter inlet .... 
Off Brazos River 



Mary & Virginia 

Mary Willis 

Mary 

Mary Cltutou. .. 

McCanfield 

Mary 

Monticello 

Morning Star... 

Mary Alice 

Macao 

Mary Wood.... 
Mary E. Pindar 

Mabel 



1861. 

May 4 

May 14 

May 15 

May 30 

July 4 

July 13 

July 26 



Aug. 3 
Sept. 5 
Sept. 9 
Sept. 22 

Nov. 15, 



Off Mosquito inlet. 

Off Velasco, Texas . 
Off Indian Pi,iver . . . 
Off Velasco 



Jupiter inlet. 
At sea 



Off New inlet, N. C. 
Lat. 32° 40' N., long. 

77" 48' W 

Off San Luis Pass. . . 
Near Aransas Pass. 

Off Wilmington.... 

Off Aransas Pass, 
Texas 

OffBayport, Fla.... 
Mobjack bay, Va... 
Lat. 28'^ N., long. 95^ 

W 

Bar of St. Bernard 
Near Velasco, Texas 
Off' Velasco, Texas, 



Off Galveston, Texas 
Arkansas Pass, Texas 
Galveston, Texas . . . 
Charleston, S. C 

Hampton Roads.... 



Mouth of Mississippi 
Galveston 

North Carolina.... 
Rappahanjaock river 
Potomac river 



Mouth of Mississippi 
Hatteras inlet 



29 



Lat. 31°N., long 
W 



De Soto and others 
Red river expedit'n 
Beauregard 

San Jacinto 

De Soto 

Stars and Stripes 

Beauregard 

Queen 

Beauregard and Nor- 
folk packet 
Penobscot 
Roebuck 
Owasco 

Roebuck 
Gettysburg 
Keystone State and 

others 
Niphon and others 

Sautiago de Cuba 

Mobile 
Chocura 

Calypso, Eolus, Fort 
Jackson 

Chocura 

Sea Bird 
Stepping Stones 

Fort Morgan 

Chocui-a 



Metacomet 
Penobscot 
Cornubia 



Cumberland 
Minnesota 

Powhatan 

South Carolina 

Roanoke 

Daylight 

Freeborn 

Wabash 

Brooklyn & St.Loui* 

Pawnee 

Gemsbok 

Dale 



450 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer... 
Pilot boat. 
Schooner., 

Schooner.. 

Schooner., 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Schooner. . 
Schooner . . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner . . 



Schooner . 
Schooner. 

Ship 

Ship 

Sloop 

Sloop 

SchoontT., 

Schooner. , 

Steamer.. 
Schooner . 
Brig 

Brig 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1862. 

Jan. 28 

Feb. 5 

Jan. 25 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 19 
April 2 
April — 

April 26 

April 30 



Major Barbour. . 

Mars 

Mary Lewis 

Margaret, aUas 
Wm. Henry. . 

Magnolia 

Mary Olivia.. . . 
Monterey 

Mersey 

Maria 

. ' Magnet 

. Mary Teresa... . 

. Magnolia 

. Monitor 

. Mary Stewart. . . 
. Morning Star... 

. Modern Greeca. 

.Memphis [July 31 

.Mail Aug. 1 

. M;iry Elizabeth. 'Aug. 24 
., Monte Christo..|july 10, 

. Mary Ann I 

. Mustang IFeb. — 

Miuia Nov. 12 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 19 
Dec. 25 



Where captured. 



Eacoon Point, La.. . 

Fernandina 

Mantle river, Fla. . . 

Isle au Briton 



Pass a I'Outre 

Apalachicola 

Potomac river 

Lat. 31° N., long. 79° 

W 

Charleston 

Fernandina 



By what vessel. 



May 10 
May 1 
June — 
June 3 
June 27 



De Soto 
Keystone State 
Kingfisher & others 

Sciota 

Brooklyn and others 
Mercedita, &c. 
Potomac river 

Santiago de Cuba 



Dupont's expedition 



Mary Grey.... 
Mont Blanc... 



Metropolis. . 

Milan 

Music 

Mircury. . . . 
Matilda .... 

Margaret . . . 

Moro 

Mail 

Minna 

Magicienne. 

Mary Jane. 

innie 



Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Brig 

Schooner . 
Schooner.. 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Schooner., 



Jan. 19 



Jan. 22 
Jan. 4 



Mattie 

Maggie Fulton 

Minnie 

Mnjor E. Willis 
Martha Ann. 



Maria Bishop... 
Mignionette.... 



M jssissippian . 



Charleston TJnadilla. 

Be rwick bay : Hatteras 

Piankatank river. . . Anacosiia 

Santee river Gem of the Sea 

Frying Pan shoals.. Bienville 
NearFon Fisher... ,%-brMge, star.* 

At sea Magnolia 

Freeborn 

Wilmington Stars & Stripes, «&c. 

Coast of Texas Arthur 

IKensingtoiJ, «fcc. 

Coast of Texas | Arthur 

Sabine Pass Kensington, &c. 



New Orleans, La. . . . 



Feb. 



Feb. 3 
Feb. 23 
Feb. 18 



Chuckatuck cn-ek. . . 

Charleston. 

Matagorda bay 

Lat. 27° N., long. 83' 

W 

Mississippi river. . . . 



Jan. 


28 


Mar. 


24 


April 


6 


April 13 


April 


8 


April 


2U 


April 19 


April 


24 


May 


L3- 


14 




May 


17 


May 


19 


June 


1 


May 


19 



Baton Eouge. 
Bahamas 



Shallot inlet 

Lat. 22° N., long. 28' 

W 

Wilmington 

Lat. 26' JSr., long. 82' 

W 

Lat. 23° N.,long 83' 

W 

Indian river inlet.., 

Bull's bay 

Charleston 

Chesapeake bay 

Urbana, Va , 



At sea 

Piney Point...., 
Lawson's bay, A' 
Gulf of Mexico.. 



Essex 

T. A. Ward 
Octorara 

Admiral Farragut's 
fleet 

Commodore Morris 
Quaker City 
Henry Janes, &c. 

Tahoma, «fcc. 

Queen of the West 
Potomac flotilla 
"Victoria 

Onward 

State of Georgia, &o. 

Huntsville. 

Annie 

Gem of the Sea 

Ladona 

Powhatan 

Western World, &o, 

Currituck, &c. 

Courier 
Sophronia 
Primrose, &c, 
De Soto 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



451 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Steamer. . . 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner . . 
Steamer... 
Steamer. . . 
Sloop 



Mobile 

Magnolia 

Miiry Jane 

Miriam 

Merrimack 

Massachusetts. 
Music, 



Yazoo City. 



Steamer. . . . IMontgumery. . . 

Schooner.. . . Mack Caniield. 

Schooner May 

British stmr Mail 

British stmr Martha Jane. . . 



June 18 

July 24 

July 2 

Sept. 17 

Sept. 13 

Aug. 25 



Clearwater harbor., 

Brazos Santiago 

New inlet, N. C 

Baltimore, Md 

Potomac river 

Lat. 28° 32' N., long, 

89°12W 

Bio Grande 



Oct. 15 
Oct. 20 



Margaret and 

Jessie 

Schooner. . . . Matamoras . . 

Schooner Marshal J.Smith 

Schooner I Maria Alberta. . 



Nov. 



Sloop 

Schooner . 



Magnolia.. 
Mary Ann. 
Minna. .... 



Schooner... Mary Campbell 



Steamer.... Mayflower. 
Schooner. . . Minnie. . . . 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
British sch.. 



Maria Louise . . , 

Mary 

Mary Aim 

M. P. Burton.., 



Nov. 4 

Dec. 9 

Nov. 27 

Dec. 16 

Nov. 26 

Dec. 9 

Nov. 14 

1864. 

Jan. 13 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 10 

Jan. 19 

Mar. 6 

Mar. 11 



At sea 

Near Cedar Keys. . . 

Off Wilmington... 



Off Rio Grande.. 

Off Mobile 

Bayport, Floi'ida. 



long 



Lat. 26° 15' N 

82° W 

Lat. 26° 22' N., long 

97" W , 

Lat 23° 48' N., long 

78° 3' W 

Near Pensacola 



Schooner... Marion , 

Schooner... Mary Sorley... 

Schooner . . . Maudoline , 

British sch.. Maria Alfred.. 



Pass, Fla.. 

Mosquito inlet 

Jupiter ruiet 



Eng.steamer Minnie.. 

I 
English sch. i Miriam, 



Schooner... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.. . . 

Schooner.... 



Sloop 

Schooner.. 



Schooner, 



M. O'Neill. 



Matagorda. . 
Matagorda.. 



Mary Bowers. . , 



Off "Wilminiiton 

Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 
95° 5' W. 
Mar. 12 Gulf of Mexico'. '.'... 

April 4, Off Galveston 

April 13' Atchafalaya bay.. . . 
Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 
95° 5' W 
May 9 Lat. 34° N.*'long.'75° 

28' W 

Lat. 25° 25' N., long. 

84° 30' W..- 

Off Washington, N. 

Carolina. 
Off coast of Texas. . 
10 Lat. 22° 50' N, long. 
85° 47' W. 
Off Charleston, S. C. 



Medera. 



Mary 

Mary Ann. 
Morris 



Mary EUen. 



April. 29 

May 5 

July 
Sept. 

Oct. 29 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 8 
Dec. 19 

1865. 
Jan. 3 



Pascagoular bar.. . . . 

Lat. 32° N, long. 78° 

W. 
Oft" Pass Cabello, Tex 
Gulf of Mexico 



Off V-3la8co, Texas. 



Yazoo Pass exped'n 

Tahoma 
Itasca 
Iroquois 
Yankee 
Adolph Hugel 
De Soto 

"W". G. Anderson 
Coeur de Lion, &c. 
Honduras & others 
Anne, tender to Fort 

Heniy 
Keystone State and 

others 
Owasco and Virginia 
Kennebec 
Two Sisters, tender 

to San Jacinto 
Aiiel, tender to San 

Jacinto 
Antona 

Cu'cassian 

Bermuda 

Union 

Beauregard 

Roebuck 

GrandGulf 
Aroostook 



Scioto 
Nyanza 
Bachel Seaman 

Connecticut 

Honeysuckle 

Valley City 

Kanawha and others 
Magnolia 

Atlantic Block. 
quadron 
J. P. Jackson and 

Stockdale 
Mackinaw 

Itasca 
Pocahontas 

Kanawha 



452 



VESSELS CAPTUEED AKD DEBTEOYBD 



ClSBB. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Wliere captured. 



By what vessel. 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer . . 
Iron-clad 
(rebel) 
Steamer.. 



Ship. 
Brig. 



Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 



Sloop 

Bteamer.. 

Brig 

Schooner. . 



Schooner.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 

Steamer . . 
Steamer.. 
Sloop 



Schooner., 
Schooner., 
Schooner., 
steamer.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Steamer... 
Steamer... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer... 
Schooner . 



Mary T. Cotton, 

North Carolina. 
Nahum Stetson. 



Napoleon. . . 
New Island. 
Newcastle. . . 



Matilda 

Mary Agnes.... 



Matilda. 



Malta. 



Mary.... 
Morgan. . 
Mab 

Missoiu'i. 



1865 
Feb. 11 
Feb. 18 

Feb. 11 

Mar. 3 

Mar. 16 



Off Pass Cabello, Tex 
Aransas Pass, Texas 

Near Pass Cabello, 

Texas. 
Bayou Vermillion, 

Louisiana. 
Indian river, Fla... 



Penobscot 



GUde 
Pursuit 



New Eagle.. 

Nassau 

Napier 

Nathan'l Taylor 



Nellie 

Nonsuch 

Neustra Sonora 

de Regla, 
Naniope 



Nashville.. 
Nicolailst. 
Neptune... 



Nellie 

New Year. 
Nymph. . . . 
Natchez.. . 
Nanjemoy. 

Nita 

Neptune. . . 



June 3 

1^61. 
May 14 
June 19 

1862. 
Mar. 14 
April 2 
May 11 

May 15 
May 
July 29 
April 

Sept. 23 
Dec. 1 



1863 
Feb. 28 
Mar. 21 
April 19 

Mar. 29 
April 26 
April 22 
May — 
July 15 
Aug. 17 
June 14 



Charleston, S. C, 
Red river 



Hampton roads. . 
Mouth of Mississippi 



Newbem 

Apalachicola , 

Lat. 23° N., long, 83' 
W. 

Coast of Cuba , 

"Wilmington 



Pasquotank river, N, 

Carolina. 
Ossabaw Sound, Ga. 

Bahama Banks 

Port Royal 



Fort McAllister.. 
Cape Fear river. 
Charleston 



Port Royal.... 

Tortugas 

Coast of Texas 



Cone river... , 

Gulf of Mexico...., 
Lat. 25° N., long. 85 



Minnesota 
Brooklyn, &c. 



Rowan's expedition 
Mercedita, &c. 
Bainbridge 

Sea Foam 

State of Georgia, &c. 
Mount Vernon, &c 
Commodore Perry, 

&c. 
Alabama 
Tioga 
General Sherman, 

&c. 
Diana 

Montauk 
Victoria, &c. 

Atlantic Block. 
Squadron 
South Carolina 
Sagamore 
Rachel Seaman 
Yazoo Pass exped'n. 
Yankee 
DeSoto 
Lackawanna 



Steamer.. 

Iron-clad 

(rebel).. 



Bark 

Schooner., 



1864. 

Nutfield Feb. 4 

Nan-Nan Feb. 24 

Nina Feb. 27 

Neptune 'May 6 

Night Hawk....; Sept. 29 
Neptune Nov. 19 



1865. 
AprU — 
May 10 



Nansemond. 
Nashville. . . 



Octavia 

Olive Branch, . 



New river inlet. 
Suwannee river. 
Indian river.... 
Tampa bay 



Off Brazos de Santi- 
ago, Texas. 



Richmond, Va. 



186L 

..Jay 16 Hampton roads.. .. 
June 23 Mississippi sound... 



Nita 
Roebuok 
Sunflower 
Nipbon 
Princess Royal 



Star 
Massa'jhusetts 



FO"R VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



453 



Class. 



Schooner.., 

Pungy 

Schooner..., 
Sloop 



Name. 



I Ocean Wave... 
Ocean Wave..., 

Olive 

Osceola , 



Schooner. .. 
Schooner.... 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Sloop 

Bchooner..., 

Steamer 

Schooner..., 

Barkantlne, 

Schooner... 

Schooner. » 
Steamer..., 
British sch. 



Olive Branch... 

Ocilla 

O. K 

Old North State. 

Octavia 

Orion 



Ouachita. . 
Orion 



Ocean Eagle 
Odd Fellow., 



Oliver S. Breeze 

Oconee 

Ocean Bird 



Sloop 

Eng. schn'r. 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Bark 

Ship 

Bark 

Schooner. . , 
Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner. . , 

Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 

Sloop , 

Schooner.., 
Steamer..., 

Sloop , 

Steamer..., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 

Steamer..., 

Schooner.., 

Sloop 

Boat 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 
Sloop, 



Oscar. 



O.K. 

Oramoneta. 



Oregon. 



Pioneer 

Perthshire 

Pilgrim 

Petrel 

Prince Leopold. 
Prince Alfred . . . 
Prince of "Wales, 

P. A. Sanders. . , 

Palma 

Pioneer ,. 

President 

P. C. Wallis..., 

Poody 

Patras 

Providence 

Princeton 

Planter , 

Post Boy 

Pathfinder 

Pointer , 

Priae , 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1861 
Sept. 9 
July 18 
Nov. 22 
Dec. 9 

1862. 
Jan, 21 
Tan. 10 
Feb. — 
Mar. 14 
April 2 
July 24 

Oct. 14 
Dec. — 

1863. 
Jan. 19 

April 15 

May 16 
Aug. — 
Oct. 23 

1864. 
May 1 

April 27 
April 18 

Aug. 24 

1861. 
May 25 
June 9 
June 7 
July 28 
Aug. 22 
Sept. 28 
Dec. 24 

1862. 
Mar. 14 



Potter 

Pride 

Pearl 

Princess Royal. 

Peterhoflf 

Petee 



Feh. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

May 

May 

June 

May 

Mar. 

Nov. 
Oct. 
Dec. 

1863 
June 
June 
June 
June 
Feb. 
Mar. 



"Where captured. 



Hatteras inlet 

Potomac river 

Mississippi sound. . . 
• • • • n 

Coast of Florida. . . . 
Cedar Keys 

Newbern 

A.ppalachicola 

Lat. 22° N., long. 87' 

W. 
Coast of Carolina. . . 

New Orleans 

Little River inlet, N. 
Carolina. 

Anclote Key 

Near Savannah 

Off St. Augustine in- 
let. 

Lat. 26° 5' N., long. 

83° 20' W. 
Coast of Florida.... 
Off St. Augustine, 

Florida. 
Biloxi bay 



By what vessel 



Hampton i-oads. 
Gulf of Mexico. 
Pass a 1' Outre.. 

Charleston 

New York 

Hatteras inlet.. 
Georgetown 



Newbern . 



Rio Grande 

Mississippi river. 
Pass Christiana. . 
Vermillion bay.. 
Charleston 



Tortugas banks.. 
Pamunkey river 



3 Potomac river 

21 Frying Pan shoals. 

20 

29' Charleston 

25JSt. Thomas 

lol 



Pawnee 

Resolute 

New London, &c. 



King-fisher, &c. 
Hatteras 
Santiago de Cuba 
Rowan's expedition 
Merccdita 
Quaker City 

Memphis 
Calhoun 

Admiral Farragut'g 

fleet 
Monticello 

Two Sisters 

Norfolk packet 

Fox, tender to S. 

Jacinto 
Union 
Beauregard 

Narcissus 

Minnesota. 

Massachusetts. 

Brooklyn. 

St. Lawrence. 

( ollector of the port 

Susquehanna 

Gem of the Sea 



Rowan's expedition 

Portsmouth 
Owasco 
Hatteras, «fec. 
Hatteras 
Bienville 

Susquehanna 

Currituck 

Vessels in sounds of 

N. Carolina 
Penobscot 
Reliance 
Octorara 

Currituck 
Chocura 
Tioga 

Unadilla, &c. 
Vanderbilt 
Gem of the Sea 



454 



VESSELS capturi:d and destroyed 



Class. 



Name. 



Schooner.. . 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Steamer.... 

Sloop I 

Steamer.... 
Schooner . . . 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Small boat. . 

Steamer 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Rebel steam. 

Ram 

Schooner . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Ai-med rebel 
schooner. . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Brig 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 
Bloop *, 



Paoifique.... 
Pushmataha.... 



Planter. . . 
Powerful . 
Phantom . 



Presto . 
Pet.... 



Per sis 

Pevensey... 
Pocahontas. 



Prince Albert. . , 

Pancha Larispa, 

Peep O'Day.... 

Petrel 

Pickwick 



Pet 

Phantom 

Philadelphia. . . . 
Patrick Henry . 

Qu'n of the West 



Ring Dove.... 
Richard Lacey. 
Remittance .... 

Revere 

Reindeer 

Royal Yacht... 



Rattler , 



Reindeer .... 
R. C. Files.. 

Rebecca 

Rowcna 

Rich'd O. Bryan 

Resolution... 

Reindeer.... 

Reliance 

Rambler .... 



Rising Sun 

Revere 

Robert Bruce . . 

Reindeer 

Racer 



Rising Dawn.., 
Richards •»•••» 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1863 
Mar. 27 
June 13 

June 15 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



St. Mark's 

Tortugas 

Lat.27° N., lont;-. 86' 
W 



Dec. 20 Suwannee river.... 



Sept. 23 

1864. I 
Feb. 2 

Feb. IG 

Mar. 12 
June 9 

July 

Oct. 29 
Oct. 27 



Near Rich inlet, N, 
Carolina 



Dec. 1.5 
Dec. 6 

1865. 
Feb. 7 
Mar. 3 
Jan. — 
April — 

1863. 
April — 

1861. 
July 16 



Aug. 28 
Sept. 10 



Nov. 7 

1862. 
Jan. 10 
April 2 
April 20 

May 29 
June 6 
June 4 
April 4 
July 9 
July 21 



Sept. 5 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 22 

Sept 17 

Oct. 30 

1863. 

Jan, 10 

J^eh. I 



Sullivan's island.... 

Off Lockwood's Fol- 
ly inlet 

Off Wassaw sound, 
Ga 



Off Charleston, S. C. 

Off Velasco, Texas.. 
Near Indian river, 

Fla 

New inlet, N. C 

Coast of Florida 



Galveston bay 

Suwannee rivi'r.. . . 
Sounds of N. Car.. 
Richmond, Va 



Red river, Ark. 



Eastern Sliore, Md. 
Potomac rivei- 



Beaufort, N. C. 



Galveston. 



Cedar Keys.... 
Appalachicola .. 
Potomac river.. 

Mobile 

Charleston 

Stono inlet 

Coast of Texas. . 
Pass Christian.. 
Coast of Texas.. 



Lat. 28° N., long. 94" 
W 



Cape Fear river. . . 
Shallot inlet, N. C. 



New inlet, N. C... 



Bocos Grande i 



Sweet 



Stars and Stripes 
Sunflower 

Lackawanna 

Fox, tender to S. Ja- 
cinto 

Connecticut 

Lehigh and others 
Montgomery 

Massachusetts and 
others 

Newborn 

Azalia and 
Brier 

S. Atlantic Blockad- 
ing squadron 

Sciota 

Pursuit 

Sunflower 

Boat expedition 
Honeysuckle 



Estrella, &c. 

Potomac flotilla 
Thomas Freeborn 
Yankee 
Cambridge 
Dart 

Expedition froiE 
Santee 

Hatteras 
Mercedita, &c. 
Potomac flotilla 
Kanawha 
Bienville 

Pawnee and others 
Rhode Island 
Hatteras 
Arthur 
Huntsville 

Connecticut 

Wyandank 

Monticello, &c. 

Penobscot 

"W. G. Anderson 

Daylight 

Octorara 
3:wo Sister* 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



455 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what veseel. 



Schooner. . 
Steamer.... 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner... 
Steamer .... 

Ram 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner. .. 
Steamer.... 

British sch.. 
Mexican sch 



Schooner... 

Steamer. . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 
British sch., 

British st'r. 



Sloop, 
Sloop 



Steamer... 
Schooner.., 

Iron-clad, 

rebel. 
Iron-clad, 

rebel. 
Brig 



Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Bark 

Schooner . . 

Bark 

Schooner.. 



Rowena , 

Rose Hamilton. 
Relanpagi , 

Rosalie , 



Ranger 

E,ising Dawn.. 
Royal Yacht. . . 

Ripple., 

Rapid 

R. J. Lockland 

Republic 

Richard Vaux. 
Rebekah 



Fei.. 
Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

April 
May 
April 
May 



Relempago 

Revenge 

Renshaw 

Richard 

Robert Knowlee 
R. E. Lee, for- 
merly Giraffe. 

Ring Dove 

Raton del Nilo. 



Rosita. . . 
Roebuck. 



Ranger. 



Racer 

Rebel 

Rosina 

Resolute 

Rose 

R. S. Hood. 



Rouen. 



Eacer . . . 
Reliance. 



Ruby 

Rob Roy 



Richmond. 



Roanoke 

R. H. Vermilyea 



Soledad Cos 

Sarah and Mary 

Star 

Savannah 

Sallie M agee 

Sally Mears.. .. 



June 
June 

July 

July 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Nov. 

Dec. 
Dec. 



1864. 
Jan. 28 
Jan. 7 

Jan. 11 

Jan. 31 
Feb. 29 
April 13 
May 12 
June 2 
June 9 

July 2 

Aug. 2 
Nov. 9 

1865. 
Feb. 27 
Mar. 2 

April — 

April — 

Mar. 12 



Carson's landing.. . . 
Chai-lotteharbor,Fla 
Lat. 26° N., long. 76' 

W 

Crystal river 

New inlet 

Galvebton 

Mobile 

Gulf of Mexico 



Yazoo City 

Potomac river 

Lat. 27°N.,loig.83"^ 

, W 

I Lat. 25° N., long. 82' 

W 

Calcasieu 

Washington, N. C. 
Charlotte harbor. . . 



New Era 
Conestoga, &c. 
J. S. Chambers 

Octorara 

Fort Henry, &c. 

Mount Vernon, Ac 

W. G. Anderson 

Kanawha 

De Soto 

Yazoo Pass exped'n 

Primrose 

J. S. Chambers 

JaBmine 

Owasco 

Louisiana 
Gem of the Sea 
Coeur de Leon 
James Adger 



Oft' "Wilmington. 

Oif Indian river, Fla Roebuck 
East of Padre island, (New London 



Gulf 

Lat. 26° 23' N.; long. 

83° 59' W. 
Near Lockwood's 

Folly inlet. 
Off Cape Canaveral. 

Indian river 

San Luis Pass... 
Cape Canaveral. 
Off Georgetown . 
Lat. 28° 2' N. ; long 

77° W. 
Lat. 32° 50' N. ; long 

75° 40' W. 

Off Bull's Bay , 

Mobjack bay, Va.. 



At sea 

Steinhntchie river, 

Fla. 
Richmond, Va 



•••• ») 

Lat. 27° N., long. 



1861. 
Sept. 11 Galveston. 
May 11 Hampton roads. 
May 17i.... „ 

June 3 Charleston 

June 26 Hampton roads. 
July l!.... „ 



"Western Metropolis 
San Jacinto 

Minnesota and oth- 
ers 
Beauregard 
Roebuck 
Virginia 
Beauregard 
"Wamsutta 
Proteus 

Keystone state 

Hope 
Stepping Stoaes 

Proteus 
Fox 



Quaker City 



South Carolina 
Cumberland 
Minnesota 
Perry 

•Quaker City 
I Minnesota 



456 



VESSELS CAPTURED AJSTD DESTEOTED 



Glass. 



Schooner., 
Schooner., 

Bark 

Schooner., 
Schooner.. 
Schooner., 
Schooner., 

Steamer... 
Schooner... 
Schooner., 
Schooner., 

Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner... 

Schooner.. 
Steamer... 



Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner . 
Steamer . . 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer . . 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

Bark 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 



Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner., 

Bark 

Schooner. 



Schooner . 
Schooner. 



Name. 



Sam Houston. 

Sliark 

Solferino 

Sarah Starr... 
Susan Jane... 

San Juan 

Specie 



Salvor 

Somerset. .. . 
S. T. G.nrrison.. 
Sarah & Carol'e 

Stephen Hart.. 



Stag 

Star 

''-'ea Bird 

Spitfire 

Sarah A. Fal- 
coner. 

Sarah Ann.. 

Sidney C. Jones 

Sea Foam , 

Southern Inde 
pendence. 

Sarah 

Stettin 

Swan 

Sarah 

Sovereign 

Sumter 

Sereta , 

Sarah 

Sarah 

Susan Ann HoW' 
ard. 

Scuppernong.., 

Sabine 

S. C. Jones , 

Southerner 

Sunbeam 

Swan 

Scotia 

Sophia 

W. Green . . , 

Southern Mer- 
chant. 



St. Charles. 



Sallie Robixison, 
Silas Henry.... 

Stonewall 

Springbok 



Sue 

Surprise . 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



1861 
July 
July 
June 26; 
Aug. 3i 
Sept. 10 
Sept. 28 
Oct. 12 

Oct. 13 
June 8 

De'c."ii 

1862. 
Jan. 29 

Jan. 10 

Feb. 8 

Feb. — 

Mar. — 

Mar. 14 

April — 



By what vesseL 



Galveston j South Carolina 



Eattlesnake shoals 

"Wilmington 

Hatteras inlet.... 



Lat. 3rN.,long. 
W. 

Tortugas 

Mar^land 



Vandalia, &c. 

[Wabash 

[Pawnee 

'Susquehanna 

Dale 



St. John's river. 



Keystone State 
Resolute 
Louisiana 
Bienville 



April 10 

May 1 
May 24 



May 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
Mar. 

June 

April 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

jf^ov. 

Dec. 



Lat. 24° N., long. 82° Supply 
W. \ 

Cedar keys 

Bayou Lafourche. . . 

Roanoke island 

"West coast of Fla. . . 
Newbern 



Hatteras 
De Soto 

Rowan's expedition 
Ethan Allen 
Rowan's expedition 



Potomac river Potomac flotilla 



Off Mobile. 



Bull's bay.. 
Charleston. 



Lat. 23° N., long. 82° 

W. 
Coast of Cuba... 
Alemphis 



1863. 
Jan. 19 



Jan. 8 

Feb. 20 

Feb. 3 

Mar. 30 

Mar. 13 



Shallow inlet, N. C. 

Charleston 

Berwick bay 

Newbern 



Indian Town, N. C. 



Cone river 

New inlet, N. C 

Coast of Texas 

Bull's bay 

Masonborough inlet 



New Orleans, La. 



Kanawha 



Onward 
Bienville 



Bainbridge, &c. 

Sea Foam 
Western flotilla 

)> 
Penobscot 
Keystone State, &C. 
Hatteras 
Vessels in soimds ol 

N. Carolina 
General Putnam 



Wyandank 
State of Georgia, 
Arthur 
Restless 
Daylight, &c. 
T. A. Ward 
Diana 



Admiral Farragut'i 



Tahoma 
Point Rosa, Florida. Julia, &o. 
Lat. 25° N., long. 73° Sonoma 

W. 
Little River inlet. . . Monticello 
Lat. 26° N., long. 83° Himtsvill* 

W. ' 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



457 



Class. 



Steamer. . . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.. . . 
Schooner., . . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.. . . 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . . 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Steamer.... 
Steamer. . . . 

Steamer.... 
British bark 
British sch.. 
Bark 



British sch 

En* sch'ner 

Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer. . . . 

Schooner... 

Steamer.... 



Name. 



St. John's 

St. George 

Samuel First. . . 
Sarah Lavinia. 
Sea Bird 



Sea Lion.... 

Secesh 

Scotland 

Star of the West 

Star 

Sea Drift 

Statesman 

Sarah 

Southern Star.. 
Southern Rights 

Shot 

Su- William Peel 

St. Mary's 

SpauldiEg.... .. 



May 30 
June 22 
June 6 
May 28 
Aug. 6 
Aug. 8 

Aug, — 



Scottish Chief.. 

Saxon 

Sallie 

Science 



Silvanus. 
Susan.... 
Swift.... 
St. Mary', 
Spunky.. 
Stingray. 
Scotia... 



Schooner... Sophia... 
Schooner... Sylphide 
Sloop Swallow. 

Spunky.. 

Siren.,... 



Schooner.... 
Steamer.... 



Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 

Behooner.... 

Schooner... 
Steamer. . . . 
Schooner... 

Steamer. . . . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner. . . 

Brig 

Rebel stm'r 
Rebel stm'r 

Schooner.... 
Schooner. . . . 
Schooner.... 



Sarah Mary. 
Selma 



Sea Witch. 



Sybil 

Susanna. 
Sorts 



Stag 

Syren. 

Salvador 

Sort 

Sar. M. Newhall 

Shrapnell 

Spray 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1861 
April 18 
April 22 
May 6 
May 8 
May 13 

May 9 
May 15 
May 24 



Where captured. 



Cape P^omain inlet.. 
Port Fisher, N. C... 

Potomac river 

Cui-ritoman river. . . 
Lat. 29° N., long. 87° 
W. 

Mobile 

Charleston 



Oct. 8 

Oct. 16 

Oct 30 

Dec. 20 

Nov. 5 

1864. 

Jan. 2 

Jan. 11 

Feb. 9 



Feb. 29 
Mar. 1 

Mar. 3 
Mar. 9 

Mar. 20 
April 7 
June 5 

June 
Aug. 

Dec. 31 

Nov. 21 
Nov. 27 
Dec. 10 

1865 
Jan. 19 
Feb. 18 
Feb. 25 
Feb. 28 

April — 



Brazos Santiago. . . , 
Matagorda island. . 
Tampa, Florida... 
Great Wicomico... 
St. Martin's reef. . . 
Gilbert's bar 



Off Rio Grande 

Yazoo City 

Lat. 31° N., long. 
80° W. 

Tampa bay 

Coast of Africa 

Off Wilmington 

Off Rio Grande 



Doboy sound, Ga. . . 

Oft' Jupiter inlet. . . . 

Wassaw sound..... 

St. John's river 

Fort Caswell, N. C . . 

Off Velasco. Texas. . 

Lat. 32° 34' W., long. 
77° 18' W. 

Altamaha sound, Ga. 

Off Coast of Texas. 

Off Elbow Light 

Off Cape Canaveral. 

South of Cape Look- 
out. 

Mosquito inlet 

Mobile bay 



Lat. 27° N. 
W. 



By what vessel. 



long. 



Theresa C 

Tropic Wind. 
Tros Freres. . . 



1861. 
May 4 
May 20 
June 23 



Off Campeachy b'ks 
Anclote keys 



Cape Fear river. 
Charleston, S. C. 

At sea 

Cedar keys, Fla.. 
S. A. squadron.. 
Ptichmond, Va.. . 



nampton roads. 



Mississippi sound... 



Stettin 

Mount Vernon, «fco. 

Dragon 

Primrose . 

De Soto 

Aroostook, «fcc. 
Canandaigua 
Yazoo Pass exped'n 

Brooklyn 

Itasca. 
Tahoma 
Satellite 
Fort Henry 
Sagamore 

Seminole 

Mississippi squadr'n 
Union 

Tahoma and Adela 
Vanderbilt 
Connecticut 
Owasco & Vu-ginia 

Huron 

Roebuck 

Patapsco 

Norwich and others 

Penobscot 
Connecticut 

Dan Smith & others 

Virginia 

Tioga 

Beauregard 

Keystone State 

1 Norfolk packet 

W. Gulf blockading 

squadron 
Metacomet 

Iosco 

Metacomet 
0. H. Lee 

Malvern & others 
Gladiolus & others 
Marigold 
Honeysuckle 



Cumberland 

Minnesota 

Massachusetts 



458 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOYED 



ClaBS. 



Name. 



"When 
cap- 
tured. 



"WTiere captured. 



By what vesseL 



Schooner. . 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 

Sloop 

Ship 

Sloop , 

Span, hark., 
Schooner... 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner..., 
Tug , 

Schooner.. . , 

Sloop , 

Schooner.. . , 
Schooner..., 

Schooner. . , 



Steamer..,, 



Schooner... 
Schooner... 



Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 



Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Span. bark.. 

British sloop 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Eng. sch'ner 

Rebel ram.. 



Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Rebel ram 

Steamer. . . 

Schooner. 

Schooner • 
Steamer. . . 



Tom Hicks 

T. J. Chambers. 
Teaser 

r. J. Evans 

Thomas Watson 
T. W. Riley.... 



Teresita 

Theo. Stoney... 



1861 
July 9 



Galveston. 



Tubal Cain. 



July 5 
Sept. 1 
Oct. 15 
Nov. 6 

1862. 
Jan. 30 
Feb. 14 
July 24 



Telegraph 

Teaser 

Troy 

Thomas Reilly. 
Two Sisters. . . . 
Theresa 



Potomac river . . . 
Chesapeake bay.. 

Charleston 

Rappahannock river 



Yucatan bank 

Bull's bay , 

Lat. 31° N., long. 78' 
W. 



Trier... 

Tobacco, 4 boxes 



Tuly 4 

Aug. 13 

Oct. — 

Sept. 21 

Sept. 4 

Oct. 28 



James river , 

Sahine Pass , 

Quantico Creeli 

Rio Grande 

Lat. 28° N., long. 93< 
W. 



South Carolina 

>> 
Dana 

>» 
Roanoke, &c. 
Cambridge 

Kingfisher 

Restless 

Octorara 



Maratanza 

Kensington 

Freeborn 

Albatross 

W. G. Anderson 



Tennessee. 



Time.... 

Theresa. 



Tampico 

Three Brothers. 
Turpentme, 11 
barrels. 

Tom Sugg 

Three Brothers. 
Teresita 



Two Brothers... 
Three Brothers. 
Tristr'm Shandy 

Thistle 



Terrapin. . . 
Tennessee. 



1863. 
Jan. 19 

Jan. 23 
Mar. 16 

Mar. 3 
Aug. 17 
July 24 

July — 
Oct. 21 
Nov. — 

1864. 
Feb. 25 
April 11 
May 15 

June 4 

July 10 

Aug. 5 

1865. 
Jan. — 



Mobjack bay 

New Orleans, La. . 



Sagamore 
Crusader 



New inlet 

Lat. 27° N., long. 83° 
W. 

Sabine Pass. . , 

Great Wicomico.... 
Cape Canaveral.... 



Tensas river 

Potomac river 

Near Rio Grande.. 



Off Indian river.... 
Homasassa river. . . . 
Lat. 34° 6' N., long. 

77° 27' W. 
Lat. 32° 38' N., long. 

75° 55' W. 
Off Indian riv. inlet. 



Mobile bay. 



Triumph... 
Telemico 'Mar. 



Texas. 



Torpedo.., 
Transport 

Union.... 



Uncle Mose. 
Union 



Mar. 
Mar. 



Perquimon's river, 

N, Carolina. 
Lat. 25° N.; long. 96° 

W. 
Richmond, Va 



Richmond, Ya.. 
Charleston, S. C. 



1861. 
June 5 

1862. 
July 7 
Aug. 25 



Coast of Yucatan . , . 
Lat. 23° N.; long. 85' 
W. 



Admiral Farragut's 

fleet 
Cambridge 
H. Hudson 

Cayuga, &c. 

Satellite 

Sagamore 

Mississippi squadr'n 
Currituck & Fuchsia 
Granite City 

Roebuck 

Nita 
Kansas 

Fort Jackson 

Roebuck 

"W. Gulf blockading 
squadron 

Wyalusing 

Quaker City 

Part of N. A. B 
squadron 



Harriet Lane 



Tahoma 

J. S. Chambers 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKAI^E. 



459 



Class. 



Steamer. 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Sloop , 

Schooner., 

Steamer... 
Sciiooner. , 
Steamer... 

Sloop , 

Steamer.. . 

Steamer... 



Brig 

British soli 



Steamer. . . . 



Rehel iron 
clad 

Schooner.... 
Schooner... 

Bark 

Yacht 

Schooner.. . 



Schooner. 
Sloop 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer. . 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 

PchOOBAT . 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1863, 
Union May 19 



1861 
July 4 
July 18 
Dec. 26 



Venus. . 
Velasco 
Venus.. 



Victoria. 

Victoria. 
Venus . . . 
Volaiite. 
Victoria. 



Venture. 
Velocity. 

Virginia. 

Vesta 

Victoria . 
Victoria. 
Victory. . 

Venus... 



Volante . 
Volante. 



Vesta , 



Vixen... 
Virginia. 



William & Jcihn 
"William Henry. 

"Winifred 

"Wanderer 

"William H. Nor- 
throp. 



"Wyfe or N"ye. . . 
William H. Mid 
dleton. 

Wave Feb. 1 

Wandoo Feb. 14 

William Mallory May 5 

Wave April 19 

W. C. Bee April 23 

Winter Shrub. . , May 21 

"Whlteman iMay 6 

Will o' the Wisp! June 3 
Water Witch... May 5 

Wave iJune 27 

Wilson jJuly 9 

William July 1 



Dec. 

1862. 
April 10 
May 15 
July 2 
July 12 

June 19 
Sept. 30 

1863, 
Jim. 18 
Feb. 28 
May 28 
May 30 
June 21 

Oct. 21 

Nov. 5 

1864. 
Jan. 12 



Dec. 1 

1865. 
Mar. — 

1861. 
May 15 

May 25 
May 14 
Dec. 25 

1862. 
Jan. 10 



Where captui-ed. 



Lat.27°N.;long,85< 
W. 



Galveston 

Coast of N. Carolina 
Lat.28° N.; long. 93° 

W. 
Point Isabel 



Mobile 

Lake PoLchartrain. 
Georgetown, S. C . . , 
Lat. 26°]Sr.: long. 76' 

W. 
Mobile bay 



Mugue's island 

Piney Point 

Havana 

Point Isabel 

Lat. 25° N.; long. 75' 

W. 
New inlet, N. C... . 



Off Rio Grande 

Otf Cape Canaveral. 

Between Tubb's riv- 
er and Little inlet, 
N. Carolina. 

Lat. 32° N.; long. 78° 
W. 



Richmond, Va. 



By what vessel 



Huntsville 



South Carolina 
Albatross 
Rhode Island 

Santiago do Cuba 

Kanawha 

Calhoun 

Gem of the Sea, &c. 

Mercedita 

Morning Light 
Crocker's expedition 

Wachusett 
Wyandank 
Tuniata 
Brooklyn 
Santiago de Cuba 



Nansemond 

Owasco & Virginia 
Beauregard 



Rhode Island 



Hampton roads. 



Cape Henry. 
Key West... 
Cape Fear... 



Cedar keys. 



Minnesota 

Quaker City 

Crusader 

Femandina 



Hatteras 



Boca Chico Portsmouth 

Bull's bay i Restless 

St. Andrew's bay . . . [Water Witch 

Georgetown I G. W. Blunt 

Santiago de Cuba 
Keel's creek, N. C . . I Hunchback, &c. 
Lake Pontchartrain. ' Calhoun. 



Mississippi sound. 
Hamilton, N, C... 
Sabine lake, La... 



Montgomery 

Currituck, &c 

Bohio. 

Com'dore Perry, «o. 

De Soto 



460 



VESSELS CAPTURED AKD DESTEOYEB 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Sloop 



Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Scliooner.. , 
Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

British sch. 
Steamer.... 



British sch. 

Schooner. . . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner. . . . 
Steamer 

Schooner.... 



Steamer..., 



Tng 

Rebel priv'r 
schooner. 

British slo'p 
Steamer... 



"West Florida 
"Wat(>r Witch 

Wave 

Water Witch 
Wm. E. Chester 

Wm. TI .Harrison 
Wm. A. Knapp. 
White Cloud... 
Wave Queen. . . . 

Wanderer 

W. Y. Leitch... 



Sloop. 



Schooner 
Schooner 
Schooner. . . 



Bloop. 



Sept. 27 
Nov. 4 
Aug. 24 
Nov. 20 

1863. 
Jan. 24 



Wonder 

Wm. Bagley... 
Wave 



William. 
Warrior. 



William. 



Wm. A. Kain... 
Wild Dayrell. 
Wm. Douglass 
Wild Pigeon.. 
Wando 



Watchful. 



Will o' the Wisp 
Winona 



Young America 
York 



Young Racer. 
Young Republic 

Yankee Doodle. 



Zeland . 
Zavala . 
Zulima . 
Zouave. 



Zion. 



1862 



Corpus Christi 
Ai'izoua Pass. 



Feb. 25 
May 2 
April 20 

May 13 
July 18 
Aug. 22 

Oct. 28 
Aug. 16 

1864, 
Jan. 13 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 1 

Feb. 15 

Mar. 21 

Oct. 21 

Sept. 27 

186.5. 
Feb. 
Jan. 21 

1861 
April 24 
Aug. 

1864, 
Jan. 14 
May 

June 10 

1861 
Nov. 21 
Oct. 



1864. 
Nov. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Niirth Santee. 



Lat. 20° N.; long. 76' 

W. 
Port Royal, S. C. . . , 



Lat. 26° N.; long. 96" 
W. 



Lat.26°N.;long. 86' 
W. 

Oflf Suwannee river. 

St. Andrew's bay... 
Stump inlet, N. C... 

San Luis Pass 

Florida coast 

Lat. 33° 5' K ; long. 

76° 40' W. 
Lat. 28' 46' N.; long, 

90° 53' W. 

Oflf Galveston, Texas 
Mississippi Squadr'n 

Hampton Roads.. . . 
Cape Hatteras 



Near Jupiter's inlet. 
Lat. 32° 10' N.; long. 
78°49' W. 

Entrance to Pearl 
river, Miss. 

Off Tampico bay 

Vermillion bay 



Kensington, &0. 

Arthur 

E. B. Hale 

Corj'pheuB 
Montgomery 

New Era 

Conemaugh 
Saciainento 
Octorara 

Wabash, &c. 
Dc Soto, &c. 
Cayuga 

Mercedita 
Gertrude 



Two Sisters, tender 

to San Jacinto 
Restless 
Norwich, &c. 
"Virginia 

Hendiick Hudson 
Fort Jackson 

Arkansas 



Cumberland 
Union 



Roebuck 
Grand Gulf 



Elk 



Connecticut 
Huntsville 
New London 
Mississippi squadr'A 

Adolph Hugel 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



461 



MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURES. 



Description. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schoonef.. 

Sloop 

Schooner . 
Schooner., 
Schooner . 



Bark 

Schooner 

Sail-boat 

Launch 

Ferry scow 

1 iron windlass 

5 barrels of lard, &c. 

Schooner 

Schooner 

New gnnboat 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

2 fishing schooners.. 

9 fishing sloops 

Schooner 

Schooner 



Sloop 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Schooner 

Bark 

Schooner, (supposed 

to be Monticello.) 

Long gig 

Launch 

Schooner 

1,200 bars railroad 

iron. 



Steamer Mar. 21 



1861 ! 
Dec. 11 1 Off St. John's river, Fla. 

28 Potomac river 

5 Chincoteague inlet 

11 Quantico creek 

161 Potomac river 

15 St. Lone bar 

Pass Cavallo 

St. Andrew's 



, May 
.Oct. 
. Oct. 
.'Aug. 
. Nov. 



Dec. 15 

1862. 
Jan. 24 
Jan. 23 
Jan. 10 



Mar. 14 



Feb. 10 

Jan. 22 

Feb. — 

Feb. 12 



April 



April 
April 
May 



April 
June 



Mar. 
June 
June 

May 

May 
July 



Mobile bar. 



Roanoke, N. C 



Elizabeth City. 



Edenton, N. C. 



Isle au Pied. 



Fernandina 

Sullivan's island. 



Rappahannock river. 



Coast of South Carolina, 

Bull's bay 

Light-house inlet 



Cedar keys 
Memphis'.. 



Near Sabine river 

Table land of Mariel , 
Fort Morgan , 



"West Point, Virginia.. 

Coppohosal 

Coast of Texas 

St. Simon's sound, Ga. 

Newbem, N. C 



By what vessel. 



Bienville 

Resolute 

Louisiana 

Union 

Yankee 

Sam Houston 

Arthur 

Bienville 

Mercedita, &c. 

HuntsvUle 

Hatteras 



Naval expedition 

Commodore Perry 
Ariel . 

Rowan's expedition 
Louisiana, &c. 



Lieut. Jefifer's expedition 
New London 



S. Atlantic Blockading 

Squadron 
Jacob Bell, &c. 



Hatteras 
Hmon 

)> 
Alabama 
Santiago de Cuba 
Tahoma 



Santiago Cuba 

Amanda 

Kanawha 

Corwin, &c. 

Rhode Island 
Naval expedition 

>> 
Delaware 



462 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Description. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Sloop 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Sloop 

A wharf boat 

Schooner 

A.* old launch 

Three boats 

One seven-oarr'dboat 

Metaliclife-boat 

Two canoes 

Three boats 

One seine boat 

Schooner 

Brig 

Schooner 

Bark 

Pilot schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Vessel on stncks.... 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Scows and boats 

Two sloops 

Schooner 

Flat-bottomed boat. 

Launch 

Two sloops 

Sloop 

Nine boats 

Fifteen boats 

Five boats 

Sloop 

Eight boats 

Scow 

Lighter 

Boat 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Bark 

Bark 

Scow 

Sloop 

Kebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Rebel vessel, Cbldg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 

Canoe- 

Sloop 

Four clinker-built 

boats. 
Two small boats. 

Two canoes 

Nine canoes 

Three boats 



1862 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 

July 10 
July 29 
Sept. 26 
Oct. 1 
Oct. 3-5 
Oct. 9 
Oct. 17 
Oct. 24 
Nov. 1 
Nov. 16 
Nov. 17 

Nov. 19 
Nov. 4 
Oct. 21 
Nov. 25 



Nov. 23 



Potomac river. . 
Sturgeon creek. 



Eunice 

New inlet, N. C. 
Quant CO creek.. 



Masonborough inlet. 



Shallow inlet 

Masonborough inlet. 

Nassau river 

North river 



East river. 



Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 



New inlet.., 
Floro creek 
13ell river.. 



York river. 



Dec. 20 



Dec. •— 
Dec. 20 



Jan. 



Indian river, Fla. 
"White House 



Arthur 
Pittsburg 
State of Georgia 
Eureka. 
T. A. Ward 



Jacob Bell 

Potomac river Matthew Vassar 

Freeborn 



Jan. 18 Nc's^'port News, Va 

Jan. 19 Capttu-e of New Orleans. 



Jan. 13 Dividing creek, Va. 
Jan. 20 Chuckatuck creek.. 
Jan. 23 .... „ 



T. A. Ward 
Cambridge 
Daylight 
Cliocura 

E. B Hale 

General Putnam, &c 



Crusader 

Mt. Vernon, &c. 

Dan Smiih 

Calhoun 

Sagamore 

Mahaska, &c. 



Diana 
Octorara 



Mahaska 



Minnesota, &c. 
Admiral Farragut's fleet 



Currituck 
Commodore Morris 



Jan. 20 Indian creek Currituck 

Jan. 25 Tabb's creek ] „ 

Jan. 24- Potomac river George Mangham 

25. ' I 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



463 



Description. 



Schooner. 



Sloop 

Two boats. 
Schooner . . 

Canoe 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
School er.. 

Brig 

Sloop 

Wharf bo:i I 

Sloop 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 



Six vessels, &c.... 
Steamer " 35th Par- 
allel" 

Schooner , 

Two transports. 

Monster ram 

Horses and "Wagons, 

Fishing scow 

Schooner 

Flat-boat 

Sloop boat 

Scow boat 

Skiff and flat 

Barge 

Flat 

Sloop boat , 

Schooner 

Sloop , 

Sloop 

Canoe 

Flat-boat 

Lot of Merchandise, 
Dry-goods and shoes 
Four canoes 



4 schooners 

11 bbs. of turpeuti 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner and launch 

Row-boat 

3 rolls bagging.. . 

Scow 

Scow 

Sloop 

Schooner 

Steamer 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Steamer 



When 



cap- 
tured. 



"Where captured. 



By what vessel 



1863 

Jan. 21 Topsail inlet [Daylight 

Feb. 12 George Mangham 

Jan. 20 Commodore Morris 

Feb. 9 Dan Smith 

Feb. 2 Topsail iulet Mt. "Vernon 

Mar. 13 Cceur de Leon 

Mar. 2 Mosquito inlet Sagamore 

Mar. 24 Boat expedition 

April 19 Charleston 



April 10 Pabir.e Pass New London 

April 8 "VTarrenton Hartford 

April 24 "Wassaw sound, Ga Cimmaron 

May 2 Eich inlet Perry. 

May 14 Urbana, Va CuiTituck, &c. 

May 20 Charleston 

May 1-8 "Western "World, &c. 

Yazoo Pass expedition 



May 10 Morrell's inlet Conemaugh, &c. 

May — Yazoo Pass expedition 

May 20 Yazoo City Naval expedition 

Mississippi squadron 
May 30 Brooklyn 



June 24 

June 9 

June 1 

June 10 

June 2 

May 14 

May 30 

July — 

July 3 

July 6 

July 13 



July n 
July 20- 

2L 
July 8-9 
July 24 
July 8 
July 9 

June 22 
July 14 



June 24 
July 19 
July 8 
Sept. 28 
June 30 
Oct. — 

Oct. 7 



Mantau river, Fla 

■Wiihlacoochee river, Fla 



"Withlacoochee river, Fla 

Crystal river, Fla 

Wacassassa bay 



White House 

Cumberland 

Charlotte harbor, Fla. 
Eappahannock river. 



Charles county, Md. 
Dividing creek, Va.. 



Coast of Texas . 



Coast of Texas 



Neuse river. 



Old Haven creek. 



Coast of Louisiana, 
o'ff Sabine Pass 



Dec. 31 Matagorda bay Granite City, &c. 



Tahoma 
Fort Henry 



Shokokon 
Commodore Morris 

Restless 
Yankee, &c. 



Coeur de Leon 
Currituck 



Sciota 
De Soto 
Sciota 



Boat expedition 
Annie 

Tahoma 
Fort Henry 
Restless 
Currituck 

Cayuga 



464 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Description. 



Sloop boat. 



Schooner 

Twelve oyster boats. 

Boat 

Sloop. 

Sliitf 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Two canoes 

Schooner 

Twenty -two boats.. 
Twenty-six small 
boats. 

Large barge 

Seven boats (blclg,). 
Three boats 




Where captured. 



Steamer 

Sail-boat 

Twenty-two boats. 

Nine boats 

Rosin 

Turpentine 

Sugar 

Railroad iron 

Sugar 

Bacon 

Horses 

Wheat 

Tobacco 

Schooner 

Four scows 

Rifles— 9 

Rifles, &c 

Schooner 

Sloop boat 

Sloop 



Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Mar. 11 
Feb. 8 
Feb. 23 
Mar. 28 
April 18 
May lo 



July 

Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 



Boat 

Steamer 

Cargo of sloop, name 

unknown. 
Rebel torpedo boat 
3 rebel torjiedo boats 

One lighter 

Iron, cables, anch'rs, 

&c. 

Flat-boat 

Machinery, &c... 



Indian river, Fla . . . . 

Morrell's inlet, S. C. 
York river 



Lat. 24° N. ; long. 83° W, 

Caney creek, Texas 

Running from Va. to Md. 

Matagorda bay 

Up tlie Rappahannock.. . 
Turkey creek 



Lat. 27° 41' N. ; long. 78= 
54' W. 

Off Charleston 

Potomac river 



Mar. 11 
Mar. 11 
Mar 16 
Mar. 21 

April 18 



July 28 
June 30 
Aug. 5 
Aug. 24 
Nov. 21 
Oct. 24 

Nov. 5 

Nov. 29 
Dec. 3 
Dec. 27 

1865. 
Jan. 27 
Feb. 4 
Feb. 27 



Piankatank river. . . 
Up St. John's river. 



Up Rappahannock. 



By what veesel. 



Roebuck 

Nipsic 
Morse 



San Jacinto 

Queen 

Dragon 

Estrella 

Potomac flotilla 

Commodore Perry 



Magnolia 

Katskill 
Primrose 
Potomac flotilla 

Pawnee's launch 

Pawnee and others 

Potomac flotilla 



Gates ville, N. C Whitehead 

Mobile Glasgow 

Mobile bay W. G. B. squadron 

Masonboro' inlet Niphon 

Bruinsburg, Miss I Avenger 

Tampa bay, Fla iNita 

Otf Little Malco, Fla iRosalie 

Off Charleston, S. C jPatapsco 

Decross's Point, Texas.. ! Itasca 

Off Cape Fear river Emma and others 

Western bar jMonticello 

Manitec river ! Ino and Ariel 

Beach inlet, S. C Wamsulta, &c. 

Wando river, S. C Jonquil and others 



April 6 
April 



Columbus 

Charleston, S. C. 



Wilmington, N. C 



Windmill Point, Va .... 
Richmond, Va 



Mercnry 

N. A. B. squadron 



The number of tlie prizes adjudicated to this date (Jan. 27, 
1867), is seven hundred and tliirly. The total amount of mi)ne^ 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCBLiDE. 465 

involved — including that for distribution to the captors, and 
that which is passed to the credit of the United States — is about 
$25,000,000. 

Payment has already been made to nearly ten thousand 
different claimants, in sums varying from twenty-five cents to 
thirty -eight thousand dollars. There still remain to be adjudi- 
cated about six hundred prizes, tlie most of which wUl probably 
be condemned and the proceeds paid to the captors. 
30 



ONION VESSELS OAPTUEED OR DESTROl ED 



DIFFERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS. 



BY THE ALABAMA. 



Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons 

Alertbark.. New London Sept 9, 18G2.. 391 

Altamaha, brig Sippican Sept. 1 3, 1 862 . . 300 

Amanda, bark Manilla Oct. 6, 18i^3.. 595 

Amazonian, bark New York June 2, 1 863 ... 48 1 

A. F. Schmidt, ship ... St Thomas Julv 2, 1 863 . . . 784 

Ariel, steamer New York Dec. 7, 18ti2. . . 1295 

Avon, ship TTowland's Island Mar. 29, 1 804. . . 930 

B'n de Castine, brig. . . Castine Oct. 29, 1862 ... 267 

Benj. Tucker, ship New Bedford Sept. 14, 1 862 . . . 800 

B. Thayer, ship Callao Mar. 1, 1863... 8^6 

BriDiant, ship New York Oct. 3, 1862 .. . 839 

Charles Hill, ship Liverpool Nov. 25, 1863. . . 699 

Cnastelain, brig Guadaloupe Jan. 27, 1 803 . . . 240 

Conrad, bark Montevideo June 20, 1863 . . 347 

Contest, ship Yokohama Nov. 11, 1863. ..1()98 

Corsair, schr Provincetown . . . Sept. 13, 1802. . . 200 

Crenshaw, schr New York Oct. 23, 1 802. . . 278 

Dorcas Prince, ship. . . New York April 20, 1 8r.3 . . . 699 

Dunkirk, brig New York Oct. — , 1803 . . . 298 

E. Dunbar, bark New Bedford Sept. 18, lh62 ... 300 

E. Farnham, ship Portsmouth Oct. 3, 1862 ... 1 1 19 

Emma Jane, ship Bombay Jan. 14, 1804... 1096 

Express, ship Callao July 6, 1S63. . .1072 

Golden Eagle, ship.. . .Howland's Island Feb. 21, 18r.3. . . 1273 

Golden Rule, bark New York Jan. 26, 1863. . . 250 

Har't Spaulding, bark .New York. Nov. 1 8, 1863 . . . 299 

Hatteras, gunboat Galveston Jan. 13, 1803... 800 

Henrietta, bark Baltimore , 1863. . . 439 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



467 



«ame of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. 

Highlander, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1 863 ... 1 149 

Jabez Snow, ship ^ew York Mar. 25, 186:^. .1070 

John A. Park, ship.. . .New York Mar. 2, 1863. . . 1050 

Justina, bark Rio Janeiro May 25, 1863. , . 400 

Kate Cory, brig Westport April 15, 1868... 125 

Kingfisher, schr Fairhaven Mar. 23, 1863 ... 125 

Lafayette, ship New York Oct. 23, 1862... 945 

Lafayette, bark New Bedford AprU 15, 1863 .. . 300 

Lamplighter, bark New York Oct. 15, 1862. . . 279 

Loretta, bark New York Oct. 28, 1862 ... 284 

Levi Starbuck, ship. . .New Bedford Nov. 2, 1862. . . 376 

Louisa Hatch, ship.. , .Cardiff , 1863. . . 835 

Manchester, ship New York Oct. 11, 1862 . . . 1075 

Martha WenzeU, bark . Akyab Aug. 9, 1 b63 . . . 578 

Martaban, ship Maulmain Dec. 24, 1863 ... 807 

Morning Star, ship Calcutta Mar. 23, 1 863 ... 1 105 

Nora, ship Liverpool Mar. 25, 1863 ... 800 

Nye, bark New Bedford April 24, 1863. . . 300 

Ocean Rover, bark. . . . Mattapoisett Sept. 8, 1862 ... 766 

Ocmulgee. ship Edgartown. Sept. 6, 1 862 . . • 300 

Olive Jane, bark Bordeaux Feb. 21, 1863. . . 300 

Oneida, ship Shanghae April 24, 1863 .. . 420 

Palmetto, schr New York Feb. 3, 1863. . . 172 

Parker Cook, bark Boston Nov. 30, 1862. . . 130 

Punjaub, ship Calcutta Mar. 15, 1863. . . 760 

Rockingham, ship Callao AprU 28, 1864. . . 976 

Sea Bride, bark New York Aug. 5, 1863 .. . 447 

Sea Lark, ship Boston May 3, 1863. . . 974 

S. Gildersleeve, ship. . .Sunderland May 25, 1863 : . 847 

Sonora, ship Singapore .Dec. 26, 1863. . . 707 

Starlight, schr Fayal Sept. 7, 1 862 . . . 205 

Talisman, ship New York June 5, 1863. . .1239 

T. R. Wood, ship Calcutta Nov. 8, 1863. . . 599 

Tonawanda, ship Philadelphia Oct. 9, 1 862 ... 1300 

Tycoon, bark New York , 735 

Union Jack, bark New York May 3, 1863... 300 

Virginia, bark New Bedford Sept. 1 7, 1 863 ... 300 

Washington, ship. .. ..Callao Feb. 27, 1863... 1655 

Wave Crest, bark New York Oct. 7, 1862. . . 409 

Weather Gauge, schr.. Provincetown Sept. 4, 1862... 200 

Winged Racer, ship. . .Manilla Nov. 10, 1863. . .1767 



BY THE SHENANDOAH. 

Abigail, bark New Bedford May 25, 1865 .. . 375 

Adelaide, bark Boston Oct. 13, 1864. . . 437 

Alina, bark Newport, Eng Oct. — , 1864 ... 47C 



468 THE NATIONAL nAND-BOOK. 



Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. 

Brunswick, bark New Bedford June — , 1 8h5 . . . 226 

Catharine, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865 .. . 226 

Charter Oak, schr Boston . Oct. — , 1864. . . 140 

Congress 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865 .. . 375 

Covington, bark Warren, R. I June 28, 1865. . . 300 

Delpliine, bark London Jan. 1 3, 1 865 . . . 698 

D. Godfrey, bark Boston Dec. — , 1864 .. . 299 

Edward, bark New Bedford Dec. 4, 1864. . . 420 

Edward Cary, bark .. .San Francisco ..April 1, 1865... 370 

Euphrates, ship New Bedford June 21, 1865. . . 597 

Favorite, bark Fairhaven June 28, 1865. . . 360 

Gen. Pike, bark New Bedford June 22, 1865 ... 425 

Gen. Williams, ship... .New London June 25, 1865. . . 469 

Gipsy, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865... 390 

Harvest, bark Honolulu April 1, 1865. . . 350 

Hector, ship New Bedford April 1, 1865 . . . 

Hillman, ship New Bedford June 27, 1865. . . 600 

Isabella, bark New Bedford June 27, 1 865 ... 394 

L Howland, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865 .. . 9()0 

James Maury, bark. . .New Bedford June 28, 1865. . . 400 

Jireh Swift, laark New Bedford June 23, 1 865 . . •. 360 

Kate Prince, ship Cardift^ Nov. 12, 1864. . . 997 

Lizzie M. Stacy, schr.. .Boston Nov. 13, 1864. . . 140 

Martha 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, 1 865 ... 298 

Milo, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865 . . . 50o 

Nassau, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865. . . 450 

Nile, bark New London June 22, 1865. . . 380 

Nimrod, bark New Bedford June 25, 1865. . . 340 

Pearl, bark New London April 1, 1865... 275 

Sophia Thornton, ship. New Bedford June 23, 1865. . . 400 

Susan Abigail, bark. . . San Francisco June 23, 1 865 ... 159 

Susan, brig San Francisco June 4, 1865. . . 

Waverley, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865. . . 450 

W. Thompson, ship... New Bedford June 22, 1865... 600 

Wm. C. Nye, bark San Francisco. June 26, 1865. . . 388 

BY THE FLORIDA. 

Aldebaran, schr New York Mar. 13, 

Anglo Saxon, ship. . . .Liverpool Aug. 21, 

Arabella, brig Aspinwall Ian. 12, 

B. F. Hoxie, ship Mazatlan June 16, 

Clarence, brig Bahia , 

Commonwealth, ship . .New York April 17, 

Corris Ann, brig Philadelphia Jan. 22, 

David Lapsley, bark. . .Sombrero. . .' , 

Electric Spark, str New York July 10, 



1863.. 


,. 187 


1863.. 


.. 868 


1863.. 


. 291 


1863.. 


.1387 


1863.. 


. 253 


1863.. 


.1245 


1863.. 


, . 235 




, . 289 


1864.. 


.1400 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 469 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. 

Estella, brig Matizanilla Jan. \1, 1863... 300 

F. B Cutting, ship Liverpool Aug. 6, 1863 . . 79(3 

Geo. Latimer, schr Baltimore May 18, . . . 198 

Gen. Berry, bark . . . .New Yorli .July 10, . . . 469 

Golconda, bark Talcahuana July 8, 1 864 . . . 33 1 

Greenland, bark Philadelphia July 9, 1864. . . 549 

Har't Stephens, bark . .Portland , . . . 500 

J. Jacob Bell, ship Foochow Feb. 12, 1863. . .1382 

Kate Stewart, schr Philadelphia June — , 18G3 . . . 387 

Lapwing, bark Boston Mar. 27, 1863. . . 590 

Mary Alvina, brig Boston June — , ls63 . . . 266 

M. A. Schiuler, schr.. .Port Royal June 12, 1863. . . 299 

Mary Y. Davis, schr. . .Port Royal July 9, 1864. . . 270 

M. J. Colcord, bark . . .New York Mar. 30, 1863. . 374 

Mondamin, bark Rio Janeiro Sept. — , 1864. . . 886 

Red Gauntlet, ship Buena Vista May 26, 1863. . .1038 

Rienzi, schr Province town .July 7, 1863 ... 95 

Southern Rights, ship. Rangoon Aug. 22, 1863 . . . 830 

Southern Cross. Boston June 6, 1863... 938 

Star of Peace, ship Calcutta. Mar. 6, 1863 ... 941 

Sunrise, ship New York July — , 1863. . . 1174 

Tacony, bark Port Royal June 12, 1 863 . . . 296 

Varnum H. Hill, schr .Provincetown June 27, 1852. . . 90 

Wm. B. Nash, brig. . . . New York July 8, 1 863 . . . 299 

Wm. C. Clark, brig Machias, Me June 1 7, ... 338 

Windward, brig Matanzas Jan. 22, 1863 ... 199 

Zealand, bark New Orleans June 10, 1864. . . 380 

BY THE SUMTER. 

Abbie Bradford, schr.. July 25, 1861... 180 

Albert Adams, brig. . . .Cuba July 5, 1861 .. . 192 

Alvarado, bark Cape Town June — , 1861 . . . 299 

Arcade, schr Portland Nov. 20, 1861 .. . 122 

Benj. Dunning, brig ... Cuba July 5, 1861... 284 

B. F. Martin, brig Philadelphia June 16, 1861 .. . 293 

California, bark St. Thomas , 1861 .. . 299 

Cuba, brig New York ..July 4, 1861... 19v» 

D. Trowbridge, schr. . . New York Oct. 27, 1861... 200 

Eben Dodge, bark New Bedford Dec. 8, 1S6I . . .1222 

Glen, bark Philadelphia July—, 18^1... 287 

Golden Rocket, ship.. .Havana July 13, 1861 .. . 608 

Henry Nutt, schr Key West Aug. — , 1 861 . . . 235 

Jos. Maxwell, bark Philadelphia July 27, 1861 .. . 295 

Joseph Parks, brig. . . .Pernambuco Dec. 25, 1861 . . . 300 

J. S. Harris, ship Cuba , IS^il... 800 

Louisa KLlham, bark . .Cienfuegos July 6, 1861 .. . 468 



470 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Name of Vessels. 
Machias, brig . . .. 

Naiad, brig 

N. Chase, schr. . . 
Neapolitan, bark 
Ocean Eagle 



Where from. 



Date of Capture. 



•July 
• July 



4 

New York Sept. — , 

Messina Feb. 

Rockland Feb. 

Santa Clara, brig. Porto Rico Feb. 

Sebasticook, ship Liverpool Feb. — , 

Vigilant, ship New York Dec. 3, 

West Wind, bark New York July 6 

W. S. Robins, bark Arroya June — 



1862. 
1861. 
1861. 
1862. 
1861. 
1861. 
18rtl. 
ISe^l. 
1861. 
1861, 



BY THE TALLAHASSEE. 



Adriatic, ship .London Aug. 

A. Richards, brig Glace Bay, C. B Aug. 

Arcole, ship New Orleans Nov. 

Atlantic, schr Addison, Me 

Bay State, bark Alexandria, Va Aug. 

Billow, brig Calais, Me Aug. 

Carrie Estelle, brig Machias, Me Aug. 

Castine, ship Callao Jan. 

Coral Wreath, brig Aug. 

Etta Caroline, str Aug. 

Flora Reed, schr Aug 

Glenhaven, bark Glasgow Aug. 

Goodspeed, schr Boston Nov. 

Howard, bark Aug. 

Jas Littlefield, ship... .Cardiflf Aug. 

J. H. Howen, schr Gloucester Aug. 

L. Dupont, schr Wilmington, Del Aug. 

Magnolia, schr .... Aug. 

Mercy Howe, schr Chatham Aug. 

N. America, schr Connecticut 

P. C. Alexander, bark.. New York 

Pearl, schr Aug. 

Rasselas, schr Boothbay, Me Aug. 

Roan, brig Salisbury Aug. 

S. A. Boyce, schr Boston Aug. 

Sarah Louisa, schr 

Spokane, schr Calais, Me Aug. 



12, 1863. 



11, 


18i;3 


3, 


1863 


ii! 


18G3 


10, 


1863 


11, 


1864 


25, 


1863 


11, 


1863 


10, 


1868 


15, 


1863 


13 


1863 


2 


1864 


15 


1864 


14 


1864 


14 


1864 


1.3, 


1864 


15, 


1864 


15, 


1864 


— 


1864 


— 


1864 


16 




23, 


1863 


20, 


1864 


11, 


1864 


— 


1864 


12, 


1864 



BY THE TACONY. 



Ada, schr Gloucester June 23, 1 863 . . . 90 

Arabella, brig Gloucester June 12, 1863. . . 200 

Archer, schr Gloucester June 24, 1863. . . 100 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 471 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. 

Byzantium, ship London June 16, 1863. . .1048 

Elizabeth Ann, schr. . .Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 100 

Florence, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 200 

Goodspeed, bark Londonderry June 23, 1863 . . . 629 

Isaac Webb, ship Liverpool June 20, 1863. . . 1300 

L. A. Macomber, schr. .Noank June 20, 1863 .. . 100 

Ma'engo, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 200 

Ripple, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 150 

Ru!us Choate Gloucester June 22, 1863... 100 

Shattemuc, ship Liverpool June 24, 1863 . . . 849 

Umpire, brig Laguna June 15, 1863... 196 

Wanderer, schr. Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 125 



BY THE CLARENCE. 

A. H. Partridge, schr. .Gloucester June 1, 1863. . . 100 

C. Gushing, cutter Portland June 24, 1863... 1 50 

Whistling Wind, bark . . Philadelphia June 6, 1863 ... 349 



BY THE SALLIE. 

Betsey Ames, brig Cuba Oct. — , 1861 .. . 265 

Grenada, brig Neuvitas Oct. 13, 1861. . . 255 



BY THE GEORGIA. 

Bold Hunter, ship Dundee Dec. 9, 1863. . . 797 

City of Bath, ship Callao June 28, 1863. . . 79 

Constitution, ship Philadelphia June 25, 1863 ... 97 

Crown Point, ship New York May 16, 1863... 1053 

Dictator, ship Liverpool April 25, 1863... 1293 

Geo. Griswold, ship. . .Cardiff June 18, 1863. . .1280 

Good Hope, bark Boston June 22, 1863. . . 436 

John Watt, ship Maulmain Oct. — , 1863 ... 947 

J. W. Seaver, bark. . .Boston June 22, 1863... 340 

Prince of Wales, ship. .Callao July 16, 1863. . . 960 



BY THE JEFF DAVIS. 

D. C. Pierce, bark Remedies June — , 

Ella, schr Tampico , 

Enchantress, schr Boston July 16, 

Jno. Crawford, ship.. . .Philadelphia Aug. — , 

John Welsh, brig Trinidad July 16, 



1861... 


306 


1861... 


92 


1861... 


200 


1861... 


___ 


1861... 


275 



29, 


1864.. 


. 237 


31, 


1864.. 


. 49-2 


30, 


1864.. 


. 400 


31, 


1864.. 


. 957 



472 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tona 

Rowena, bark Laguayra June — , 1861... 340 

S. J. Waring, schr.... New York July 16, 1861... 372 

W. McGilvery, brig. . .Cardenas July — 1861 ... 198 

BY THE WINSLOW. 

Herbert, schr June 18, 1861... 100 

Itasca, brig Neuvitas Aug. 4, 1861... 300 

Mary Alice, schr .. . .Porto Rico July — , 1861... 181 

Priscilla, sclir Curafoa July — , 1861... 144 

Transit, schr New London July 15, 1861 . . . 195 

BY THE CHICKAMAUGA. 

Albion Lincoln, bark. .Portland Oct. 

Emma L. Hall, bark.. .Cardenas Oct. 

Mark L. Potter, bark. . .Bangor Oct. 

Shooting Star, ship. . . .New York Oct. 



BY THE OLUSTEE. 

A. J. Bird, schr Rockland Nov. 3, 1864... 178 

Empress Teresa, bark. . Rio Janeiro Nov. 1, 1864. . . 316 

E. F. Lewis, schr Portland Nov. 3, 1864. . . 197 

T. D. Wagner, brig Fort Monroe N(»v. 3, 1864. . . 390 



BY THE RETRIBUTION. 

Emily Fisher, brig St. Jago Mar. — , 1863 .. . 230 

Hanover, schr Boston Jan. 31, 1863... 2oO 

J. P. Ellicott, brig Boston Jan. 10, 1863... 231 



BY THE ST. NICHOLAS. 

Mary Pierce, schr Boston July 1, 1862. . . 192 

Margaret, schr. July 29, 1862... 206 

Monticello, brig. Rio Janeiro July 1,1862... 8oO 



BY THE CALHOUN. 

John Adams, schr Provincetown May — -, 

Mermaid, schr Provincetown May — , 

Panama, brig Provincetown May 29, 



1861... 


100 


1861... 


200 


1861... 


163 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ^73 



BY THE NASHVILLE. 

Name of Yeseelt. Where from. Date of Capture. Toi:.«. 

Harvey Birch, ship Havre Nov. 19, 1862. . . 800 

R. GimUan, schr Philadelphia Feb. 26, 1862. . . 240 

BY THE BOSTON. 

Lenox, bark New York June 12, 1863... 37^, 

Texana, bark New York June 12, 1863, . . 588 

BY THE SAVANNAH. 
Joseph, brig Cardenas June 15, 1861... 17) 

BY THE LAPWING. 
KateDywer, ship Callao June 17, 1863... 127S 

BY THE ECHO. 

M. E. Thompson, brig. . July 9, 1862... 210 

Mary Goodell, schr. . .. July 9, 1862... 200 

BY THE YORK. 
G. V. Boker, schr Galveston Aug. 9, 1861 ... 100 

BY THE CONRAD. 
Santee, ship Akyab Aug. 5, 1863. . . 808 

BY THE TUSCARORA 
Living Age, ship Akyab Sept. 13, 1863. ..1193 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A. B. Thompson, ship.. Savannah May 19, 1861... 800 

Alleghanian, ship. ...Baltimore Oct. 21, 1862. ..1142 

Alliance, schr Philadelphia Sept.—, 1863... 190 

Boston, tug June 9 1863... 100 



474 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons, 

Chesapeake, steamer. .New York Dec. 7, 1863... 460 

Golden Rod, schr Holmes' Hole Sept. — , 1863. . 130 

Hannah Balch, brig... Cardenas July 6,1862.. 149 

Harriet Lane. L'unbt. . .Galveston Jan. 11, 1863... 325 

James L. Gerity Matamoros Oct. — , 1863... 90 

J. R. Watson, schr New York July 13, 1861... 20o 

Lydia Francis, brig. . . . July 15, 1862. . . 262 

Pearl, schr Moriches — '■ , 1862... 183 

Protector, schr Cuba June — , 1861 . . . 200 

Sea Bird, sch Philadelphia , 1868. . . 200 

Sea Witch, schr Baracoa ,1861... 95 

Union, schr Baltimore Dec 5, 1862... 115 

'•^J^-am the Commercial and Financial Chronicle. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



475 



APPOINTMENT FOR CONGRESSMEN. 



ADD TWO TO EACH 8TATE FOR SENATORS WILL ttlVE THE 
ELECTORAL VOTE OF EACH STATE. 



Alabama 8 

Arkansas 4 

California 4 

Connecticut 4 

Colorado 1 

Delaware 1 

Florida 2 

Georgia 9 

Illinois 19 

Indiana 13 

Iowa 9 

Kansas. . . 3 

Kentucky 10 

Louisiana 6 

Maine 5 

Maryland 6 

Massachusetts 11 

Michigan 9 

Minnesota 3 



Mississippi 6 

Missouri 13 

Nebraska 1 

Nevada 1 

New Hampshire 3 

New Jersey 7 

New York 33 

North Carolina 8 

Ohio 20 

Oregon 1 

Pennsylvania 27 

Rhode Island 2 

South Carolina 5 

Tennessee 10 

Texas 6 

Vermont 3 

Virginia 9 

West Virginia 3 

Wisconsin 8 



Total, , 
Total electoral vote, 369 



.293 



470 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



POPULAE AND ELECTORAL 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut. . . . . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 
New Jersey . . . . 

New York 

North Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Oregon. ... 

Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island . . . 
South CaroHna . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont , 

Virginia 

"West Virginia . . 
Wisconsin , 



1860. 



Total. 



Kep 

Lincoln. 



39,173 

43,792 

3,sl5 



172,161 

139,033 

70,409 

1,364 

62', 811 

2,294 

106,533 

88,480 

22,069 

17,028 



37,519 

68,324 

362,646 

231,610 

5,270 

268,030 

12,244 

Electors 



33,808 
1,929 

86,110 



.452 



Dcm. Dem, 

Douijlas. Breckenridffe. 



13,651 

5,227 

38,516 

15,522 

1,023 

367 

11,590 

160,215 

115,509 

55,111 

25,651 

7,625 

26,693 

6,966 

34,372 

65,057 

11,920 

3,283 

58,801 



25,881 

62,801 

312,510 

2,701 

187.232 

3,951 

16,765 

7,707 

chosen by 

11,350 

6,849 
16,290 

65,021 



1,375,157 



48,831 
28,732 
34,334 
14,641 

7.337 

8.543 
61,889 

2,404 
12,295 

1,048 

53,143 

22,681 

6,368 

42,482 

5,939 

805 

748 

40,797 

31,317 



2,112 



48,539 

11,405 

5,006 

178,871 

the Legis- 

64,709 

47,548 

218 

74,323 

'888 



847,953 



la 18&4, wh. Tote, 4,000,850 ; Linc/s maj ., 406,812.— lu 1860, wh.vote, 4,680,193 ; Line, or 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



47-7 



POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . , 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire, 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . 
Rhode Island. . . 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia. 



West Virginia. 



Wisconsin. 



1864. 



McCll'n 
Dem. 



43,841 

42,285 
8,767 



158,730 
130,233 

49,596 
3,691 

64,301 

42,211 

32,739 
48,745 
74,604 
17,375 



Lincoln. 
Rep. 



62,134 

44,691 

8,155 



189,496 
150,422 

89,075 
16,441 
27,766 

61,803 
40,153 
126,742 
91,521 
25,060 



31,678 72,750 



6,594 

32,871 

68,024 

361,986 

205,568 
8,457 

276,316 
8,470 



13,321 

10,438 
65,884 



9,826 

36,400 

60,723 

368,735 

265,154 

9,888 

296,391 

13,692 



42,419 

23,152 

83,458 



Total 1,808,725 2,216,067 2,907,613 3,015,071 



1868. 



Seymr. 
Dem. 



72,088 
19,078 
54,077 
47,952 
10,980 

102,722 

199,143 

166,980 

74,040 

13,990 

115,890 

80,225 

42,460 

62,357 

59,408 

97,069 

28,075 

65,628 

5,439 

5,218 

31,224 

83,001 

429,883 

84,601 

238,606 

11,125 

313,382 

6,548 

45,237 

26,129 

12,045 

20,306 
84,707 



Grant. 
Pud. 



76,366 
22,112 
54^583 
50,995 
7,623 

57,134 

250,303 

176,548 

120,399 

31,048 

39,586 

33,263 

70,493 

30,438 

136,477 

128,550 

43,545 

86,860 

9,729 

6,480 

38,191 

80,131 

419,883 
96,769 

280,223 
10,961 

342,280 
12,993 
62,301 
56,328 

44,167 

29,175 
108,857 



Lincoln's majority over McClellan, 407,342; Grant's over 
Seymour, 305,458. 



478 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiania 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. .. 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . 
Rhode Island. . . 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont. 



Virginia 

West Virginia. 
Wisconsin. ... 



1872. 




Grant. 


Greeley. 




90,272 


79,441 




41,296 


38.448 




54,044 


43,347 




50,638 


45,780 


1 


11.116 


10,208 




17,765 


15,428 




62,715 


76,278 




241,248 


184,770 




186,144 


163,637 




131,233 


71,119 




66,942 


32,970 




88,970 


100,208 




71,663 


57,029 




61,422 


29,087 




66,760 


67,687 




133,472 


59,260 




138,455 


78,355 




54,558 


34,327 




82,406 


47,287 




119,196 


151,433 




18,245 


7,745 




8,413 


6,236 




37,184 


31,421 




91,611 


76,801 




440,746 


387,279 




94,304 


62,494 




281,852 


244,321 




11,818 


7,745 




349,689 


211,961 




13,665 


5,329 




72,290 


22,703 




83,655 


94,391 




47,406 


66,500 




41,480 


10,926 




92,953 


93,424 




32,323 


29,533 




104,942 


86,477 




3,597.070 


2,834,079 



The total scattering vote of 33,293 was nearly all for Charles O'Conor. The 
death of Horace Greeley caused the vote in the Electoral College to be 
divided— each State voting for their favorite candidate. 




RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. 

Rutherford Birchard Hayes, the Republican 
candidate for President of the United States, was born 
in Delaware, Ohio, on the fourth of October, 1822. 
His ancestors settled in this country in the Seven- 
teenth Century, and at once identified themselves with 
the commercial, political and religious interests of 
the land of their adoption. Possessing intelligence, 
refinement and patriotism, they were held m high 
esteem and honored as valued members of society. 
Some of them evinced their patriotism by their faith- 
ful services in the war of the Revolution, and pa- 
tiently endured the privations and sufferings of that 
trying period of our national history. The blood that 
flowed in their veins belonged to the world's best 
type— the blood of noble England and sturdy Scot- 
land. Descending from such ancestors it is not sur- 
prising that Rutherford Birchard Hayes should possess 
those qualities of heart and mind that form the basis 
of an enero-etic, solid and symmetrical character; 
31 481 



482 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

neither is it stran^fe that, in his public services, he 
should prove so efficient and deservedly popular. He 
pursued a collegiate course at Kenyon College, and 
graduated with distinction at the age of twenty. 

Having chosen the law as a profession, he began 
at once to fit himself for its duties by careful study, 
and graduated at Harvard University Law School in 
1845. He immediately began the practice of law in 
Cincinnati, and soon was recognized as an honest, 
able and successful advocate. His professional serv- 
ices were in great demand, and the skill and fidelity 
with which he managed some very difficult cases, 
evoked high eulogiums from members of the bar, and 
gave him the reputation of being one of the most ac- 
complished and brilliant members of the profession. 
He was married in 1832 to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, 
of Chillicothe, and as this lady is destined to receive, 
with her distinguished husband, a large share of pub- 
lic attention, it is fitting that some reference should 
be made to her in this brief sketch. 

It is said that she enjoys the highest respect of 
all classes, and richly merits their confidence and ad- 
miration. Her nature is gentle and genial, and over- 
flows with the spirit of kindness and love. She is 
distinguished by genuine artlessness and true 
womanly modesty. She is regarded as a brilliant 
conversationalist, charming the social circle with her 
refined and graceful intercourse. She is also a lady 
of great personal beauty, and invariably makes a 
pleasing impression upon all wlio come in contact 
with her vivacious and magnetic spirit. Her toilet 
shows a taste, which shuns folly and extravagance 
on the one hand, and a severe simplicity on the other. 
Her excellent example in this respect has been much 
admired by ladies of good taste, and it is hoped that 
it may be imitated by the fair sex, not only in promi- 
nent official circles, but in all the diversified ranks of 
social life. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 483 

In 1858 Mr. Hayes was elected to the office of 
City Solicitor, and held the position until 1861, dis- 
charging its duties with rare devotion and ability. 
As an evidence of his great popularity with the 
people at this time, it is stated that Avhen re-elected 
in 1859 to this office, he ran ahead of his ticket more 
than five hundred votes, and his administration Avas 
commended by his political antagonists as cordially 
as by his warmest personal friends. At the com- 
mencement of the civil war he was on the highway 
to political preferment, and his friends Avere ready to 
crown him with Congressional honors ; but he delib- 
erately thrust aside the alluring prize, and joined 
the brave defenders of the nation, in the hour of its 
weakness and peril. He was a positive, pronounced 
Unionist, and boldly avowed his sentiments on all 
suitable occasions. In January, 1861, he wrote as 
follows : " South Carolina has passed a Secession or- 
dinance, and Federal laws are set at naught in the 
State. Overt acts enough have been committed, forts 
and arsenals have been taken, a revenue cutter 
seized, and Major Anderson besieged in Fort Sum- 
ter. Disunion and civil war are at hand ; and yet I 
fear disunion and war less than compromise. We 
can recover from them. The free States alone, if we 
must go on alone, will make a glorious nation. I do 
not feel gloomy when I look forward. The reality 
is less frightful than the apprehension which we have 
all had these many years. Let us be temperate, 
calm, and just, but firm and resolute. Crittenden's 
compromise ! Win dam, speaking of the rumor that 
Bonaparte was about to invade England^ said : ' The 
danger of invasion is by no means equal to that of 
peace. A man may escape a pistol, no matter how 
near his head, but not a dose of poison.' " These 
words show that he clearly apprehended the position 
of the nation at this early stage of its crisis, and felt 
that the Union must be preserved. In May, 1861, 



484 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

he wrote very forcibly and feelingly of his purpose 
and personal feeling concerning the war. " Judge 
Matthews and I have agreed to go into the service 
for the war, if possible, into the same regiment. I 
S})oke my feelings to him, Avhicli he said were his 
also, viz., that this was a just and necessary war ; that 
it demanded the whole power of the country, and 
that I would prefer to go into it if I knew I was to 
die or be killed in the course of it, rather than live 
through and after it without taking any part in it." 
Brave, noble words ! The war came, and one of his 
most cheering reflections to-day is, that he took 
" part in it," and aided in suppressing the rebellion. 
In company with Judge Matthews, an old classmate, 
he immediately attempted to raise a regiment ; and 
so successful was the effort that men enough for two 
regiments were enlisted. 

From these recruits the Twenty-Third Ohio In- 
fantry was formed, and R. B. Hayes was ajDpointed 
Major. 

Not having received a military education, he de- 
sired that the command should be given to an officer 
of experience, and accordingly Col. W. S. Rosecrans 
was placed in command, and Major Hayes served as 
Judge Advocate on his staff. Afterwards he receiv- 
ed the commission of Lieutenant-Colonel, and con- 
ducted a spirited and successful campaign against 
the roving bands of guerillas that infested the Rich 
Mountain territory. In August, 1862, his regiment 
was transferred to Washington, and became a part of 
McClelland's army, and soon after participated in the 
battle of Antietam. Col. Hayes' command opened 
the engagement at South Mountain by firing the first 
shot, and was severely cut up in the battle. Col. 
Hayes, in this action, received a severe wound, and 
being disabled was compelled to retire for a few mo- 
ments ; but soon was seen rushing again into the 
thickest of the fight and continued in the action un- 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 485 

til he became so exhausted that he had to be carried 
from the field. In the fall of 1862 his command was 
again assigned to service in Western Virginia, and 
passed through many severe hardships. 

It participated in the battle of Floyd Mountain, 
in 1864, and afterwards joined General Hunter's 
command in the Shenandoah Valley. The battle of 
Winchester commenced at 10 A.M., on the* 19th of 
September, 1864, and Col. Hayes gallantly led the 
First Brigade of Gen. Crook's commaud into action. 
As he approached the rebel position, he discovered 
that a deep, dangerous slough intervened between 
him and the enemy's battery, and his men suddenly 
halted on its verge, as though unwilling to cross. He 
saw the peril of the hour, and immediately dashed 
into the morass, but soon his horse sank helplessly 
into the mire, and he was obliged to dismount and 
wade to the other side. Inspired by his example his 
men followed, and while some were shot, and others 
drowned as they struggled through the slough, the 
brigade pressed on, climbed the bank, and drove the 
enemy before them. Subsequently in the battles of 
Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he displayed great 
gallantry, and was accordingly brevetted Major- 
General, for his meritorious conduct on these occa- 
sions. 

Before the close of the war he was elected to Con- 
gress, and in 1866 he w^as re-elected, but resigned be- 
fore the close of his term, in order to accept the nom- 
ination of Governor which was persistently pressed 
upon him by the Republican State party. In 1867 
he was elected Governor of Ohio, and is now serving 
his third term in the gubernatorial chair, with marked 
ability and fidelity. The most renowned Democrats 
of Ohio could not stand before him in the political 
contest, and we believe that the man who fought re- 
bellion in the South, and conquered the champions 
of Democracy in his own State, will so completely 



486 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

annihilate his present opponent that the name of 
Samuel J. Tilden will forever be knoAvn as the name 
of a defeated partisan, a vanquished foe. 

Thus we perceive that Mr. Hayes has a good politi- 
cal record, and especially has he a noble military 
record, which, if not so impressive and brilliant as 
some, is, nevertheless, stainless and heroic. His chil- 
dren may gaze upon that record without a blush of 
shame, and his countrymen will ever view it with 
patriotic pride and thankfulness. There is nothing 
in his military career demanding apology, and there 
is nothing requiring labored defence. The powerful 
party, whose standard-bearer he has consented to be- 
come, feel that they have made a wise selection, and 
can safely trust the clear head and warm heart of 
R. B. Hayes. The man who could say, as the stormy 
blast of the Rebellion broke upon the nation, " I pre- 
fer to go into this war and die in the course of it, 
ratlier than to live through and after it, ivithout tak- 
ing part in it,'^ can never be charged with disloyalty, 
and his supporters will never be under the painful 
necessity of defending him from the charge of sym- 
patliizing with Secessionists, and aiding them in their 
attempts to overthrow the best government of modern 
or ancient times. If, at the commencement of the 
war, some who now unblushingly ask the favor of 
presiding over the political destiny of the American 
nation, could so demean themselves as to express 
their sympathy for Soutliern demagogues and Seces- 
sionists, Rutherford B. Hayes could not so degrade 
his manhood and so basely betray his country as to 
imitate their pernicious example. Some one may 
liave had so little love of country as to say of the 
war for the Union, " I have no sympathy Avith its ob- 
jects," but R. B. Hayes could never school his tongue 
to utter such a sentiment. Some may have been so 
blinded by political prejudice and passion as to 
[)r()Hounce the ''war a failure,'' but R. B. Hayes 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 487 

could not and did not deem it a failure, for he was 
on the field, face to face with the foe, and saw the 
broken, shattered armies of the rebellion fleeing be- 
fore the determined and victorious legions of the 
Union. When urged to leave the army and engage 
in the canvass for his election to Congress, he wrote 
as follows : " I have other business just now. Any 
man who would leave the army at this time to elec- 
tioneer for Congress ought to be scalped." His record 
in this respect will remain untarnished through the 
stirring political campaign upon which the two great 
parties are entering with so much eagerness and 
warmth. 

Contrast this record with that of the rival candi- 
date for the Presidency, and who can hesitate one 
moment in deciding how to use that grandest privilege 
of a free and intelligent man — tlie privilege of the 
ballot? Samuel J. Tilden claims to be a reformer, 
and the party placing him in nomination claims that 
his election will result in the most marvellous reforms 
in politics, in commerce, in social life, and will so 
thoroughly purif}' every department of State, that the 
horizon will glow with the light of a spotless political 
sun. But, unfortunately, the Democratic party is 
hopelessly wedded to its old-time measures, and can 
deceive no one with the stupid, hypocritical cry of 
reform. It owns the men who bear its banners, and 
not one, reformer though he be, can carry his indi- 
viduality and independence into office, but must bow 
down and do its bidding just as servilely to-day as 
ever in the past. Reform ! Look at the recent Con- 
gress. Sitting in the house were sixty -four Demo- 
cratic members who were once acting, either as officers 
or soldiers, in the Confederate army ; and although 
they have had a " majority of nearly two-thirds," yet, 
with all their boasted ideas of reform, dandled upon 
the knees of their most eminent party nurses, paraded 
and applauded by their most eloquent orators, until 



488 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

they have bawled themselves hoarse, they have not 
originated one single useful measure, nor advanced a 
single step in the way of reform. They have not 
touched our difficulties, nor afforded the least degree 
of relief to the suffering interests of the countiy. We 
have heard their melancholy recital of wrongs, their 
murmurings and repinings against the Administration, 
and we have seen how swift and keen they are on the 
scent for corruption ; but where is the great reform 
they propose to effect ? We have no hope of reform 
through the Democratic party. Its past history and 
its present political affiliations show that it cannot be 
a party of reform, and its campaign cry of '^ Reform ! " 
" Reform ! " is a cheat and a lie. Let Samuel J. Tilden 
be elected, and he Avill be the President of the South, 
elected by Southern votes, and pledged to favor 
Southern interests. What will be the character of his 
reform when the old lash that scourged the poor slave's 
back is shaken threateningly before his eyes, and the old 
demon of slavery lifts up its scarred and bloody form, 
demanding recognition and asking to be entln-oned 
once more in the capitol of the nation ! We are told 
that it is unkind to spea.k of Southern Democrats as 
rebels, or recall in any Avay the struggle of the past. 
We are assured that rebels are subdued, and, with 
some degree of pity for our ignorance, we are told 
that slavery is dead. 

But who subdued rebels — did the Democratic 
party ? Who struck the death-blow to slavery — did 
the Democratic party, Avith Samuel J. Tilden, the 
reformer, at its head ? 

But, admitting that rebels are extinct and that 
slavery is dead, it must still be confessed that they 
possess so much animation and life that it is quite 
difficult sometimes to believe that they have actually 
expired. Insulting the black men of the South as 
they march through the streets, intimidating them at 
the polls, hanging them to the most convenient 
branch, and shooting them down in cold blood, are 



OF AMERICAN PKOGRESS. 489 

deeds that give sorry proof of the extinction of rebels 
and death of slavery. 

It is too early in the history of the restored Union 
to place the government in the hands of the men who, 
for long and weary years of strife and blood, sought to 
desolate and destroy it. They are still too arrogant, too 
revengeful, and too sectional to be entrusted with the 
supervision of the Government. We see, therefore, the 
necessity of retaining in power the party whose 
sympathy, influence and valor, saved the country from 
the bloody grasp of the rebellion, and gave it the 
prosperity and peace it has since enjoyed. At the 
head of that party, as its chosen standard-bearer 
stands the loyal and heroic Hayes. He never identi- 
fied himself with corrupt rings ; he never made rail- 
road corporations pour their treasures into his purse ; 
he never pronounced the war an "outrage " and a 
" failure ;" he never consorted and conspired with 
Secessionists to destroy the Union ; but he bravely 
defended it by his words, and went to the field and 
fought and bled for its perpetuity, while Samuel J. 
Tilclen, the reformer, stayed at home, feeding the 
Southern fire that burned in his Democratic heart, 
and wearing the brand of an Anti-Unionist upon his 
brow. The man who, a few years ago, tried tp wreck 
this nation, is not the man to rule it to-day. We turn 
from such a man to R. B. Hayes with hope and con- 
fidence. 

His record as a citizen and a soldier is untarnished ; 
and the distinguished services he has rendered, his 
high moral character, and his splendid abilities as a 
statesman, indicate that he will not disappoint the 
eager expectations of his fellow-citizens. 

Ohio presents him as a candidate worthy to occupy 
the highest position in the gift of the nation, and her 
sister States, with one accord, are preparing to wel- 
come him to the Prgfeidential Chair, as the immediate 
successor of the loyal and invincible Grant. So mote 
it be. 



490 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



WILLIAM A. WHEELER. 

William A. Wheeler, the Republican candidate 
for the Vice-Presidency of the United States, was 
born at Malone, Franklin County, New York, June 
30th, 1819, and is now in his fifty-seventh year. 
His ancestors were of English and Welsh extrac- 
tion. Mr. Wheeler received an academic education 
in his native town, and entered the University of 
Vermont in 1886, when only 17 years of age. After 
leaving the University he began the study of hxw, and, 
being admitted to the Bar, commenced the practice 
of his profession with marked success. He became 
very popular with his clients and neighbors as an 
advocate, and all classes, irrespective of political 
views, held him in high esteem. The Democrats of 
F]"anklin County offered him the nomination of Dis- 
trict Attorney, in 1848, and deeming it his duty to 
accept the nomination, he was elected, and i)erformed 
the duties of the office with the hearty approval of 
his constituents. In 1849 he was elected a member 
of the Assembly, by the Whig party, after a warm 
contest, and was re-elected in 1850. 

After completing his term of service in the As- 
sembly, he abandoned public life, for a season, and 
devoted himself more particularly to business pur- 
suits. He became cashier of the Bank of Malone, 
and retained the responsible position for a period of 
fourteen years. He displayed such sound financial 
judgment, and was so thoroughly methodical and 
business-like in his policy, that he won the esteem 
and confidence of all who had any business transac- 
tions with him. In 1857 he was "elected President of 
the Ogdensburgh and Rouses Point Rail Road, and 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 491 

exercised a judicious supervision over its interests for 
eleven years. 

When the Whig party, with which he had been 
identified, was replaced by the Republican organiza- 
tion, he at once warmly espoused all its peculiar 
tenets. In 1858 he was elected State Senator, and 
was chosen Chairman of the Committees on Banks and 
Privileges and Elections. He was also chosen Presi- 
dent of the Senate, pro tern., and thus received a very 
flattering proof of the confidence of his compeers in 
his ability and integrity. In 1859 he was elected 
from the Sixteenth District, composed of the counties 
of Clinton, Essex and Franklin, to the Thirty-seventh 
Congress, and in the memorable sessions of that Con- 
gress performed his duties with great conscientiousness 
and fidelity. At the close of this Congress he retired 
to private life, but was soon summoned forth again 
into the arena of political strife. In 1867 he was 
elected a member of the State Constitutional Con- 
vention, and, at the urgent solicitation of his friends, 
accepted the chairmanship of the organization. In 
1857 he was elected to the Forty-first Congress, and 
since that date has retained his seat, and given this 
important council of the nation the benefit of his rich 
and ripe political experiences. His present promi- 
nence as a statesman is derived largely from his care- 
ful and skilful adjustment of the vexing controversies 
which so recently distracted the State of Louisiana. 
He proposed what is known as "the Wheeler Com- 
promise," which, being accepted by both political 
parties in the Louisiana Legislature, secured a peace- 
ful and happy solution of the exciting questions that 
had so seriously disturbed the peace and order of the 
State. 

The honesty and integrity of Mr. Wheeler was 
strikingly illustrated in his refusal to receive his 
"back pay," to which, by Congressioual enactment, 
he was justly entitled. 



492 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

To his letter, declining the additional compen- 
sation, the Secretary of the Treasury wrote the fol- 
lowing rep] ,7 : — 

Ti'easiiry Department, 
Washington, D. C, March 22, 18T3. 

Sir, — Your letter of the 19th inst., inclosing 
Coupon Bonds, of the Act of June 30, 1864, amount- 
ing to $3,800, and currency draft for $6,737, has 
been received. The proceeds of bonds and drafts 
have been covered into the General Treasury of the 
United States, in accordance with your wishes. 
Very Respectfully, 

W. A. Richardson, Secretary. 

Hon. W. A. Wheeler, 
Malone, Franklin County, New York. 

This action of Mr. Wheeler is very suggestive, 
and is justly commended, not only by his friends, but 
also by his political opponents. A man of such high- 
toned nature, so resolute in resisting temptation, and 
so incorruptible in his official station, may be safely 
honored with the responsible duties of the Vice- 
Presidency of the nation. Let those who would see 
manhood in all its nobility, sitting in the second place 
of national honor, gracing it with the charms of a 
quiet spirit, and a superior order of statesmanship, 
work and vote for the election of our popular and 
gifted candidate, Mr. William A. Wheeler. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 493 



THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM. 

Adopted at Cincinnati, June 15th, 1876. 

When, in the economy of Providence, this land was 
to be purged of human slavery, and when the strength 
of the Government of the people, by the people, for 
the people, was to be demonstrated, the Republican 
party came into power. Its deeds have passed into 
history, and we look back to them with pride, incited 
b}^ their memories and high aims for the good of our 
country and mankind ; and, looking to the future 
with unfaltering courage, hope, and purpose, we, the 
representatives of the party, in National Convention 
assembled, make the following declaration of prin- 
ciples : 

I. The United States of America is a nation, not a 
league. By the combined workings of the National 
and State Governments, under their respective con- 
stitutions, the rights of every citizen are secured at 
home and protected abroad, and the common welfare 
promoted. 

II. The Republican party has preserved those 
Governments to the hundredth anniversary of the 
Nation's birth, and they are now embodiments of the 
great truths spoken at its cradle — that all men are 
created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator 
with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ; that, for the 
attainment of these ends, governments have been in- 
stituted among men, deriving their just powers froin 
the consent of the governed. Until those truths are 
cheerfully obeyed, and, if needed, vigorously enforced, 
the work of the Republican party is unfinished. 



494 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

III. The permanent pacification of the Southern 
section of the Union, and the complete protection of 
all its citizens in the free enjoyment of all their rights, 
are duties to which the Republican part}' are sacredly 
pledged. [Applause.] The power to provide for the 
enforcement of the principles embodied in the recent 
constitutional amendments is vested by those amend- 
ments in the Congress of the United States, and we 
declare it to be the solemn obligation of the legislative 
and executive departments of the Government to put 
into immediate and vigorous exercise all their consti- 
tutional powers for removing any just causes of dis- 
content on the part of any class, and securing to 
every American citizen complete liberty and exact 
equality in the exercise of all civil, political, and public 
rights. [Applause.] To this end Ave imperatively 
demand a Congress and Chief Executive whose cour- 
age and fidelity to these duties shall not falter until 
these results are placed beyond dispute or recall. 
[Applause.] 

IV. In the first act of Congress signed by President 
Grant, the National Government assumed to remove 
any doubts of its purpose to discharge all just obliga- 
tions to public creditors, and solemnly pledged its 
faith to make provision at the earliest practicable 
period for the redemption of the United States notes 
in coin. [Applause.] Commercial prosperity, public 
merits, and National credit demand that this promise 
be fulfilled by a continuous and steady progress to 
specie payment. [Loud and long-continued ap- 
plause.] 

V. Under the Constitution the President and 
heads of Departments are to make nominations for 
office ; the Senate is to advise and consent to appoint- 
ments, and the House of Representatives is to accuse 
and prosecute faithless officers. The best interests of 
the public service demand that these distinctions be 
respected ; that Senators and Representatives who 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 495 

may be judges and accusers should not dictate ap- 
pointments to office. The invariable rule for appoint- 
ments should have reference to the honesty, fidelity, 
and capacity of appointees, giving to the party in 
power those places where harmony and vigor of ad- 
ministration require its policy to be represented, but 
permitting all others to be filled by persons selected 
with sole reference to efficiency of the public service, 
and the right of citizens to share in the honor of ren- 
dering faithful service to their country. 

VI. We rejoice in the quickened conscience of the 
people concerning political affairs. We will hold all 
public officers to a rigid responsibility, and engage 
that the prosecution and punishment of all who betray 
official trusts shall be speedy, thorough, and unspar- 
ing. [Cheers.] 

VII. The public school system of the several 
States is the bulwark of the American Republic, and 
with a view to its security and permanence we recom- 
mend an amendment to the Constitution of the 
United States forbidding the application of any public 
funds or property for the benefit of any school or 
institution under sectarian control. [Great cheering, 
continuing several minutes.] 

VIII. The revenue necessary for current expen- 
ditures and the obligations of the public debt must be 
largely derived from duties upon importations, which, 
so far as possible, should be so adjusted as to promote 
the interests of American labor and advance the 
prosperity of the whole country. [Cheers.] 

IX. We reaffirm our opposition to further grants 
of the public lands to corporations and monopolies, 
and demand that the national domain be devoted to 
free homes for the people. 

X. It is the imperative duty of the Government to 
so modify existing treaties with European governments 
that the same protection shall be afforded to adopted 
American citizens that is given to native-born, and 



496 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

all necessary laws be passed to protect immigrants 
in the absence of power in the State for that pur- 
pose. 

XI. It is the immediate duty of Congress to fully 
investigate the effect of the immigration and impor- 
tation of Mongolians on the moral and material 
interests of the country. [AppLause.] 

XII. The Republican party recognize with approval 
the substantial advance recently made toward the 
establishment of equal rights for Avomen by tlie many 
important amendments effected by Kepublican Legis- 
latures in the laws which concern tlie personal and 
property rehations of wives, mothers, and widows, and 
by the appointment and election of women to the 
superintendence of education, charities, and other 
public trusts. The honest demands of this class of 
citizens for additional rights and privileges and im- 
munities should be treated with respectful considera- 
tion. [Applause.] 

XIII. The Constitution confers upon Congress 
sovereign power over the Territories of the United 
States for their government, and in the exercise of 
this power it is the right and duty of Congress to 
prohibit and extirpate in the Territoi-ies that relic of 
barbarism and polygamy ; and we demand such legis- 
lation as will secure this end and the supremacy of 
American institutions in all the Territories. [Ap- 
plause.] 

XIV. The pledges which our nation has given to 
our soldiers and sailors must be fulfilled. The grateful 
people will always regard those who perilled their 
lives for the country's preservation in the kindest 
remembrance. 

XV. We sincerely deprecate all sectional feeling 
and tendencies. We therefore note with deep solic- 
itude that the Democratic party counts as its chief 
hope of success upon the electoral vote of a united 
South, secured through the efforts of those who were 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



497 



recently arrayed against the nation, and we invoke 
the earnest attention of the country to the grave truth 
that a success thus achieved woukl re-open sectional 
strife and imperil the national honor and human 
rights. 

XVI. We charge the Democratic party as being 
the same in character and spirit as when it sympa- 
thized with treason, and with making its control of 
the House of Representatives the triumph and op- 
portunity of the nation's recent foes ; with reasserting 
and applauding in the National Capitol the sentiments 
of unrepentant rebellion ; with sending Union soldiers 
to the rear; with deliberately proposing to repudiate 
the plighted faith of the Government ; with being 
equally false and imbecile upon the overshadowing 
financial question ; with thwarting the ends of justice 
by its partizan mismanagement and obstruction of 
investigation ; with proving itself, through the x)eriod 
of its ascendency in the Lower House of Congress, 
utterly incompetent to administer the Government. 
"We warn the country against trusting a party thus 
alike unworthy, recreant, and incapable. [Cheers.] 

XVH. The National Administration merits com- 
mendation for its honorable work in the management 
of domestic and foreign affairs, and President Grant 
deserves the continued and hearty gratitude of the 
American people for his patriotism and his immense 
services in war and in peace. [Cheers.] 



RESULT OF THE SEVERAL BALLOTS AT THE 
CINCINNATI CONVENTION. 





1st 


2d 


3d 


4th 


5th 


7th 


8th 


Blahie 


291 

65 
113 

96 
125 

58 

11 


298 
64 

114 
93 

111 
63 

1 
3 


293 
67 

121 
90 

113 
68 

1 
2 


292 
68 

126 
84 

108 
71 

3 

2 


287 
102 
114 
82 
95 
69 

3 

2 


308 
113 
111 

81 
85 
50 

4 

2 


351 


Haves 

Bristow 


384 
21 


Conkliiig 

ATortoii 




Ilartranft 




Jewell 








Wheeler 





Necessary for a choice ^ 379 

32 



498 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



GOV. R. B. HAYES'S LETTER OF ACCEPT- 
ANCE. 

Columbus, O., July 8, 1876 

To the Rons, Edward McPherson, Wm. A. How- 
ard, Jos. H. Rainey, and others^ Committee of 
the National Republican Conventioji. 

Gentlemex : In reply to your official communi- 
cation of June 17, by which I am informed of my 
nomination for the office of President of the United 
States by the Republican National Convention at 
Cincinnati, I accept the nomination with gratitude, 
hoping- that, under Providence, T shall be able, if 
elected, to execute the duties of the high office as a 
trust for the benefit of all the people. I do not deem 
it necessary to enter upon any extended examination 
of the declaration of principles made by the Con- 
vention. The resolutions are in accord with my 
vicAvs, and I heartily concur in the principles they 
announce. In several of the resolutions, however, 
questions are considered which are of such import- 
ance that I deem it proper to briefly express my con- 
viction in regard to them. The fifth resolution 
adopted by the Convention is of paramount interest. 
More than forty years ago a system of making ap- 
pointments to office grew up, based upon the maxim 
^' to the victors belong the spoils." The old rule, 
the true rule, that honesty, capacity, and fidelity con- 
stitute the only real qualifications for office, and that 
there is on other claim, gave place to the idea that 
party services were to be chiefly considered. All 
parties in practice have adopted this system. It has 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 499 

been essentially modified since its first introduction. 
It has not, however, been improved. At first the 
President, either directly or through the heads of de- 
partment, made all the appointments, but graduall}^ 
the appointing power, in many cases, passed into the 
control of members of Congress. The offices in these 
cases have become not merely rewards for party serv- 
ices, but rewards for services to party leaders. This 
system destroys the independence of the separate de- 
partments of the Government. " It tends directly to 
extravagance and ofiicial incapacity." It is a tempta- 
tion to dishonesty ; it hinders and impairs that 
careful supervision and strict accountability by which 
alone faithful and efficient public service can be se- 
cured ; it obstructs the prompt removal and sure 
punishment of the unworthy; in every way it de- 
grades the civil service and the character of the Gov- 
ernment. It is felt, I am confident, by a large ma- 
jority of the members of Congress, to be an intolera- 
ble burden and an unwarrantable hinderance to the 
proper discharge of their legitimate duties. It ought 
to be abolished. The reform should be thorough, 
radical and complete. We should return to the 
principles and practice of the founders of the Gov- 
ernment — supplying by legislation, when needed, 
that which was formerly the established custom. 
They neither expected nor desired from the public 
officers any partisan service. They meant that pub- 
lic officers should give their whole service to the 
Government and to the people. They meant that 
the officer should be secure in his tenure as long as 
his personal character remained untarnished and the 
performance of his duties satisfactory. If elected I 
shall conduct the administration of the Government 
upon these principles, and all constitutional powers 
vested in the Executive will be employed to estab- 
lish this reform. The declaration of principles by 
the Cincinnati Convention makes no announcement 



500 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

in favor of a single Presidential term. I do not as- 
sume to add to that declaration, but believing that 
the restoration of the civil service to the system es- 
tablished by Washington and followed by the early 
Presidents can be best accomplished by an Executive 
who is under no temptation to use the patronage of 
his office to promote his own re-election, I desire to 
perform what I regard as a duty in stating now my 
inflexible purpose, if elected, not to be a candidate 
for election to a second term. 

On the currency question I have frequently ex- 
pressed my views in public, and I stand by my record 
on this subject. I regard all the laws of the United 
States relating to the payment of tlie public indebt- 
edness, the legal-tender notes included, as constitut- 
ing a pledge and moral obligation of the Government 
which must in good faith be kept. It is my convic- 
tion that the feeling of uncertainty inseparable from 
an irredeemable paper currency, with its fluctuation 
of value, is one of the great obstacles to a revival of 
confidence and business, and to a return of prosper- 
ity. That uncertainty can be ended in but one way 
— the resumption of specie payments. But the long- 
er the instability of our money system is permitted 
to continue, the greater will be the injury inflicted 
upon our economical interests and all classes of so- 
ciety. If elected, I shall approve every aj)propriate 
measure to accomplish the desired end ; and shall 
oppose any step backward. The resolution with 
respect to the public school system is one which 
should receive the hearty support of the American 
people. Agitation upon this subject is to be appre- 
hended, until, by constitutional amendment, the 
schools are placed beyond all danger of sectarian con- 
trol or interference. The Republican party is pledged 
to secure such an amendment. 

The resolution of the Convention on the subject 
of the permanent pacification of the country, and the 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 501 

complete protection of all its citizens in the free en- 
joyment of all of their constitutional rights, is timely 
and of great importance. The condition of the 
Southern States attracts the attention and commands 
the sympathy of the people of the whole Union. In 
their progressive recovery from the effects of the 
war, their first necessity is an intelligent and honest 
administration of government which will protect all 
classes of citizens in their political and private rights. 
What the South most needs is '' peace," and peace 
depends upon the supremacy of the law. There can 
be no enduring peace if the constitutional rights of 
any portion of the people are habitually disregarded. 
A division of political parties resting merely upon 
sectional lines is always unfortunate and may be dis- 
astrous. The welfare of the South, alike with that 
of every other part of this country, depends upon the 
attractions it can offer to labor and immigration, and 
to capital. But laborers will not go, and capital will 
not be ventured where the Constitution and the laws 
are set at defiance, and distraction, apprehension, and 
alarm take the place of peace-loving and law-abiding 
social life. All parts of the Constitution are sacred 
and must be sacredly observed — the parts that are 
new no less than the parts that are old. The moral 
and national prosperity of the Southern States can 
be most effectually advanced by a hearty and gener- 
ous recognition of the rights of all, by all-— a recog- 
nition without reserve or exception. With such a 
recognition fully accorded it will be practicable to 
promote, by the influence of all legitimate agencies 
of the General Government, the efforts of the people 
of those States to obtain for themselves the blessings 
of honest and capable local government. If elected, 
I shall consider it not only my duty, but it will be 
my ardent desire to labor for the attainment of this 
end. 

Let me assure my countrymen of the Southern 



502 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Stales that if I shall be charged with the duty of 
orgatiizing an administration, it will be one which 
will regard and cherish their truest interests — the 
interests of the Avhite and of the colored people both 
and equally ; and which will put forth its best efforts 
in behalf of a civil policy which will wipe out for- 
ever the distinction between North and South in 
our common country. With a civil service organ- 
ized upon a system which will secure purity, experi- 
ence, efficiency, and economy, a strict regard for the 
public welfare solely in appointments, and the speedy, 
thorough, and unsparing prosecution and punish- 
ment of all public officers who betray official trusts; 
with a sound currency ; with education unsectarian 
and free to all ; with simplicity and frugality in pub- 
lic and private affairs, and with a fraternal spirit of 
harmony pervading the people of all sections and 
classes, we may reasonabl}^ hope that the second cen- 
tury of our existence as a nation will, by the bless- 
ing of God, be pre-eminent as an era of good feeling 
and a period of progress, prosperity, and happiness. 
Very respectfully, your fellow-citizen. 

R. B. Hayes. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 503 



HON. WILLIAM A. WHEELER'S LETTER OF 
ACCEPTANCE. 

Malone, July 15, 1876. 

The Hon. Edward McPhErson, and others of the 
Committee of the Republican National Convention : 

Gentlemen: I received on the 6tli inst. your 
communication advising me that I had been unani- 
mously nominated by the National Convention of 
Republican party, held at Cincinnati on the 14th 
ult., for the office of Vice-President of the United 
States, and requesting my acceptance of the same, 
and asking my attention to the summary of Republi- 
can doctrines contained in the platform adopted by 
the Convention. A nomination made with such 
unanimity, implies a confidence on the part of the 
Convention which inspires my profound gratitude. 
It is accepted with a sense of the responsibility which 
may follow. If elected, I shall endeavor to perform 
the duties of the office in the fear of the Supreme 
Ruler, and in the interest of the whole country. 

To the summary of doctrines enunciated by the 
Convention, I give my cordial assent. The Republi- 
can party has intrenched in the organic law of our 
land, the doctrine that liberty is the supreme, un- 
changeable law for every foot of American soil. It 
is the mission of that party to give full effect to this 
principle by '* securing to every American citizen, 
complete liberty and exact equality in the exercise of- 
all civil, political and public rights." This will be 
accomplished only when the American citizens, with- 
out regard to color, shall wear this panoply of citi- 



504 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

zenship as fully and as securely in the cane-brakes of 
Louisiana as on the banks of the St. Lawrence. 
Upon the question of our Southern relations, my 
views Avere recently expressed as a member of tlie 
Committee of the United States House of Represen- 
tatives, upon Southern Aifairs. Those views re- 
mained unchanged and were thus expressed : 

We, of the North, delude ourselves in expecting 
that the masses of the South, so far behind in many 
of the attributes of enlightened improvement and 
civilization, are, in the brief period of ten oi- fifteen 
years, to be transformed into our model Northern 
connnunities. That can onh^ come through a long 
course of patient waiting, to which no one can now 
set certain bounds. There Avill be a good deal of 
unavoidable friction, which will call for forbearance, 
and which will have to be relieved by the temperate, 
fostering care of the Government. One of the most 
potent, if not indispensable agencies in tliis direction, 
will be the devising of some system to aid in the 
education of the masses. The fact that there are 
whole counties in Louisiana in Avhich there is not 
a solitary school-house, is full of suggestion. We 
compelled these people to i-emain in the union, and 
now duty and interest demand that we leave no just 
means untried to make them good, loyal citizens. 
How to diminish the friction, how to stimulate the 
elevation of this portion of our country, are problems 
addressing themselves to our best and wisest states- 
manship. The foundation for these efforts must be 
laid in satisfying the Southern people that they are 
to have equal, exact justice accorded to them. Give 
them to the fullest extent, every blessing which the 
Government confers upon the most favored — give 
them no just cause for complaint, and then hold 
them, by every necessary means, to an exact, rigid 
observance of all their duties and obligations under 
the Constitution and its amendments, to secure to all 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 505 

within their borders, manhood and citizenship, with 
every right thereto belonging. 

The just obligations to public creditors, created 
when the Government Avas in the throes of threat- 
ened dissolution, and as an indispensable condition of 
its salvation — guaranteed by the lives and blood of 
thousands of its brave defendants — are to be kept 
with religious faith, as are all the pledges subsidiary 
thereto and confirmatory thereof. In my judgment, 
the pledge of Congress of Jan. 14, 1875, for the re- 
demption of the notes of the United States in coin, 
is the plighted faith of the nation, and national 
honor, simple honesty, and justice to the people 
whose permanent welfare and prosperity are depend- 
ent upon true money as the basis of their pecuniary 
transactions, all demand the scrupulous observance 
of this pledge ; and it is the duty of Congress to 
supplement it with such legislation as shall be neces- 
sary for its strict fulfilment. 

In our system of government, intelligence must 
give safety and value to the ballot. Hence the com- 
mon schools of the land should be preserved in all 
their vigor, while in accordance with the spirit of 
the Constitution, they and all their endowments 
should be secured by every possible and ])roper 
guaranty against every form of sectarian influence 
or control. There should be the strictest economy 
in the expenditures of the Government, consistent 
witli its effective administration, and all unnecessary 
offices should be abolished. Offices should be con- 
ferred only upon the basis of high character and 
particular fitness, and should be administered only 
as public trusts, and not for private advantage. 

The foregoing are chief among the cardinal prin- 
ciples of the Republican party, and to carry them 
into full, practical effect, is the work it now has in 
hand. To the completion of its great mission, we 
address ourselves in hope and confidence, cheered 



506 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

and stimulated by the recollection of its past achieve- 
ments ; remembering that, under God, it is to that 
party that we are indebted in this Centennial year 
of our existence, for a preserved, unbroken Union ; 
for the fact that there is no master or slave through- 
out our broad domains, and that emancipated mil- 
lions look upon the ensign of the Republic as the 
symbol of the fulfilled declaration that all men are 
created free and equal, and the guarant}" of their 
own equality, under the law, with the most highly 
favored citizen of tlie land. To the intelligence and 
conscience of all who desire good government, good 
will, good money, and universal prosperity, the Re- 
publican party, not unmindful of the imperfection 
and shortcomings of human organizations, yet with 
the honest purpose of its masses, promptly to re- 
trieve all errors and to summarily punish all offend- 
ers against the laws of the country, confidently sub- 
mit its claims for the continued support of the 
American people. Respectfully, 

William A. Wheeler. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 507 



DEMOCRATIC REFORM. 

UNION SOLDIERS REMOVED TO MAKE ROOM FOR 
REBELS, 



What the Democratic Party has already 
accomplished. 



Disabled union soldiers turned, out, and confederates of 

various grades of incompetence put in their places — 

a carnival of ignorance and imbecility — 

and a fore-taste of what we may 

expect under Tilden. 

We quote from the New York Times of August 4th, 
as follows : — 

" An examination of the table shows that there were 
discharged from tlie Doorkeeper's department 23, Union 
soldiers; from the Clerk's office, 19 Union soldiers; from 
the Post Office, 13 Union soldiers ; from the Capitol Po- 
lice 2, — making 57 Union soldiers discharged by the Demo- 
cratic House since its organization last December. A 
number of these soldiers were disabled in the service. 

" There wei'e appointed in their places, as far as can 
be ascertained, in the Doorkeeper's department, 19 Con- 
federates ; in the Clerk's office, 10 ; in the Post Office, 
14; Capitol Police 1, and 3 committee clerks — making 
47 Confederate soldiers appointed. The names of many 
of the employes of the present House, such as extra mes- 
sengers, folders, and extra committee clerks, cannot be 
ascertained for the reason that they are paid upon vouch- 
ers instead of a regular roll. A great number of those 
extra employes are ex-Confederates, and if the facts could 
be ascertained in all the cases, the number of ex-Confeder- 



508 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

ate solfliers appointed would be found to exceed the num- 
ber of Union soldiers discharged. 

" Tlie Post Office rolls show the most wanton disre- 
gard by the Confederate House of the obligations of the 
Government to its disabled soldiers, where nearly every 
man discharged served in the Union Army, and with two 
exceptions every man appointed was a Confederate.'* 

EX-REBEL OFFICIALS IN CONGRESS. 

Although allusion is frequently made to the ex-Con- 
federate element in the present Congress, there are few 
persons who have any idea as to the real numbers of this 
wing of the Democratic Party. For the benfit of some 
of our Southern subscribers we have taken the pains to 
prepare a list of these gentlemen, with titles worn by 
them while in the service of Mr. Jefferson Davis. 

Senators. 

Goldthwaite, Alabama, Adjii- Ransom, N. Carolina, Major 

tant Gen. Gen. 

Jones, Florida, Brisr Gen. Key, Tennessee, Lieut. Col. 

Gordon, Georgia, Major Gen. Maxey, Texas, Major Gen. 

Alcorn, Mississippi, Briij. Gen. Withers, Virujinia, Col. 
Cockrell, Missouri, Major Gen. 

Represeyitatives, 

Williams, Alabama, Major. Davis, N. Carolinn, Capt. 

Bradford, Alabama, Col. Scales, N. Carolina, Brijr. Gen. 

Hays, Alabama, Bri*;. Gen. Robbins, N. Carolina, Col. 

Hewitt, Alabama, Col. Vance, N. Carolina, Brit?. Gen. 

Forney, Alabama, Brig. Gen. Diorell, Tennessee, Brig. Gen. 

Lewis, AlabaiuM, Col. Wliittiiorne, Tennessee, Adj. 
Gause, Arkansas, Col. Gen. 

Slemmons, Arkansas, Brig. Gen. Atkins, Tennessee, Col. 

Gimter, Arkansas, Col. Young, Tennessee, Col. 

Smith, Georgia, Capt. Culberson, Texas, Col. 

Hartridge, Georgia, Col. Throckmorton, Texas, Brig. 
Cook, Georgia, Major Gen. Gen. 

Hill, Georgia, Col. of Kec. Douglas, Virginia, Major. 

Blackburn, Kentucky, Lieut. Cabell, Virginia, Col. 

Col. Tucker, Virgina, Capt. 

Gibson, Louisiana, Brig. Gen. Hunton, Virginia, Brig. Gen. 

Ellis, Louisiana, Capt. Ferry, Virginia, Brig. Gen. 

Levy, Louisiana, Col. Faulkner, W. Virginia, Min. to 
Lamar, Mississippi, Col. France. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 509 

Hooker, Mississippi, Col. Re;igan, Texas, Brig. Gen. 

Franklin. Missouri, Capt. Goode, Virginia, Col. 

Clark, Missouri, Brig. Gen. Hatcher, Missouri, Col. 

Yeates, N. Carolina, Major. Singleton, Mississippi, Insp. 
Waddell, N. Carolina, Lieut. Col. Gen. 

Ex-Members of Rebel Government. 

Honse, Tennessee, Major. Culberson, Texas, State Leg. 

Stephens, Georgia, Vice Pres. Harris, Georgia, State Leg. 

l?eagan, Texas, Post. Gen. Sleninions, Arkansas, State 

Hill, Georgia. Sen. Leg. 

Caperton, W. Virginia, Sen. Gimter, Arkansas, State Leg. 

Aslie, N. Carolina, Sen. , Lamar, Mississippi, Min. to 

Honse, Tennessee. Bep. Russia. 

Goode, Virginia, Hop. ])il)rell, 'J'exas, State Leg. 

Smith, Georgia, Kep. Hnnton, Virginia, State Leg. 

Hatcher, Missouri, Bep. Faulkner, W. Virginia, Min. to 

Singleton, Mississippi, Bep. France. 

Caldwell, Alabama, So. Gen. Harris, Virginia, State Leg. 

Norwood, Georgia, State Leg. Maxey, Texas, Sup. of Indian 

Candler, Georgia, State Leg. Atfairs. 

Tucker, Virginia, At. Gen. 



QUESTIONS FROM EX-GOVERNOR AND U. S. SENATOR 

BROWNLOW OF TENN., IN THE KNOXVILLE 

" CHRONICLE : " 

" Gov. Tilclen lays p-eat stress upon the burdens of 
taxation we are compelled to endure, and the weig^ht of 
them we are not disposed to controvert. They are heavy 
and 2;rievous, and every time we are pressed with their 
weio^ht we feel like hurlinor anathemas at those reckless 
Democrats who imposed them upon us. The great Re- 
public was gettino^ along very well in 1860, in so far as 
the prosperity of its citizens was concerned ; and, althou£>;h 
the Government credit was bad, it took but $60,000,000 
a year to run it. There was no national debt of any con- 
sequence. Hence, there was no internal revenue neces- 
sary, and the great army of office-holders which has grown 
up out of the war to fasten and fatten on the people did 
not exist. But the Rebel Democracy, having failed to 
elect its President at the ballot-box, revolted and tried to 
destroy the Republic it had shown itself unfit to govern. 
It waged a rebellious war against the Union, to preserve 
which taxed the energies and resources of the loyal peo- 



510 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

pie for more than four years of bloody war and ten more 
of quarrelsome and laborious peace. The national debt 
is, for the most part, a Democratic debt ; and if the prin- 
ciple of indemnity insisted upon in the late Franco-Ger- 
man war had been carried out in closing up their rebellion, 
it would not have been the people of the United States 
but the rebel Democracy that would have had to pay that 
debt. What right have Tilden and Hendricks, both sym- 
pathizers with rehellion, to arraign the party which saved 
the Union for levying taxes to pay the interest on the na- 
tional debt and make annual redactions from the principal ? 
It is not those who pay, but those who make debts that 
should be arraigned." 

FROM EX-POSTMASTER GENERAL's JEAVELL BRATTLE- 
BORO SPEECH, AUG. 17th. 

" As President, his past history indicates that he (Mr. 
Hayes) would aim for the best good of the country ; that 
he would surround himself with the foremost men and 
purest statesman of his party ; that he would expel every 
dishonest and unfaithful official, and keep every faithful 
and honest one ; that he would promote resumption at 
the earliest possible day, and that he would be willing to 
name the day and prepare for it ; that he would protect 
every citizen, regardless of color or nationality, in all of 
his rights, both at home and abroad. That he will do all 
this we have every reason to believe by his past acts and 
past avowals." 

EXTRACTS FROM THE LEWTSTON (mE.) SPEECH OF 
COL. R. G. INGERSOLL, OF ILL. 

I belong to the Republican party, and I am glad of it, 
and I will give you a few reasons why I am glad of it. 
The Republican party is the conscience of the nineteenth 
century. What was the condition of the country when 
the Republican party came into power ? I know there 
are those with envenomed tongue who denounce this party ; 
men who, if they had had their own way, would not have 
allowed us to have a counti-y to-day. The Democratic 
party made it the duty of citizens to hunt fugitives seek- 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 511 

ing liberty. Such a law would disgrace the statute books 
of hell. [Laughter.] No man ever voted for such a law 
who was not a rascal. I intend to tell the truth, if I am 
strong enough, and I tell you I have an excellent consti- 
tution. [Laughter.] This crime crept up into the Su- 
preme Court. That court was a farce. I know all about 
it. In 1861, if a negro had planted corn and the crop 
was ready for harvest, and a Democrat had come along to 
steal it, the Supreme Court would have decided with their 
spectacles pushed back on their bald pates that the corn 
belonged to the Democrat. [Loud applause.] This was 
the spirit of the good old party of reform. [Loud ap- 
plause.] Imagine the condition we were in when the 
Republicans came into power. Justice and mercy were 
vagrants. At the North the Democrats were ready to give 
anything for an office. The Southern States took up arms 
— took up arms for what ? Why. for the right to steal 
from four millions of people of different color. I believe 
I am superior to the black man — and so superior that I can 
get my living without robbing him. [Laughter.] The 
Democratic party commenced the war against the Union. 
The question was, Are you for or against the Union ? 
The Republican party offered all that it could — it almost 
got into the dirt, but the South rushed to war. The great 
Republican party and every Union-loving Democrat in the 
North struck hand to fight for the Union. Are you sor- 
ry the Rebublican party won in 1860? Are you sorry 
the great Lincoln was elected President ? He was almost 
the only man who, having absolute power, never abused 
it except on the side of mercy. 

The Democratic party was opposed to the war ; that 
ought to damn them eternally (I would be willing to let 
them end a little short, but politically I mean eternally.) 
[Laughter.] The Democratic party opposed the means 
to put the war down ; they swore the debt never ought to 
be paid. They tried to impair the national credit. The 
Democratic party said, " Don't buy a bond ; the South 
will succeed." If the Democratic party had had its way, 
the soldiers in the field would not have been paid. They 
ought (politically) eternally to be damned for that. 
[Laughter.] How many Democrats were delighted every 
time the Union army was defeated ! [Voice, " that's so."] 



512 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

That's a fact. I don't tell it as news [laughter], but sim- 
to refresh your memories. 

" Recollect when I speak of the Democratic party I mean 
the men who did these things. I am sorry to see men, 
good and true and loyal, who are with the Democrats 
still, and who are trying to make them respectable. My 
voice has no word against those men, do whatever they 
do, who faced shot and shell for the Union. I do not 
stigmatize them. I do not allude to true and loyal 
Democrats, but to those Democrats who are Democrats 
from mere cussedness. [Laughter.] How came it to 
this ? Is a man to be ashamed for having fought the 
Democratic party with shot and shell ? Will the time 
ever come when these scars worn by Gov. Connor shall 
be a disgrace to him? Shall the time come when we 
shall not mention the struggles of our boys and defend 
their scars ? It never can come! But I say if the Dem- 
ocratic party gets the power, the Union soldier will have 
to hide his scars. If Tilden is elected President, he will 
be the tool and instrument of the Southern Democracy. 

"Who made the times hard? Who made it necessary 
for the United States to borrow money? The Democratic 
party, North and South. And now they say we ought to 
have whipped them for less. Hard times I You will see 
what hard times mean if you get the Democratic party 
into power. We've got down to hard pan. And we are 
already in the light of the dawn of a revived business. 
Why ? Because the Republican party is bent on seeing 
a gold dollar and in resuming specie payment at the 
appointed time. The Republican party, I say, will pay 
the debt and protect all men. The Democratic party can 
find no Haw in the record of Mr. Hayes. He will carry 
out the doctrines of the Republican party. If Tilden is 
elected he will be controlled by the Democratic party. 
Which party will you trust ? I tell you, gentlemen, you 
must stand by the Republican party. What was Mr. Til- 
den doing when Mr. Hayes was fighting for his country ? 
Mr. Tilden was resolving the war was a failure. 

" I am glad that we have a party on whose brow is the 
eternal sunrise ; that we have a party of freedom, pledged 
to the progress and elevation of the human race, and 
pledged to stand by the divine rights of man." 



